June 1, 2023，General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out when inspecting the Central Pavilion of the National Version of China，The initial purpose of building the National Edition of China is at our historical stage，Collect all the data that can be collected since ancient times、Protection，Continue to inherit the only civilization in the world without interruption。Shengshi Xiu Wen，Our era，National prosperity、Social safety and stability，The willingness and ability to inherit national culture，To do this major event。June 2，General Secretary Xi Jinping inspected the Chinese History Research Institute，Emphasized when visiting the origin of civilization and the Chinese special exhibition of the house in China，Knowing the long history of Chinese civilization、Perception of Chinese culture，cannot be separated from archeology。To implement "the origin of Chinese civilization and comprehensive research on early development"、"Archaeological China" and other major projects，Do a good job of research and interpretation of the origin of Chinese civilization。At the symposium on cultural heritage，General Secretary Xi Jinping clarified the profound connotation of the five outstanding characteristics of the Chinese civilization and the "second combination"。This further inspires us to combine multidisciplinary knowledge、Method，Make full use of classics and archaeological results to conduct in -depth comprehensive research on Chinese civilization，Explain the main veins of the development of early Chinese civilization and the inheritance of modern civilization，effectively assume the new era and new cultural mission，Construction of modern civilization of the Chinese nation。

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When General Secretary Xi Jinping inspected the China Archaeological Museum of the Chinese History Research Institute，A picture of the exhibition of "Zhaiz China"，Make impressive: The physical display is Zhu Shu -bian Tao pot unearthed from Tao Temple ruins，The background shows the text of Zhu Shu on the flat pot，Very eye -catching。On the left, Zhu Shu under the foot marked the Oracle and golden texts of "Wen"，Write "One Pulse" by the side，It means "text" and oracle on the flat pottery pot、The "text" in the golden text is inherited，This has basically formed a consensus in the academic community。Zhu Shu under the right side of Zhu Shu: Is it "Yao"? Is it "Yi"?，There is Yao for this word、Yi、Tang and bet365 Play online games other different reading opinions，The academic world has not reached a consensus。

Wish to know，Tao Temple Site was excavated in large scale in the 1970s and 1980s，Getting remarkable archeological results，The discovery of the text is particularly noticeable。1986，Gao Tianlin has been in the "Excavation Work Report of Tao Temple Site Seven Years"，It is mentioned that there are words like a brush tool Zhu Shu on the abdomen of the residual flat pot，The text is clearly distinguished。January 2001，Li Jianmin published "Zhu Shu" Wen Wen "in Tao Temple Site，For the first time, the information of the flat pot Zhu Shu information is published in the world。July of the same year，Luo Yan published "Tao Temple Tao Wencao Interpretation"，Think two Zhu Shu text，Read as "昜 昜"，Among them, Tongyang，It is speculated that Tao Tao Tao Wen uses these two words and a symbol (painting industry) to describe Yao's achievements。2002，Gao Wei described in "Two Three Three Three Three Three Three Three Three Three Three Three Three Three Three Three Three Threes"，The word "text" on the front of the flat pot，The shape of the same word as Oracle、The structure is very similar，For this word is the word "text"，No obvious objection，Text of the back of the flat pot，If there is doubt。It recorded the winter of 1985，Zhang Zhengzheng thinks after seeing the line diagram and photos，"The word" text "on the flat pot) and Dawenkou Culture Tao Wen、Yinxu Oracle and the current Chinese characters belong to the same system "。Feng Shi expressed it after inspection，"Tao pot Zhu Shu‘ Wen ’characters are written on the right side of the front of the flat pot，The left half of the pot is lost，and the residual area still leaves Zhu Hong trace，May also have text in the left half of the original，So the pot surface should be written with ‘text □’，Related records indeed reflect the close contact with Xia Yu，Zhu Shu "Wen □"，This kind of contact should be expressed。

January 2002，Feng Shi in the "Wenyi" test，Read the text of the flat pot Zhu Shu text as "Wenyi"，According to Oracle Bone Wing、"Wenyi" and "Wenxia" information，Examination "Wenyi" is "Xiayi"，and demonstrate "Wenyi" as Xia Du。November 2003，He Yan published "New Exploration of Tao Temple Site Flat House Zhu Shu" Word "New Exploration"，I believe that Tao Temple culture is in the middle of the Yellow River，Generally belongs to Central Plains，Text is very likely to be the same system as the oracle and golden texts of later generations。But the image of the Zhu Shu character on the back of the flat pot is significantly different from the "昜" of Oracle and golden text，The most closer to Oracle is the word "Yao"，Zhu Shu text is likely bet365 live casino games to be "Wenyao"，And the Tao Temple site is Yao Du to participate in a certificate。，Some scholars read it as "life"、Yes (Family)、Tang et al.，Some scholars believe that Zhu Shu is a symbol rather than text。

