January 2020，I and Professor Gao Hongjun with Gao Hongjun，Fly from Kunming, Yunnan to India，Open 18 -day inspection，The first stop of the trip is the capital of the capital of the West Bengal。This city is located in the Ganges Delta region of East India。Here，The tributary of the Gange River Hugeli River is injecting into the Bay Bay Bay。Because of the unique geographical location，Kolkata Answer became one of the three major pipe areas of the British East India Company that year，and 140 years from 1772 to 1911，Always the capital of British India。This also makes this city a place where Indian civilization and Western civilization in modern history。

In order to understand the local customs here，We hired a local guide，Visit Guju You in the city。This is a prosperous and noisy city，The flow of people stuffed the ancient neighborhoods with a full time。The car we take is like a boat in the sea，Slowly marching in the "river bed" in the street。separated by the window，From time to time, the ancient buildings of the British and Indo -Indian periods are in sight，Show the glory of the Victorian era。

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As a literary enthusiast，My answer to Kolkata is closely linked to Tagore，Because it was his hometown here。Tagore's former residence is located in the campus of Robins University，It is a three -layer red villa in the green grass linked，It is said that the three generations of the Tagore family have lived here。Tagore's family is the Brahmin family of Jiao Lusanko。Tagore's grandfather's grandfather named Darokaat，It was one of the largest businessmen in the 19th century。Active bet365 Play online games business activities have broaden the vision of Daroldaata，Let him not only have intimate contact with Western commercial civilization，and start thinking about the conversion between the two civilizations。Daror Kanat went to the UK twice，and I have seen Queen Victoria。Due to luxury life，People call him "Prince"。At that time，Darocana's unique friend named Ram Mohhan Luo Yi，Is a famous social reformer。Luo Yi is influenced by Western Enlightenment Thought，It is the earliest Indian thinker in modern times to publicize the "talent human rights" and the concept of freedom and equality。To achieve equality and justice，He answered in Kolkata to promote a series of religious and social reforms，Turn the phenomenon of discriminatory women in traditional Indian society as a breakthrough，Funeral for widow、Children's wedding、Multiple wives and huge dowry, etc.，Proposed to liberate women、Proposal of equality between men and women。At that time，The "On the Dialogue of Widow Sumi" written by Luo Yi is the famous battle。Under the influence of Luo Yi，Darokanat also joined this Indian -style reform movement。The two of them co -founded the pioneer organization of Hindu reform in Kolkata in 1828。

Darocantet has five sons，The eldest son Duben Draner is the father of the writer Tagore。Duben Draner inherited the ideal of his father's reform，also joined Vatican in 1843，Become the second generation leader。Deben Draner in the Young era like his father，I also met a good friend，named Kaishu Chandra Mori，Two people adhere to the ideal of reforming Indian religion and society。But later，Duben Draneat chose to reform traditional Hindu，and Mori embarked on the road to Christianity。Two people who have been like -minded to part ways，This has also led to the split Bet365 app download of Brahma。Due to Deben Draner's thoughts more conservative，Opposition to radical change，People call him "Da Xian"。But，This "Da Xian" is not easy to find inner unity between Western rationalism and traditional Hinduism，So he chose to exit public life。According to Tagore's memory，My father once read the autobiography of American Benjamin Franklin in the villa，The kind of depicted "Time is money，Efficiency is Life's Protestant Ethics，Make Duben Draner Extraordinary Amazing，Think that it is the philosophy of guarding the pice。Duben Draner Draw and criticize the Western civilization optionally，From this, it can be seen。In his later life，Duben Draneat found a place called "Sanctical Nixotan" in the suburbs of Kolkata，I bought it to the child，This is the poet that we are familiar with Tagore。

Tagore was born in this red villa we visited，He has lived a happy and free childhood here。Different from the grandfather as "Prince" and the father of "Da Xian"，Tagore has no exhibition of interest in money and religion，But there is a soft spot for literary feelings。In the villa，Our Indian "Jia Baoyu" and brothers and sisters chant poems every day，and actively participate in the Bangladesh Renaissance Movement。Tagore was inspired by Bangladesh's devoted poets，Park Tutan's philosophy of "Brahma's One" into the eternal poem。But different from the traditional tendency of traditional Pantano philosophy，Tagor uses poetry to praise nature and life，Experience the experience of the integration of individual soul and the universe，formed a unique style。Because of this unique style，Make Tagore as the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature with "Gitana Lili" in 1913。

When we stop in the ancestral house of the three generations of the Tygore family，Suddenly Bet365 lotto review realized，The history of the Tagore family reflects the rebirth of Indian civilization bath fire、The process of realizing modern conversion。Three -generation Tagore，From "Prince", "Big Immortals" to "Shi Zhe"，Reflect that Indian social elites have from accepting Western business civilization from acceptance to reflection，The journey of the heart road that is connected。The Tagore family is the lucky child of the times，is the prophet of the Indian people，and India's general public to realize the same spiritual conversion still requires different ways and longer time。

