Development since the 1960s，Japanese science fiction animation has been nearly 60 years of history，Robotic as one of the most representative themes，Number of related works。The themes of these works are constantly changing the development of the times，Both reflect the social history of contemporary Japan、Cultural changes，It also sent the creator to the country、Human、Thinking of problems in the future。It should be said，Japanese science fiction animation has formed a global influence with its own height and depth of thought，The robot image it depicts as a rich semantics、Cultural symbols that need to be explained urgently，also entered the field of vision of academic research。

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The originator of Japanese robot animation，That must。1963 version of the TV animation is adapted from the manga of the same name，It tells the story of robotic young A Tongmu living in the 21st century.。A Tongmu is a genius scientist Dr. Tianma Tianma's pain to comfort the bereavement，High -intelligent robots made according to its child -like appearance。He not only has a healthy and cute human appearance and intelligence、Brave、Justice and other beautiful character，There are also "seven great power" and "100,000 horsepower" to enter the sky。

A Tongmu's name is taken from the English "ATOM"，The meaning of "atom"。Comics of the same name Created in the early 1950s when the war has not yet gone far，For example, Tezuka Wizu said in the autobiography "I am a cartoonist" (Yahe Study 1989 Edition)，The opportunity of the image of Ai Tongmu is from the dream of "using atomic energy" in his own。Well -known，At the end of World War II，Two atomic bombs invested in Hiroshima and Nagasaki in the United States accelerated the surrender of Japanese militarism。The huge energy released by the explosion of the atomic bomb turned into two cities into ruins，Many Japanese people have also produced the psychological psychology of "terrorism"。In this situation，The Japanese government is responsible for evading politics and morals，Weaken the attribute of the victims who launched the war，The reason for the defeat to the defeat is "lost in the scientific and technological war"，Emphasize that Japanese science Bet365 app download and technology development is backward，Call the people to rebuild Japan with the power of science and technology。Through a series of public opinion publicity，Japan has formed the trend of "science and technology universalism" nationwide，Especially the dream full of light and hope, the dream of "peaceful use of atomic energy" gradually dilutes the emotions of the Japanese national "fear of nuclear"。The idea of ​​A Tongmu was also born in this special political historical context at that time。

A Tongmu is the product of technology，Represents the hope of technology，He is still looking forward to human evil but still expects human beings，Even willing to sacrifice yourself for human beings。In the final back of the animation，To relieve the global warming、Humans will lose the crisis of homeland，A Tongmu driving rocket will shoot the device that suppress the nuclear fusion reaction to the sun，But the device faults on the way，A Tong Mu Yi chose to push the device with his own power to fly to the sun，The final crisis is lifted，But A Tongmu has never been able to come back。Ai Tongmu moved countless Japanese audiences，The concept of "Robotic Robots is a human friend" he passed on also deeply affected the development of the Japanese's robot view and robot culture.。

A Tongmu's loyalty and dedication to human beings，It is derived from a set of virtual robot ethics specifications called "Robotics Law" in the work。As Astimov proposed the "Three Laws of Robot"，Tezuka Mizuka puts the future society of human -machine coexistence under the restrictions of the Robotics Law，This law stipulates that "robots exist to make humans happy; robots must not hurt others、No killing "and so on。This specification ensures the advantages of human beings compared to robots，So，A Tongmu will take human interests as the first case。

but but，Although Tezuka Jicho -Burrack recognizes technology for convenience，But he is not a technical supremanentist，Unprecedented technical worship of post -war Japanese society，He shows more vigilance and concerns。He once said: "I don't doubt the development of science and technology in the future will bring human beings.，I am worried about whether the future of humans can control their own desires in the future of scientific high -speed development。"So，In addition to the protagonist A Tongmu，He also shaped a large number of different types of robots in his work，In order to express the selfishness of selfish desire caused by the raging Bet365 app download and human nature of human nature in the state of out of control。For example，Flanken, a robot with infinite power but no concept of good and evil, was used to use evil gangs to use evil; robotic lights with stealth ability were instigated by wicked Evil Sihanke to explore the science province; High -intelligent robot，But because of human tram of their ethnic dignity，Forced him to embark on the path of revenge on human beings;。But in the social environment of Japan at that time，A Tongmu's image is too deeply rooted in people，Tezuka's thinking about technical and humanity has not been transmitted to the audience as well as he is like。

