Agricultural land has been the basic production factor for farmers’ production and life for a long time，is an important resource for the high-quality development of my country’s agriculture and rural areas。my country’s resource endowment conditions and policy goals of maintaining food security require us to cherish agricultural land resources more。In order to solve the problems of my country's agricultural development: "Who will farm the land in the future?" "Who will help farmers farm the land" and "How to farm good land"，We need to find an effective path suitable for my country’s agricultural development and basic national conditions，The productive service model of bet365 champions league trusteeship came into being。As early as 2014, the central government’s “No. 1 Document” proposed the implementation of a “hosted” service model for the first time，It is clearly proposed to develop “production hosting services” in 2022。A new way of service-scale operation formed by bet365 champions league trusteeship，Can effectively solve the current dilemma of agricultural development，Provides an organizational carrier for the organic connection between small farmers and modern agricultural development，Opened up a new way to achieve large-scale agricultural operation。

　Basic national conditions of small bet365 champions league in large countries

More people and less land has always been the basic national condition of our country。The third national land survey shows，The number of small farmers accounts for 2 in the country.98% of 0.7 billion bet365 champions league households，The cultivated land area managed by small farmers accounts for 70% of the total cultivated land area。"One third of an acre per person，The average household has less than ten acres of land” is a cruel reality that my country’s bet365 champions league development must face for a long time。Under the conditions of resource endowment with more people and less land，Smallholder production based on family operations is still the main form of bet365 champions league management at present and even for a long time in the future。

Small farmers have inherently high production costs and transaction costs in bet365 champions league、Problems such as difficulty in applying modern agricultural technology。For example，The decentralization and fragmentation of contracted land management rights make it difficult to meet the conditions for mechanized contiguous operations。These all make the mechanization level, especially the level of labor productivity, of small-scale farmers to be lower than that of large-scale operators，It is more difficult to obtain returns to scale or achieve economies of scale。Generally believed，Scale operations must expand production scale，Reduce the long-term average cost per unit of production factors，Find the optimal scale point that minimizes long-term average cost，Maximize the production efficiency of each factor，This is the inevitable way to obtain returns to scale。But，Whether large-scale operations can be realized also depends on the willingness of farmers to realize concentrated and contiguous cultivation of cultivated land，Under the existing institutional arrangement of household responsibility system，In addition, the urbanization of farmers in the process of urbanization in my country is not complete，Farmers are not willing to transfer land contract management rights，Simple land concentration、Farmland transfer and other methods cannot effectively concentrate farmers’ farmland，To some extent, it has also led to problems such as rising land costs。Then，How to explore an effective new path with Chinese characteristics？

　　bet365 champions league-scale operation and service-scale operation

In recent years，Farmers have spontaneously explored a variety of business models to achieve large-scale agricultural operations，For example, land subcontracting、Transfer、Rent、Multiple transfer methods such as exchange。But affected by the agricultural land contract management system，Under the condition of "separation of three powers"，The current policy is more to encourage farmers to transfer their farmland management rights to large farming households、Transfer of new business entities such as cooperatives or family farms，Some areas will also transfer the entire village's cultivated land to the village collective。However，The transfer of land management rights means that farmers can no longer obtain crop benefits from their own contracted land，Only a relatively fixed land transfer fee can be collected。Under the current land transfer model，Some farmers who move to nearby areas or work seasonally，Still retains the enthusiasm to engage in bet365 champions league，But they are no longer able to share the benefits of economies of scale from the land-scale operation model，Unable to meet the scale operation needs of all farmers。

Adapt to market demand，Service scale business model gradually develops。Different from large-scale land management achieved through farmland transfer，In the service scale business model, farmers are still independent business entities，The management rights of the land shall not be transferred，Farmers entrust or "outsource" some or all of the operations in bet365 champions league to service organizations，The service organization realizes large-scale and standardized operations in each production link through the centralized and contiguous land，Finally realize large-scale agricultural operation。

Compared with land-scale operation，Service scale operation is more suitable for the current reality of agriculture and rural areas。First，Service scale operation can ensure farmers’ land contract rights、On the basis that management rights, income rights and other rights remain unchanged，Satisfy farmers’ desire to “leave their hometown but not their fields”、The strong desire to reap the rewards if you don’t sow，Farmers are more accepting。Secondly，Service-scale operations are cheaper for agricultural operators，In large-scale land operations, the operating entity needs to bear the land transfer costs，The current rising land rent has become the main reason for the decline in the income of large-scale operating entities；For farmers，Land-scale operation can only bring fixed working capital income，In the service scale business model，Farmers still have the final income from bet365 champions league and the right to control it。Finally，Higher applicability of labor transfer in service scale operations、More flexibility，You can choose to receive social services in all or part of the operation according to your needs。

