■ Joyce and the publisher of "Yulisis" Ms. Biqi (left) in 1922 in Shakespeare Bookstore。 Information pictures

Many people know "Ulysses，1922) is the Irish writer James Joyce，1882-1941) works，But what may not know is，The first complete "Yulisis" is published in Paris。2022 is the 100th anniversary of the birth of this work，This is of special significance for Paris Shakespeare Bookstores and even the entire French literary circles for the publishing party of "Yulise"。

From February 2 (the date of publication of "Yulisis") to June 16 (Bloom Day)，Shakespeare Bookstore continuously hosted recitation activities，There are more than 100 writers from all over the world、The artist reads the fragment of "Yulisis" respectively，to show commemorative。Looking back on a century，This pinnacle of English literature can be published in Paris，There are many reasons。

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Afternoon afternoon, one week in July 1920，Sylvia Beach，1887-1962) and the French woman Adrian Monier, who is also a bookstore owner, was invited to participate in a party organized by a French poet。At the party，Poet to Biqiyu: "Irish Poet James Joyce is here。"" This surprised her。

Original，A few months ago，Joyce and American poet Ezra Pound，1885-1972) When meeting in Italy for the first time，Pound advised him to come to Paris。At this time，Joyce has just completed the 14th chapter of "Ulysses"。He accepted Pound's suggestion。The evening party is to get the wind for Joyce。

That night，When everyone talks about literature，Joyce slipped to another room，Biqi also came to this room，and asked Joyce, who was standing between the two bookshelves, asked: "You are the great James Joyce?" When she spoke, her voice trembled。Joyce raises his eyes from the Bet365 app download book to see this petite American woman，Stretching out a slender hand and reporting your own name。His English with Ireland accent。He is handsome，But there is a problem with the eyes，Hidden behind the thick lens。The name of her bookstore (Shakespeare and Company，Lingly translated as "Shakespeare and Company") Let him laugh。They just met like this。

The next day，Joyce came to Biqi's bookstore。They talked about his manuscript published in the United States。Introduction to Pound，"Ulisis" first chapters were serialized on a pioneer magazine "Little Comment" in the United States from 1917 to 1918，The owner of the magazine is also two women，named Margaret Anderson and Jane Heap。But the department responsible for the book review believes that the content of the novel is obscene and vulgar，"Rotten young people and challenge evil"。The author was even sued to court，"Yulisis" was sentenced to publish in English -speaking countries since then。Published several issues of the novel "Little Review" was ordered to be burned，Magazine is closed，The publisher was arrested。

Biqi and Monier have heard of the publication of both the United States and the United Kingdom.，But they know its literary value。France is the place where you can publish this work at this moment，So Biqi proposal，published "Yulisei" from Shakespeare Bookstore，Although Biqi has no money or publishing experience，But Monier is a staff member。Joyce does not play any encouragement in this regard，He said to Bi Qi: "You won't sell a book，This book reads boring。”

　　British and French versions have been available

February 2, 1922，The English version of "Ulysses" came out in Paris。Bi Qi intends to choose this day，Because it is the author’s 40th birthday。The cover design of the blue -bottom white character makes people think of the Greek national flag，The echoing relationship between the work and the Homer epic "Odyssey"。The first edition 1000 volume，Appointment book sales。Subsequent 14 years，"Yulisis" bet365 Play online games has been printed 14 times，sold 28,000 copies。Many are bought by the British across the Strait Strait of La Mansh，Because they can't buy in the UK。The US ban on the book also brought a reputation to this book。It is said that George Bernard Shaw，1856-1950) and Churchill are both people who secretly bought this book。

During the publishing process，Biqi also encountered a lot of difficulties。Because the author has eye disease，So there are many spelling errors in his manuscript，He cannot correct the manuscript。Type -type workers do not understand English，It is said that there are more than 5,000 errors in the first edition of "Ulysses"。

Monier's first read "Ulysses" and decided to publish a law translation。December 1921，The original English book has not yet been published，Translation work has begun。French writer、Poet Valeri Labo (1881-1957) began to translate in the novel of Bloom and the two bars women，And read this translation in a lecture，Let the audience feel the music of the work。He also translated the last paragraph of Molly，Published in the magazine。April 1922，He declared in an article，Joyce is the greatest English writer in the world today，Jonathan swift，1667-1745)、Laurence Sterne，1713-1768) and Henry Fielding，1707-1754) Shoulder。The ban on the ban in the United States，Just like a French writer Fu Lulou (1821-1880)、Podlair (1821-1867) and American writer Walt Whitman，1819-1892) The same thing encountered。

Labo's article is a guide to French readers。"James Joyce's most amazing place，It is a trip to this era，In this era，The power of creation comes from his own awakening。"" "，No need to go to the source of the spirit in ancient times。He also said: "Obviously，The author never gives up the human perspective of the characters in his own works。No matter what the advantages and disadvantages these characters have，Whether it is humble or lofty，They are people。A person of a flesh -and Bet365 lotto review -blood body，One day after walking。This is what we see in "Yulisis"。”

1924，Auguste Morrele (1820-1874) began to translate the full book "Yulisis"，Completed in 1928。Labo is responsible for review，Joyce himself also participated in the review。1929，Monier will publish the complete "Yulisis" legal translation for the first time。until 1934，U.S。Britain will wait until 1936。

　　Paris as a modernist soil

"Yulisis" can be published in Paris，Except for the help of the two ladies，It is also related to the cultural atmosphere of Paris。

