"The Fourteenth Five -Year Planning of the National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and the Outline of the Metropolitania Target in 2035"，Establishing an ecological product value implementation mechanism，Pilot pilots in the Yangtze River Basin and Sanjiangyuan National Park。April 2021，General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China、The General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Establishing and Implementing the Mechanism of Ecological Products"，Requirement to 2025，The institutional framework for the realization of ecological product value is initially formed; by 2035，Comprehensive Ecological Product Value Implementation Mechanism is fully established。Efforts to convert the value of ecological products contained in the green mountains and green mountains into Jinshan Yinshan，It is an important measure to promote the formation of a new model of ecological civilization construction with Chinese characteristics。

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for a long time，The method of extensive economic growth causes serious resource constraints and the problem of deterioration of ecological environment，Constantly touch natural ecological security boundary，High -quality ecological products have become an important shortcoming for the people's growing beautiful ecological environment in the new era。Ecological protection red line refers to a special important ecological function in the ecological space、Areas that must be strictly protected，It is the bottom line and lifeline for ensuring the effective supply of ecological products。Current，National Ecological Protection Red Line Evaluation and Adjustment Work is basically completed，The preliminary ecological protection red line area accounts for more than 25%of the land area of ​​land，Protecting nearly Bet365 app download 40%of the water conservation and flood adjustment function、About 32%of the wind -proof sand and sand fixing function。

Ecological protection red line is often both economically underdeveloped and ecological environment sensitive and fragile areas，Ecological issues and poverty issues intertwined，Local to realize the "catch -up strategy"，There is still an impulse to develop and utilize the development of resources and the environment。At the same time，For most ecological products，Due to the coexistence of the morphology and reality、Public welfare and overall strength、Blogging of property rights caused by natural attributes such as non -renewable、Difficulty of value accounting、It is difficult to achieve technical obstacles such as him，Ecological protectors provide private marginal income for ecological products and social marginal income extremely asymmetry。

High -quality promotion of ecological protection red line ecological product value realization，Elected to implement the spirit of the important speech of General Secretary Jinping at the in -depth promotion of the development symposium of the Yangtze River Economic Belt，Actively explore the government -led、Participate in all walks of life in the enterprise and society、Market -oriented operation、Sustainable ecological protection red line ecological product value realization path。

　　Clear ecological product attribute

The economic attributes and property rights system conditions of ecological products determine the government's leading role in its value realization，But it does not mean that the government needs to pay for all ecological products in the ecological protection red line。Only like fresh air、Wind -proof sand、The value of ecological products with strong public welfare such as biological diversity maintenance only requires the government to implement，The specific implementation path mainly includes vertical transfer payment、Horizontal transfer payment and government purchase ecological products。

Where，Longitudinal transfer payment includes the subsidy funds that are not specified bet365 live casino games in the unwillingness of the lower level government's financial resources and improving the basic ecological public service guarantee capabilities of lower -level governments.，It also includes subsidized funds for the designated use of specific uses to the subordinate government transferred to the subordinate government in order to achieve specific ecological goals.。Current，Most of the various vertical ecological compensation projects implemented by China have not incorporated ecological protection red line factors into the scope of compensation standards，In the future, we should increase support for high -level in the red line coverage of ecological protection，Based on the area of ​​the total area of ​​the red line and the core protected area of ​​the natural protection area of ​​the county ecological protection、Ecological protection red line protection effectiveness and other indicators to formulate a reward and punishment system for incentive compatibility。

Horizontal transfer payment is a fund compensation for the area where the red line is located and the beneficiary areas、Power collaboration、Industry transfer、The important institutional arrangement of the relationship between regional environmental interests and the distribution of economic interests for co -construction parks。The complexity of the ecosystem composition of the ecosystem in the red line and the spatial escape of ecological products，Except for the important beneficiary ecosystem, such as the important riverside basin, it is already in the pilot，Explore the area of ​​red line or ecological protection in different counties in different counties or ecological protection in the provincial area、Green incremental expansion indicators trading，It is a more feasible horizontal ecological compensation method。

The government's purchase of ecological products is the government in a certain way and procedures，Production of ecological protection red line ecological products、Ecological protection red line ecological management and other services through contract outsourcing、Franchise、Personal systems and other methods to be assigned bet365 best casino games to the social force that meets the qualification conditions。Current，The shortcomings of the Chinese government's purchase of ecological products are mainly manifested as the "fragmentation" of the purchase subject、"Internalization" of purchasing objects、"Administrativeization" of the purchase method and "randomization" of the purchase program，Policies and regulations purchased by the government purchased by ecological products urgently，Clarify the government purchase list of ecological products，Reasonable selection of the purchase method of ecological products and the performance assessment of strengthening the purchase of ecological products。

