Modern scientific research is increasingly showing multiple main collaborations、Integrated breakthrough、Large -scale implementation of large scientific research paradigm features。To adapt to this development trend，European and American countries have gradually adopted cross -regional collaborative innovation models in the form of scientific research organizations，To maximize the integration of the region and even global innovation resources，To maintain its leading position in the field of scientific and technological innovation。So，In -depth discussion on the main connotation and practical characteristics of cross -regional innovation communities，For the efficient allocation of innovative resources、It has important reference significance to realize the development of science and technology and economy。

The word The Innovation Community was originally used as an academic concept，The theoretical article published in the 1990s was published by the theoretical articles published by Lennad Lynch and others，But only as a research framework，I did not get practical promotion。2008，The American University Science and Technology Park Association, etc. In the article "National Strategy of Establishing an American Innovation Community System"，From the policy level, it is clearly proposed that the innovation community should be used as a national strategy。Innovative community refers to multiple innovative subjects based on rapid flow and full sharing of innovative resources and efficient and smooth operation mechanisms，Share sharing with each other，Actively carry out innovative interaction and collaborative cooperation，To enhance regional innovation performance and competitiveness、Organization bet365 Play online games mode that achieves common innovation goals。

Since then，Innovative community has aroused widespread attention from all walks of life，and a group of practical organizations of different modes of practical organizations emerged，Among them, there are three modes that are more representative。First, the government leading mode。This model is mostly government funding，and the government proposed clear scientific development goals，by attraction、Move、All kinds of innovative resources in the configuration area，Significant improvement of regional innovation performance and economic development level。such as，Colorado Innovation Network (Coin) is not only medicine、Projects or research institutions in the fields of engineering provides funding support，It also brings together many industry leaders to provide guidance and help for startups。Second is the leading mode of the university。Organizer and manager of the university as an organizer and manager of an innovation community，Give full play to its talent training、Scientific research、Multiple functions in the fields of high -tech industry development，Promote the realization of regional collaborative innovation。such as，Cardiff University Innovation Network from the University of Kadiff University in the UK use policy advantage，By changing innovation and entrepreneurial teaching mode and development of scientific research innovation，Delivery high -quality knowledge resources to the area，and through the innovative park it created, provide local enterprises with a good innovation environment，At the same time, attract companies to actively integrate into this innovative network。Third, the leading mode of social organization。Some commercial organizations or enterprises form an innovative community，Due to the goals of this type of community、Participating subjects are more directed，Therefore, the scale is relatively small，Social bet365 Play online games influence is not as good as the first two types of modes。

With the increasingly mature practice of innovation community in Europe and the United States，Some common features are present in both operation management and construction mechanisms。First，Participate with the government and society。European and American countries have given full play to the government's role in the process of creating an innovative community，Show a higher social participation at the same time。Take the EU as an example，The innovative community created by the EU is the European Innovation and Technology Research Institute (EIT)，aimed at improving EU innovation capabilities and realizing resource integration。The research institute was publicly proposed by the then European Commission Chairman Barozo and officially passed through the European Parliament，Its organizational structure is by the board of directors、60 permanent scientific workers and a small number of administrative staff、Several knowledge and creative community composition。Among them, members of the board of directors are nominated by the organization，Finally, the European Commission decided to pass it，and the knowledge and innovation community from universities in different regions of Europe、Scientific research institutions and enterprises。And the American innovation community was initially proposed by many organizations such as the American University Science and Technology Park Association，It is intended to enhance local R & D competitiveness，Promote investment and economic development behavior with R & D clusters，This attracts active participation from all walks of life，Including universities and research institutions，And Federal Laboratory、Small and micro enterprises、Science and Technology Park, etc.。