I want，Since the announcement of Zhu Shubian Tao pot in Tao Temple，After more than 20 years of research and discussion，At present, the reading of the graphic text of the Tao Temple Zhu Shu,，Mainly 昜、Yi、Yao、Different opinions such as life，At the same time, the Tao Temple site is different from the different understanding of Yaodu or Xiadu。

　Bian Tao pot Zhu Shu new release 

The above reading of the text of Zhu Shubian pottery pot is mainly based on Zhu Shu Tao Wen and Oracle、Comparison of golden texture，Based on the word "Wen" and Oracle、Golden text is similar to，Basically reached a consensus on the study of the word "Wen"，Therefore，flat pot Zhu Shu Tao Wenwen and Oracle、Golden text belongs to the judgment of the text of the same system.。We might as well be based on this，Based on the study of former Xike，The text on the back of the Zhu Shu -bian pot pot (plane) continues to read，Promoting understanding with a view toum、Reach consensus。

By comparison，We found，Text of Zhu Shubian pottery pot plane，and Oracle、"Ling" in the golden text is more similar。The main examples of the Oracle and Golden texts of the order are shown below。

"Said the Word" interpretation of this word is: "Ling，Sending number also。From 亼、卪。""，This word is originally composed of three parts，The middle one is upper half，The lower half is the shape of a person，Human figure kneeling in an example。From the pictograph、In the meaning of the meant，Tao Temple Zhu Shu Bian Tao Potal Plane Plane Platform Tao Wen belongs to the upper circle，It should be the shape of an elephant sky，Used to represent "Sky"。"Oracle Word Forest" cloud: "Speaking text": God，Ban Ye，Supreme Supreme ... 1，Di also，The mouth of Yitian、、All shapes of the sky。Derivatively evolved to one of them，It is also the shape of heaven，Friendship with one place。"From this we can know，Flat Pottery Pot Plane CeramicsEarly form of Xiangtian's shape。Ancient text evolution has a process，With the evolution of the concept of people from destiny to life，The glyphs will also be ordered to change from heaven to the ancestor (God Lord), who was ordered by the ancestral temple，Therefore，Order fromThe process of evolving from 亼,、亼 symbolizes heaven and god。In the concept of the ancients，Heaven and God are higher than all beings and can inspect all the business，The ancients thought the destiny、God's life cannot be violated。"Oracle Word Forest" Remembering bet365 live casino games Luo Zhenyu Case: "Ancient texts from 亼、People，Joint people and commands，Therefore, the ancient order and the presence and the word are the same friend。"Bian Tao pot Plane Zhushu text is composed of the shape of Xiangtian and kneeling humanoid，Indicates that people respect the destiny。Therefore，Zhu Shu Bian Tao Pot Plane Platform Tao Wen Dang as an early form of the word "Ling"。

Ancient texts and fate are the same word，"Wen Ling" later document is written as "Wen Ming"，That is Yu name。Herbal Document Ji Yu as the descendant of Huangdi。"The Book of Dai Dai Rites · Five Emperor" quotes Confucius: "Grand Sun，The son of the 鲧，Yue Wen Ming。"Historical Records of Xia Benji" contains: "Xia Yu，Destiny。The father of Yu said，The father of 鲧 鲧 颛 颛，The father of 颛顼 颛顼，The father of Changyi said Huangdi。"Yu Yinyin Water successfully，Self -visual ordered to be in heaven。Ancient Ben "Bamboo Book Jury" cloud: "Yu Hui's princes in Tu Shan。South Tour Hunt，Jijiang，There are two yellow dragon negative boats in the middle flow，The boat people are afraid。Yu Xiao said: I am ordered to be in the sky，flexion to support people。Sheng，sex also; Death，Life also。奚 哉。"Yu suffocated destiny to cure water，Dade with the people as the public as a biography。Western Zhou Dynasty Gong Ying Ming is engraved with: "Tianling (Destiny) Yu Yan (Apply) soil，隓 (fall) Shan Junchuan，Nai Li Fang set a sign，During the people's supervision，，Men Cheng's parents，Born My Wang Zuochen。Jue Guiwei，Minhao Mingde，Sorry in the world，Use Jue Shaohao，Yiqiu Dede。"In the Western Zhou Dynasty, people still believed in Yu to suffer from heaven on the one hand;，Worrying with the world。Inscription describes Destiny Dayu to control water，Yu Yin has a square，Its words can be credible，Adactions to local conditions，Make people live and work in peace，Become the King of the People。Li Xueqin believes it，Yu is the founder of the Xia Dynasty。"The Book of Dai Dai Rites · Five Emperor" Ji Yu "Min to Keji，It does not return its virtue，Its benevolence can be kissed，Its words can be credible，Sound is law，As a degree，Calculating the above scholars，亹亹 Mu Mu，For the Outline。Tour Kyushu，Tong Jiu Road，Sakura Jiuze，Jiushan。Ping Kyushu，For the parents of the people，Left quasi -rope，Right rules，Four pm，According to the four seas，Ping Kyushu，Wear Nine Days，Bright Er Eyes，Govern the World "。From Yu's "suffering from heaven", "destiny Yu", "God Lord，Key expressions such as the parents of the people "and" rule the world "，It can be seen that the lofty status of Yu at that time was established bet365 Play online games from the aspects of destiny and World Gong。"Zuo Zhuan" records: "Yu Hui's princes in Tu Mountain，Perseverance of Jade。"" This explanation，Tu Shanhui League marks that Yu becomes the length of the princes，With the status and status of the emperor (king)。Therefore，Tao Temple flat pottery pot Zhu Shu "Wen Ling" is the original name of the founder of Xia Wangguo。