　Temple on the banks of the Hergley River

The guide did not allow us to linger in the former residence of Tagore，He kept bringing us to a new place。That is a temple，Located on the banks of the Hergeli River。Under the set of sunset，That temple looks solemn and solemn，but there are a lot of bright Indian baths by the river。Such comparison pictures surprised us。and the guide also quickly introduce the scene in front of you。Guide said，This temple is the headquarters of the Roosa Miseration Club of the Rocoma，It is also the heavy town of the Renaissance of Bangladesh。Compared with Tagore，Our preaches of Laromeohina know nothing about，The enthusiasm for promoting by the promotion of the promotion of us is surprising，Quickly ask for advice。Original，Rocoma Hina's preaching meeting is a religious reform organization in Bangladesh and the "Brahma Society"。Its name comes from a local priest Luo Mo Machella。Roosama, Roosm, once practiced in the local Gali Goddess Temple in Kolkata，Is a devotion believers。During the practice，Roosachner, Rocoma, for the religious separation and sectarian struggle for India at the time，The proposition of "human religion" was proposed。He thinks，The gods of religion in the world Bet365 app download are the same entity，It's just different names，"Just like you eat popsicles，Eat straight，or obliquely eat，It's all as sweet "。So，Various religious believer should eliminate differences，Unite under the banner of "human religion"。

Roosmine of Roosm taught a lot of disciples，One of them is particularly outstanding，Named Different Xi。Different Heritage Original named Ranteraner Data，Born in Kolkata ’s wealthy Kadley Family。In the youth，Differential is affected by Western rationalist thoughts，Studying on the law at the city college in Kolkata，and sympathize with the ideal report of the social reform of Brahma。But soon，Religious thoughts of Rocoma Hina attracted him，Leading his life in a new direction。After the death of Roosmine of Roosm，Differential shoulders and shoulders and carry heavy responsibilities，Use the "Action Yoga" thought in the Indian Yoga Philosophy to encourage yourself，Disposal in the great cause of the religious reform of Indian Religions。1893，Different from the ocean across the sea，Draigically attending the World Religious Conference held in Chicago, USA，and delivered a speech，Causes a sensation，I also successfully introduced the philosophy of India's New Pantano to the West。After returning home，Different disciples of unity and unity of Luo Macheina，Joint formation of Rocomylihina Miseration Meeting，Organized a lot of disaster relief in India、Ji Poverty and Public Welfare Education Activities，profoundly affects the development of modern society in India。Like the teacher，Differential also puts forward the proposition of "universal religion"，I hope to bridge the major religions within India，Especially the conflict between Hinduism and Islam，I hope to establish a Bet365 lotto review unified and inclusive new Indian。For this，He strives to promote the birth tendency of changing traditional Indian culture，Use the philosophy of active life to encourage compatriots。Unfortunately，Never fake year，This outstanding reformer died at the age of 39。

　　Internal conversion of spiritual civilization

When we listen to the introduction of the guide，Unsurbing my heart。If you say，The story of the Tagore family shows the journey of the Indian social elite class，Rocoma Hina's preacher revealed the road of the Indian general in the transformation of the times。As an intellectual，We examine the modernization of a civilization，It is often easier to pay attention to the side of the material，Pay attention to the spirit of the spirit; it is easier to observe the elite side，But it is easy to ignore the public’s side。India is the World Religious Museum，Most of its people have pious religious beliefs。Under this cultural atmosphere，Luo Machelline chose to start with the long -history of the long -history,，Emotional as a focus point，Inspiring the people in the way of "faith yoga"，The method can be described as Gaoming; and his disciples discern them on this basis，Instead of "karma yoga", social mobilization，More icing on the cake。Different Emphasis on Karma Yoga，Just inspired Gansi，Make it develop from Swaragishi's political proposition，Laure the foundation for the later independence of India。and we observe from a wider field of vision，can be found again，The Tygore family follows the road of "wisdom yoga"，Proposal to wake the people wake up，and Luo Machelina chosen the road of "karma yoga" and "faith yoga"，Practice is to awaken the people with action and sincerity。They all draw energy from the ancient Indian civilization，and then promote the modern Bet365 lotto review conversion of the nation and the entire civilization，This may be the internal energy of Indian civilization。

This trip to India and the experience in Kolkata，I left a question in my heart，Promote me constantly thinking: Also as an ancient Oriental civilization，How can China realize its own spiritual sublimation，Person in integrating modern ideas with ancient traditions，So as to truly realize the modern transformation of civilization?

　　(Author is Associate Professor of Law School of Tsinghua University)