　　Basic elements of bet365 champions league trust

bet365 champions league trusteeship essentially refers to the outsourcing of production services by farmers or agricultural business entities，It is the agricultural producer service industry's modern operation method that replaces the traditional operation method of small farmers。In hosted mode，Farmers will retain the management rights of the land，Entrust one or several production links to a service organization，Service organizations help farmers solve the problem of "can't do it" through large-scale production、Not good、It’s not economical” and other issues。If farmers in a certain area, such as a village collective, collectively outsource production services，The effect of continuous planting can also be achieved。In addition，bet365 champions league trusteeship is not only for farmers in bet365 champions league、species、Defense、Processing and other stages of production，It can also cover prenatal and postpartum sessions，Extended the agricultural industry chain，Expanding the scope of agricultural industry through the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries。From the perspective of various current forms of agricultural practice，bet365 champions league trusteeship is an effective form of realizing service scale operations and obtaining returns to scale，It is also an important way to guide agricultural business entities to promote the construction of social service system。

From a theoretical perspective，bet365 champions league trusteeship originates from social division of labor，It is a product of social division of labor。According to "Smith's Theorem"，When market demand reaches a certain level, specialization will occur，With the expansion of demand and market，The division of labor and specialization will continue to increase。Division of labor and specialization have greatly improved labor productivity，Is the source of economic growth。But it is generally believed that，The inherent natural attributes of bet365 champions league are obstacles to the deepening of its division of labor，Resulting in its degree of division of labor being inferior to that of industry and services，And makes agricultural labor productivity fall far behind the second place、Three industries。So，The emergence of production hosting model，Expands the scope of application of Smith’s theorem to some extent，Explain that it is also applicable to the agricultural field。Of course，This is mainly because there is a big difference between modern agricultural technology and traditional agriculture，Many agronomic and production links in modern agriculture can be separated。Anyway，Compared with "self-sufficient" bet365 champions league，The professionalization of bet365 champions league trust has been greatly deepened，The scope of the production service market has been effectively expanded，Thus improving production and transaction efficiency。

From a practical point of view，bet365 champions league hosting has obvious advantages。First，Maintaining the dominant position of rural family management。bet365 champions league trusteeship service allows farmers to no longer worry about the transfer of land management rights，Farmers can freely choose a variety of custody methods，Strong applicability，High flexibility。Secondly，Under the condition that the contractual relationship is stable，Production management through land integration and contiguous planting，Apply modern production management technology，Including comprehensive promotion of mechanization，Thus effectively reducing production costs，Achieve economies of scale。Finally，Production hosting can free labor from heavy bet365 champions league，Provide prerequisites for labor transfer and farmers to run concurrent businesses。This can not only effectively solve farmers’ farming problems，And you can obtain non-agricultural income while ensuring agricultural income for farmers，At the same time, it also opens up new ways to increase income by providing production and trusteeship services to large growers and cooperatives with modern technologies such as agricultural machinery and equipment。Also，Production hosting can also achieve relatively standardized agricultural operations，The quality of agricultural products is more guaranteed，Products are more competitive。

　Steady exploration of bet365 champions league trusteeship

Current，my country’s bet365 champions league trusteeship model mainly includes full-scale programs、Menu style、Shareholding trusteeship and other forms。Full program hosting，The hosting service provider provides farmers with full-process services from "planting" to "harvesting"，Farmers do not need to work anymore after paying service fees。Menu hosting，Farmers mainly provide pre-production services at managed service organizations based on their production needs、Free choice among intrapartum and postpartum services。Share-in-stock trusteeship converts farmers’ contracted land into shares into a share-in-stock trusteeship organization，Leave production and operation to the trusteeship organization，Get income in the form of dividends at the end of the year。What the three models have in common is to help farmers rather than replace them in completing the bet365 champions league process。

The central government has supported bet365 champions league socialization service projects through bet365 champions league development funds since 2017，Remarkable results。As of 2020，The national production and hosting service area exceeds 1.6 billion acres，The "Tunliu Model" and the "Jixian Model" formed by Shanxi's "Tian Expert" custody service model have emerged，The "Lanxi Model" of "production custody + financial insurance + food bank"，Prioritize support for the “Pear Tree Model” of business entities that apply protective farming technology，The "Yongchun Model" formed by the comprehensive management of citrus Huanglongbing has high satisfaction among a large number of people、bet365 champions league trusteeship model with great social influence。

In short，Based on the basic national conditions of our country: large population and small land，bet365 champions league trusteeship is a new form of current agricultural development、New mode，Is the way to effectively connect small farmers with modern agriculture。Currently，There are still many problems in service-scale operations with bet365 champions league trusteeship as the main form，Includes land fragmentation、The service subject is not very capable、Imperfect service market construction, etc.，Still needs to be continuously explored and improved in practice。

　(This article is a phased result of the National Social Science Fund’s major project “Research on Strategies for Improving my country’s bet365 champions league Total Factor Productivity under the New Situation” (18ZDA072)

​​(Author’s unit: School of Economics and Management, Huazhong bet365 champions league University)