1920s，Shortly after the end of World War I，The revival of the British and American economy and the depreciation of the francs make Paris the capital of the world favored by people。Tourists from a large number of English countries are not only here，and I can't leave it anymore。It is easy to find English newspapers in Paris、Small tavern and concert hall，These foreign people listen to jazz here、Drink coffee、Mo -cocktail。The left bank of Paris concentrates the artists from immigrants and poor students in the Latin area。Shakespeare Bookstore becomes a cultural exchange center for speakers。Boss Biqi and friends Monier not only open a bookstore，Also provides a fixed address for foreign exile writers，and introduce them to French editors and publishers。

At this time, the writer who came to Paris has Pound、Heming Miller Hemingway，1899-1961)、T.S. Eliot (Thomas Stearns Eliot，1888-1965)、Henry Miller，1891-1980)、Scott Fitzgerald (F.Scott Fitzgerald，1896-1940)、Getrude Stein，1874-1946), etc.。Various works recitation meeting、Lecture also allows French readers to discover the new continent of literature -American literature and English literature。Of course，French writers who are found to be new on literature，Andrei Jide (1869-1951)、George Duyami (1884-1966)、Yule Roman (1885-1972) and Labo are those who come to participate in the exchange activities。Most of these people belong to the "confused generation"bet365 live casino games ，First World War and its cruel scenes destroyed their youth dream，But in the communication between literature and art，They found comfort。

Joyce himself as an exile writer in Ireland，After arriving in Paris, it is surrounded by such an environment。"Yulisis" has been regarded as the opening work of modernist literature today，But it was like a seed at first，You need to find the soil suitable for it。Paris in the late 19th century and early 20th century，Modernism has sprouting and flourishing in various fields。New Art、symbolism、expressionism、Caseism, etc. in painting、Sculpture、Music、Literature penetrates each other、Impact。Artists from all over the world meet in Paris，Enjoy the free air required for art creation。

Joyce's unwillingness to be Berlin's conservative atmosphere in 1906，To get rid of the restraint of the family and the restrictions of religion，Leaving Ireland。First in Riyaster, Italy，Then English in Zurich, the neutralist area of ​​the war。He is interested in European culture，He speaks Italian with two children at home，Also say German、Greek and French。The work published during exile "Dublin" (1914)、"Portrait of a Young Artist" (1916), etc., won a certain reputation for him。His work style is closer to European mainland writers such as Iboson，instead of Irish literature。

Dadaism in Zurich in 1916，Joyce should be in the eyes。Shortless，Dadaism, which advocates the entire negation of traditional culture, is replaced by surrealistism。The abandonment of reality will lead people to the pursuit of myth，The resentment of orthodox art has spawned the drama。Mythology and Drama imitated as the two major art trends of this era。

"Yulisis" applied the story framework of the Homer epic "Odyssey"，Traditional linear narrative is replaced by mythology。Objective narrative and inner monologue mixed use，shows a complete break with the 19th century literature。When Joyce, who has a world -seeing vision, arrives in the base of modernist thoughts Bet365 app download in Paris with a modern "Yulisis"，Paris and "Ulisis"，Just like water to fish，Their encounter is accidental and inevitable。

　　"Yulisis" affects France

"Yulisis" although it is not beautiful in France、Ban Sung like this，But it is not smooth sailing。After the English version is published，The sound of criticism is more than praise。Until 1929 French Translation Publishing，Only got more praise。The Literary Critics of the World News Robert Conoper took two weeks to finish reading，The feeling of reading after reading is: "A sea，Once a big flood ... a huge book，Nothing left after reading，Except for a drunk、Dazzling、Tired space。Just like reading Rabrie (1494-1553)，Both wonderful and disgusted。”

French translations in 1929 later published several times in Galima Publishing House。until 2004，The new translation is translated by 8 people under the leadership of Jacques Obel，Published by Galima Publishing House again。

For 100 years，"Yulisis" not only allowed French readers to appreciate Joyce's writing art，Also affect French writers，Promoting the modernization process of French literature。The founder of the new novelist Alan Robert (1922-2008) publicly acknowledged that he wanted to write because of Joyce。Crord Simon (1913-2005), who is also a representative of the new novel, said that he was from Joyis and Faulkner (William Faulkner，1897-1962) I learned to read it。French contemporary novelist、Representatives of critics and structuralist genres Philip Sorleles is a Joyce research expert，He often entered the research papers on Joyce on his pioneer magazine "Original"。Lacan (1901-1981) first saw Joyce at the age of 17，He later explained his psychoanalytic theory with the content of Joyce's works。Contemporary French writer Philip Frester does not think "Ulisis" is a book "Unsable" book，He said that everyone can read themselves from it。

To commemorate the 100th anniversary of the publishing Bet365 lotto review of "Ulisis"，Many venues in Paris, including Shakespeare Bookstores, have held relevant celebrations，And on June 16, "Bloom Day" reached a climax on the day。A century has passed，Shakespeare Bookstore is still continuing its legend。If one day you come to Paris，Recommend you to come to this net red punch card bookstore，Although it replaced the address。But once you enter the bookstore，You can still feel the literary atmosphere in the Latin region of Paris。Imagine Joyce's "Yulisi"，Just walk out of Paris from here、To the world。

　(Author is an associate professor at the Chinese University of Chinese University of Languages ​​University)