Next，Tight combination of industry -university -research government and enterprises。The promotion of technological innovation in economic development depends on the commercialization of scientific and technological achievements。Generally bet365 live casino games speaking，The degree of commercialization of scientific and technological achievements in developed countries in Europe and the United States is higher than that of other countries，but still 30%-40%of the invention patents have not realized commercialization。For this，These countries have set up research and development and results transformation centers。For example，The United States establishes a number of competitive technology research and development and achievement transformation centers within its innovation community，And supported by the local government，To promote the federal laboratory、Organic combination between universities and research institutes and many R & D incubators，Promoting efficient cooperation of production, university and research，Effectively improve the transformation efficiency of scientific and technological achievements。

Last，Give full play to market forces。The innovative community of European and American countries is not a physical organization，but a university -based、Scientific research institutions、Government、Enterprise、Virtual network architecture made from interactions in the park。This shows that although the government has played an important role in the creation of the innovation community，But just responsible for providing a suitable legal and institutional environment，Specific management and operations rely on market forces to advance。For example，The specific operation of the European Innovation and Technology Research Institute，Standardized by its board of directors and various knowledge and innovation communities in the form of contract，and specifically to the organizational structure of each knowledge and innovation community、Daily operation、The completion of rights and obligations stipulated in the contract，then they decide by themselves。

Visible，The development process of the innovation community in Europe and the United States、Construction bet365 Play online games mode and management experience for breaking regional spatial division and administrative barriers，Promote the optimization of innovative resources，Improve cross -regional collaborative innovation ability，It has important reference meaning。

First，Adhere to the strong guarantee of government guidance as the innovation community effect。For different innovative subjects，Its innovative goals have their own focus。Usually，The academic exploration of the academic nature of basic theory and practical application，And the company pays attention to the commercialization of its products and market competitiveness，An innovative chain of "basic research -application research -marketization" has a certain break。and the government can make full use of the platform of innovation community to make overall deployment，Innovative subjects at both ends of the chain will focus on the improvement of the innovation regional or national science and technology innovation capabilities and high -quality economic development。Based on this logic，European and American countries actively promote the creation and operation of innovation communities，Provide funding support and professional guidance for innovative subjects, especially R & D enterprises，Give full play to the main position and important role of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation。

2，Strengthening the integration of industry -university -research is an important support for innovation and common physical effects。European and American countries to create an innovative community aim to maximize the integration of various innovative resources，Seamless docking of technological research and development and commercialization，Cracking scientific and technological achievements transformation problems，Promote regional economic development with innovation。The integration of industry -university -research has developed into the key。For this，European and American countries have adopted a series of measures to strengthen the organic integration of industry -university bet365 live casino games -research。First, use policy tools to motivate enterprises to adopt a co -construction R & D base、Project cooperation and other forms，Add basic research input。Second is to solve the distribution of interests in the cooperation of industry -university and research，Strengthen intellectual property protection，Improve the distribution mechanism of interest。Third is to promote the healthy development of the technology market，Focus on the development of science and technology services intermediaries，Promote efficient and professional scientific and technological achievements transfer and transformation。

third，The perfect institutional system provides a good development environment for creating an innovative community。European and American countries attach great importance to the construction of the institutional environment in the process of creating an innovative community。First is a legal environment。In order to encourage enterprises to increase R & D investment，Carry out scientific and technological innovation，They have introduced a series of laws and regulations，For example, the US "Economic Stability Emergency Act" and "Small Enterprise Research and Development Promotion Law"，It provides a solid support for the healthy development of the innovative community。Followed by the investment environment。Establish a multi -level capital market system，Improve investment and financing mechanism，Optimized business environment，Attach various types of capital to the construction of local innovation communities globally。Finally, the talent environment。Talents are the key elements of innovative development。Creation of innovative communities that are inseparable from the talent training mechanism and good atmosphere。For example，The United States has added entrepreneurial ability training in the STEM talent training plan，Europe uses high -quality university resources to continuously supplement the high -tech talent library，Provides a wealth of talent reserves for the development of the bet365 Play online games high -tech industry in the region。

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　　(Author Unit: Beijing -Tianjin -Hebei Coordinated Development Research Center of Hebei Provincial Academy of Social Sciences)