If the theme of "Iron Arms A Tongmu" is rooted in the social soil in Japan after the war，But in the shape of the character、Aesthetic orientation is affected by the West, especially American science fiction film，So the "Doraemon" (1973) and "Ala Lei" (1981) with large intelligent robots in the 1970s and 1980s were also，more shows the characteristics of Japanese science fiction animation。Both works are based on a relaxed and happy family life as the background、New science fiction trail props are featured，The protagonist with the shortcomings shows Japanese humor to the fullest。At the same time，Doraemon、Ala Lei is like A Tongmu，Robot representatives as a friendly friend of human beings，The best annotation of becoming a Japanese robot culture different from the West。

　"Scientific Armor" extended by human flesh strength

"Iron Arms A Tongmu" has no influence on future generations.，But in terms of the number of works，The development trend of Japanese robot animation has gradually deviated from the type direction of the shape and human body。This is mainly a popular film in the 1960s、The screen duel of the big monster against the big superman is deeply favored by the audience。

Japanese huge robot animation originated from the glorious "Iron Man 28" (1963)。Comics of the same name have been serialized since 1956，Animation Edition and "Iron Arms A Tongmu" on the same year on the TV station。Iron Man No. 28 was originally a secret weapon developed by the Japanese Army in order to reverse the war of the war to turn the war.，After the defeat, was banned on the unmanned island。A few years later，This huge robot suddenly appears in Tokyo，and destroy the city madly。Later, the son of Dr. Kim Tian, ​​Madama, got the wireless remote control of the Iron Man，As a result, the controller of the Iron Man fights side by side to maintain justice。bet365 Play online games The earliest in the comic version，For the height of the iron man，Hengshan's glorious idea is simple -as long as it is taller than humans，So the height of the iron man will be short when the scene is different，It was not until the TV animated version that Iron Man was 10.2 meters high、Weight 31 tons。Although Iron Man has the appearance of human shape and strong combat capabilities，But it does not have intelligence，To rely on human control。This is also after Masaro Masaro has controlled the remote control，Iron Man 28 immediately changed from evil villains to the reason for the incarnation of justice。

In the film, Kotaro holds the remote control rod，You can control the action of the iron man through radio。This original control method has changed in the "Demon God Z" (1972) of Yongjing Hao in the 1970s。

"Demon Z"，Dr. Ten Tibetan's ambitions to prevent Dr. Hell's rule of Dr. Hell，Make a huge robot demon Z，and entrust it to the grandson to the grandson before dying，The latter drove the magic god Z and the robot legion of Dr. Hell to fight。The same as the Iron Man No. 28，Demon Z is also a non -intelligent robot，Dajia'er has mastered the essentials of controlling the magic god Z with superb sports nerves and driving skills，He manipulates by flying into the head of the magic Z head by flying in the aircraft。Affected by "Demon Z"，Most of the huge robot animations have continued this "internal cockpit control" mode。

Demon Z, a non -smart mechanical device such as human driving，English is usually called "Mecha"，Chinese called "Mech"，But in Japanese context, the same as smart robot，All called "ロボ ッ ト" (robot)。huge robot animation before the 1990s，Most of the simple positive and evil dual mode is adopted in terms of story architecture，The protagonist robot is controlled by the representative of the justice，For example, in "Demon Z"，Is the robot a "magic" that threatens peace or the "god" that maintains peace，All controller control。The quality of science and technology depends on human nature, good and evil，The theme of "Tong Tong Tong" of "Iron Arms" is continued here。

For a long time after the war，Science and Technology in a society dedicated to human value to what role should they play，Always the focus of the Japanese science fiction animation creator。In addition，Robot changes from remote control to driving from humans into the robot，This change realizes the integration of people and robots。Some Japanese scholars point out，Advocating bet365 Play online games the powerful and invincible mechanical body reflects human beliefs of scientific power，The huge robot symbolizes a that can be controlled by humans、"Scientific Armor" containing huge potential; humans enter the robot to combine with one，It reflects the dream of human pursuit of physical power extension ("Sociology of Great Robots"，Legal Culture Society 2019 edition)。

