St. Lawrence Island is located in the south of the Bailing Strait between Alaska and the Russian Chukqi Peninsula, North America。About 2000 years ago，St. Lawrence Island becomes one of the central areas of History Eskimo Civilization，Leave multiple archeological sites。Among them, the unearthed cultural relics at the Kuklek site near the village of Savajah are the main research objects when I do a doctoral student at the University of Alaska。

Cultural relics at the site of the Kuklek site have been excavated after 90 years ago，Favorites from the University of Alaska in Alaska in Filbanx。From the late 1970s to the early 1980s，A 2000s that have never met hungry and plague, the lives of most islanders。After the Great Disaster，Is the ancient prehistoric civilization no longer the interruption，and appear in another appearance? Will villagers still live in the sea like their ancestors?，The author finally has the opportunity to board the edge of this northern Pacific、Island with the gate of the Arctic Ocean，Questions in my heart。

　　Bet365 lotto review

Chukqi Anadel Bay flows from south to north，I have brought rich nutrients around the island of St. Lawrence。The surrounding seas of St. Lawrence are the homeland of seals and walrus，It is therefore known as "the capital of the world"。Here is also a must -have place for the seasonal migration of bow whales and gray whales。

The island is located not far from the Arctic bet365 best casino games circle to the south，Therefore, it has been surrounded by ice for many years。Its winter is long and cold、Multi -wind，Because of the reasons for the extreme night，Semitic light。Summer，People will enjoy the strange landscape of the sun due to the extreme day。The villagers today are on the land where the ancients lived。Marine Animals、Sea Bird Flying in the Four Seasons、Reindeer、Cold band plants growing on the ground，It constitutes the unique biological group of the island。Every summer，Bird ecology and plant ecological scientists from all over the world will conduct scientific observation on the island。

The main residents on the Island of St. Lawrence are Yupic people，A branch belonging to the Eskimo people，Have your own language，That is Epiku，The official language is English。The total population of two villages is less than 1500 people，Facilines of the scale of 2,300 people before the disaster。According to the US Federal Federal Act，Residents on the island have all ownership of the island。

　　Kuklek site

2000 ago，attracted by the rich marine resources of St. Lawrence Island，Humans who do not know where to migrate from this place on the island，and created a marine civilization characterized by marine hunting meters。The earliest islanders invented a dart gun head made of sea elephant teeth，It can effectively hunt the seal、Marine，even a huge whale。They are in Ganbeel Village、Savach Village and other areas on the island have left many ruins。Kuklack is one of the most complete sites for cultural sequences，The site is 10 miles in the east of the village。Bet365 lotto review The author took a small motor vehicle with a four wheels to the site with the accompaniment of the two villagers。Kuklek was a prosperous village before 1878。The hunger and plague from 1878 to 1880 took away the life of most villagers，The village is abandoned，Become ruins。

　Traditional Lives

The entry of Western technology civilization has not disappeared from the ancient sea hunting culture。Today's islanders are still excellent hunters who are good at dart guns。Although hunting is still the way the villagers get traditional food，But，What I have to admit is，The islanders today are integrated with the world system。Different from the ancients is，They need currency，Because many things need to be purchased。Some islanders have public office。Although there are only 800 people in the village，But there is a village government、Business company、School、Medical Center、Police Center、Post Office、Supermarket，You need staff。When I do a doctorate study for information,，Knowing that there is no large animal survival on the Island of St. Lawrence，Therefore, there is no land hunting tradition。However, I only know on the island，reindeer hunting is one of the popular ways of livelihood of the islanders。Why is this again? Literature record，At the end of the 19th century，Alaska's Minister of Education Jackson introduced a reindeer in the Chukqi Peninsula，to help the indigenous people develop the economy。1900，Some reindeer is taken on the island of St. Lawrence。1916，Someone has established a reindeer breeding base in the west bet365 live casino games of the village of Savaia，but，Circle reindeer plan soon fails。Cost cost of reindeer breeding is too high，Deer Raising people tired to deal with，Deer group died in large quantities。Last，The remaining deer is placed back to the wilderness。There are no trees on the Island of St. Lawrence，The surface is covered with grass and moss，This environment is exactly suitable for reindeer growth。The free deer group with freedom soon reproduces the interest on the new land，Become an important source of lives on the island。For the Epices，They are better at being a hunter，Not herders。