　　Establish an ecological economic system

Current，Make the market a decisive role in the configuration of ecological protection red line ecological products，Not only in line with the general law of the market economy，It is also the deserved meaning of the market -oriented reform of the ecological protection of the ecological protection of my country's ecological protection。With the scarcity of natural resources、The relationship between value -added and property rights is increasingly explicit，Many natural resources that have not been priced for a long time are gradually asset and capitalized，Become a transactionable product。So，It is necessary to follow the requirements of ecological industrialization and industrial ecology，Accelerate the construction of an ecological protection red line ecological economic system。

On the one hand，You can encourage and guide social subjects to invest in and operate and operate an ecosystem management activity，Trading between ecological protection red line ecological product providers and consumers (or intermediaries)，If you develop moderately visiting travel without destroying the ecological function、Forest people、Forest Economy, etc.。On the other hand，Through government control or setting limit，Promoting ecological protection red line ecological product users directly perform，Or buy a compliance credit limit through mutual transaction。Under the background of the state's proposal of carbon peak targets and carbon neutralization，Ecological Protection of Forests in the Red bet365 Play online games Line、Grassland、Wetland and other ecosystems with good carbon fixing functions contain huge market potential。At the same time, you can also take sustainable、It is conducive to ecological protection of the red line ecological environment and social acceptance methods and effective protection of local cooperatives and other stakeholders who effectively protect the ecological protection of the red line ecological environment.，To achieve the premium of ecological protection red line ecological products。

　　Innovative ecological product value implementation method

The private sector is both a consumer for ecological protection red line ecological products，can also be used as producers or providers of ecological protection red line ecological products。In other words，Whether it is public welfare or quasi -public welfare ecological product，Theoretically, its value can be achieved through a variety of public -private cooperation methods，The latter is particularly the same。Ecological protection red line ecological product value Public and private cooperation is the core point of meaning is，The public sector and the private sector are based on contracts，Relying on intermediary agencies，Participate in the realization of the value of ecological protection red line ecological products。Integrated authorization through complementary tasks，Entrepreneur spirit and innovation spirit of inspiring private sector，Commonly overcoming the fault interval of the existence of pure public sector and pure private sector to realize the value of ecological protection red lines，As a result。

International，Nicaragua Gualun City Government、Private sugar company CASUR and other coexistence Gil González Basin hydrological service payment items，Costa Rica National Forestry Financial Fund and private hydropower company EG implementation of Sarapique Basin ecological service payment project，All are typical of the value of public and private cooperation in ecological products，It can provide useful practices for the development of the red line of the ecological protection of my country's ecological protection。What needs to be pointed out is，Due to unequal status、The benefits are not consistent、Information asymmetry bet365 live casino games and incomplete contract，Public and private cooperation methods do not always reduce the supply cost of ecological products，The scale of private sector participation is the key to the scope of the value of the ecological protection red line ecological product value and the sustainable capital。

High -quality promotion of ecological protection red line ecological product value realization，Promote the supply chain of ecological protection red line ecological products、Value chain and interest chain develop simultaneously，It also needs to improve the following supporting measures。First, to speed up the transformation of government functions，Improve policy framework design。The focus is to accelerate the legislative work of ecological protection compensation，Clarify the rights and responsibilities of the stakeholders in the ecological protection red line ecological compensation，Deepen resources tax reform，Guide financial institutions to participate in public welfare ecological protection projects，and establish a mechanism for sharing the horizontal green interests。Second is to remove the barriers of the system and mechanism，Improve the social participation environment。The focus is to establish a unified ecological protection red line ecological product catalog and its value accounting system，Optimize the participation of the private sector to participate in the incentive mechanism，Greed up the scope and form of public cooperation，Improve the ecological protection red line ecological protection performance evaluation mechanism，and build an ecological protection project risk prevention system。Third is to improve the trading market system，Innovation market trading method。The focus is to accelerate the reform of the natural resources asset property rights system in the red line，Promote the construction of the market system of ecological protection red line ecological product trading，Broaden ecological protection red line ecological products market trading method，Expanding market -oriented financing channels，and improve the ecological protection red line ecological product certification system。

　(This article is the Study of Ecological Protection Red Line Ecological Compensation Mechanism "(19bjy044) in the National Social Science Fund project (19bjy044)

(Author Unit: China Agricultural University China Ecological Compensation Policy Research Center)