The 1970s and 1980s was the age of the booming development of Japanese huge robots in Japan，It is also the era of Japanese economy.。pulse with the development of the times，Many robot animation gradually shows the importance of attaching importance to entertainment、Ignore the tendency of ideology。but but，"Mobile Suit Gundam" (1979) is unique，The artistic and ideological nature has achieved leaps。The story revolves around the war between the Earth Federation and the cosmic colonial country，But the battle between the battle does not have absolute righteousness and evil。Works with a huge and complex worldview system，Discuss the situation of people in the war from a wider perspective。"Gundam" is a deformable humanoid fighter，Fight by the driver's control，But the focus of the work has changed from the extension of human flesh to the growth of human flesh to the growth of the mind，Gundam is just a concentration of promotion plot development。Packaging of the gorgeous body fighting scene，Demo the political confrontation between the country，mutual dumping between different interest groups，Expressing the creator's criticism of the war、Social torture and human reflection。

　Human -machine fusion stimulate philosophical thinking

Starting in the 1990s，The robots in Japanese science fiction animation have become more high -tech and diversified in visual effects，Gorgeous color、The slender streamlined shape reflects the unique Japanese -style robot aesthetics。The shape of the robot also appears bionic、Software、New changes such as human -machine fitness，Biological Heritage、Blessing of artificial intelligence technology，A lot of the atmosphere of steel machinery at this period of the robot。At the same time，The boundaries between people and robots also gradually become blurred，prompting the audience to transfer the attention points to the relationship between human -machine、Thinking of the significance of human existence。

The "New Century Evangelion" launched in 1995 was incorporated into religion、Philosophy、Psychology and other elements，Tell bet365 live casino games the ruins of the World War，The story of human beings in order to realize the reconstruction plan to fight the story of the unknown "apostle"。"Evangelion，referred to as EVA for short)，The ontology consists of artificial skeletal and muscle，The outside is covered with control of its energy、Armor known as a "restraint"。EVA is driven by humans，At the same time, they have souls，For example, the soul of the first machine is the mother of the driver 碇 嗣。The protagonist 碇 嗣 is a timid cowardly、Slim sensitive teenagers，Under the order of the father, he was forced to be the driver of the first machine，He looks forward to getting his father's recognition，But the cruel battle brings him unbearable psychological pressure。Just as young people in Japan who was in the era of the backbone economy at the time，I want to work hard but pessimistic，I want to get social recognition，The society is afraid of them like "apostles"。This kind of character with a strong sense of substitution，"The New Century Evangelion" has aroused strong resonance of young audiences。The human reconstruction method set in the work is to complete the heart，Eliminate the mental barrier -the wall of the heart，and finally the EVA initial machine that determines the fate of human survival。EVA obtains divine power with the injection of human souls，Human beings eventually get rescue by EVA，Such settings give more humanistic colors and philosophy depths in the "Evangelion of the New Century"。

The theatrical version of "Shell Motor Team" released in 1995，Also raised robot animation to the height of philosophical speculation。In the film, there are not only imagination of artificial intelligence combat robot，It also describes the landscape of the high -tech intervention in human body。The protagonist Cao Yanzi is a part of the brain and spinal cord，The whole body of the body of the body，Captain Nine Sciences of the Public Security Nine Sciences as a detection of high -tech crimes，She often trapped in confusion about her body and identity when performing tasks。The confusion of Suzi not only touches the fundamental concept definition of "people" and "robots"，It also hides the discussion of the subjective crisis caused by post -human social technology involved in the body。

Since the 21st century，Although the number of new works of Japanese robot animation is significantly reduced，But the original phenomenal works continue bet365 live casino games to launch a sequel，There is also an adaptation of classics such as "Ai Tongmu" (2009), which appeared overseas and derivatives such as "Pacific Rim" (2013)。Looking at the development of Japanese science fiction animation for more than half a century，Robotic image is constantly pushing out new，But the two major issues of "Technology and Humanity" and "Reflection of the War" never retired，and its focus is always echoing the social problems faced by Japan in different periods。So，Rather than saying that these robots imagine reflect the industrial strength and science and technology level of contemporary Japan，It is better to put more on the collective consciousness of Japanese society based on the past and current experience.。Sci -fi imagination must be supported by the social and cultural structure to have vitality，This is exactly the influence of Japanese robot animation by Europe and the United States，However, it can successfully construct the reasons that have the characteristics of their own national characteristics。

　　(Author is an associate professor at the School of Foreign Language and Culture, South China Normal University)