　　Cultural Relics "Hunter" and Hunter Art

The second day of boarding the island，The young man who accompanied Derui told the author，Savai people are not only animal hunters，It is also a cultural relic "Hunter"。Original，Because the land on the island belongs to the islander，Including underground cultural relics，The excavation of the islanders on the archeological site is legal。They have the right to "hunt" underground cultural relics，Sale for money。

The site of the old village is 10 miles in the west of the village，The direction is exactly the opposite to Kuklack，The landscape is also very different。East of the village is full of grass，The western part is the exposed rock。The site area is a hill with black soil，Very good recognition。The grandfather who accompanied Xiaodrik, Yi Ugk, and grandmother Xie Li, were digging the soil with iron in a deep pit。Wet、Fresh black soil is raised outside the pit，formed a new accumulation。The two elderly people happily invited me to eat at home。After dinner，Bet365 app download They showed me the previous "hunting" results。The collection of cultural relics is mainly marine dart head，Most of them are from the Tuller period，There are also early to the Punuk period。They said to me，I hope to find the earliest cultural layer of the old village site，Because the sea elephant cultural relics of each old color Bai Linghai culture are exquisite artworks。Evagk said to me seriously: "Hunting sea ivory cultural relics are not to change money，Instead, find the inspiration of ancestors。Leaving them，I can't create。"" Haxiang tooth is the upper canine tooth of the walrus，Highlight the lip，Some can be as long as 1 meter。Many Arctic nations will be used as raw materials for making carved artworks。Eskimo's ancestors used sea elephant to make dart heads in 2000，Sea Hunting Culture is so prosperous。

Each dart head is exquisite artwork。Old color Bai Ling's sea dart head is mostly abstract bird shape，The complicated curve pattern is carved on it。The inheritance of the hypertonous dental carving technology is not interrupted。Men of Savaika are known for the marine tooth sculpture，Ivak is one of them。Evagk took out a sculpture created by himself，It is the image of the mother and child of the seal mother and child。Seal Mom has a woman's face。In the world view of the Upike people，The essence of animals is human，There is a human soul in each animal's body。A combination of human and animals is the theme of non -failure in their sculpture creation。

　sustainable habitat

Village chief Delbert is a member of the Newt Northern Polar Circle Council，​​Busy to participate bet365 best casino games in international conferences of various sizes，Speak for the indigenous people。He said，As a small island，We already bear too much。Whether it is the 19th century industrial whaling，Still the mining of the 20th century、Petrochemical Industry，All brought great damage to the fragile earth environment。Human and nature must reach a settlement，Otherwise there will be disasters。What we need is sustainable habitat。

Every Thursday night，Villagers will practice traditional drums at the activity center、Singing and dancing。Participants have the elderly、Young people and students。Most of the male elderly people who sing the drums，Dancers are mostly young people，There are men and women。Villager Delia said: "When you feel that you have become a bear、When a eagle or a seal，You learned to dance。"" From the warm drum sound、Singing and dancing，I know，Savernga inherited the spiritual tradition of thousands of years，That is, the intimate relationship between man and nature has never been interrupted，Still inheriting stubbornly。

St. Lawrence Island is still the "darling" in the eyes of anthropologists。Aboriginal language is still active，The tradition of sea hunting continues stubbornly，The climate change in recent years has made it the focus of the observation of the Arctic anthropology。Like other Arctic communities，The islander of St. Lawrence is the keen observer of the natural environment，and rely on the unique knowledge system formed by the environmental observation to construct its social culture，Meeting its spiritual and material needs，The bet365 live casino games meaning of its anthropology is an underestimation。As a Arctic Aboriginal scholar described: "Under the material level of life，We know that we have a deep contact with everything。”

　(The author is the director of the Peking Ocean Research Center of Liaocheng University、Professor)