　Bian Tao pot why Zhu Shu "Wen Ling" 

According to the above -mentioned Li Jianmin's article introduction，Tao Temple Zhushu text carrier is a broken piece of the late flat pot of Tao Temple culture，The gray pit unearthed in the old area III H3403。The text is Zhu Shu，A broken flat pot written in the gray pit with a brush tool，This flat pot is stored and some abdominal tablets，Mud gray pottery，Luxury mouth，Clamping neck，The division of the neck and belly is obvious，Slightly flat on the abdomen，Obvious drum convex on the other side，鋬 鋬，Double 鋬 connected to the side of the mouth of the mouth。Energy -decorated vertical stripes。Zhu Shu's "Wen" character is on the side of the flat pot drum; there are still two Zhu Shu symbols on the flat side。Dispel the edge of the flat pot residue, apply Zhu Yizhu for a week。

Tian Jianwen believes in "I see Zhu Shu Bian pot unearthed from Tao Temple site"，This flat pot and its ash pit have entered the scope of 2000 BC，This is the premise of studying the text on this flat pot。So far，I didn’t see the phenomenon of applying Zhu on the flat pot，This determines that this flat pot residue is painted with Zhu Yizhou and front、Two or three words written on the back are two behaviors of different natures。The so -called flat pot of Zhu Shu text，Except for divination or sacrifice category，No words。

But，According to the above information judgment，Zhu Shu Bian pottery pot is likely to be used for funeral rituals。This is closely related to the following points。It one，Tao Temple Zhu Shu Bian Tao pot is mud gray pottery，Make rough，and found in the gray pit，The custom that is in line with the simplicity of the funeral utensils in ancient times and the custom of burning utensils for the deceased。Its two，Bian Tao pot Zhu Shu text is written in cinnabar，This is similar to the name of the deceased in ancient burial utensils。Three，The shape of the flat pottery pot is unique，Have special meanings。Tao Temple flat pottery pot is plane，Slightly concave place，The other side of the drum bump，or symbolize the world，Planes and Elephant Earth，Drum convex abdomen elephant Tianyuan。Tao Temple flat pottery pot Zhu Shuyu name and broken Yuan Tu Zhu，or a funeral dedicated utensil for Yute。On Yu's funeral ritual，As a special ritual，When sending utensils for Yu burning，bet365 live casino games Break the flat pot potter together。Similar to this，In the tomb of Yangshao Culture，There is a broken pottery as a funeral。time to this day，In Shanxi, my country、Shaanxi、Henan、Shandong、In the funeral rituals of many regions such as Inner Mongolia，Still retaining the pottery tank during the funeral、The custom of the tile pot。Crimizing edge Tu Zhu，Or a special logo for Yu name for the special person before the death，The meaning of Yu's soul will be promoted by the king of the person to the Lord。Old time，Before the Shanxi people are out of their birth，There is a "Lord" ceremony。Add a little to the word "Wang" with cinnabar with pens，"Point Lord" is also called "Cheng Lord"，The deceased is promoted to the god。，The custom of the eldest son or tile pot，In front of the coffin，The eldest son kneels to lift the pottery pot to the top of the head，Then break the pot to break the ground，Break as auspicious。Persons are usually the eldest son or grandson of the deceased，It means that the son -in -law's father's business。

If these customs are passed down from ancient times，Perhaps it is not groundless。The image of the eldest son kneeling to lift the pottery pot，Like the original shape of the word "Ling" of Zhu Shu Bian pot pot。Know in the same way，In Chinese history，The literature clearly records the child inheritance、The hereditary king is Yu Ziqi，The hereditary system has also become a logo established by the early Kingdom。The foundation of the Xia Dynasty is established by Yu，The foundation is laid in the Yaoshun period。Archaeologist Su Bingqi once commented: "Tao Temple culture not only reached the" Fang Guo "era in the later stages of society than Hongshan culture，and established the central position of the country at the time，It is equivalent to the Yao and Shun era in ancient history，That is, the earliest ‘China’ appeared in the pre -Qin history books，Lile the foundation of Huaxia。”

Xia Qi inherited Yuye's time with the late Temple Culture's late time.。Excavation report according to Tao Temple archeological excavation，The late period of Tao Temple culture was from 2300 BC to 1900 BC，If in the literature, Yao, Shun Yu's synonyms are concerned，Tao Temple Culture Early and Late Issue Three Phase III, including the Yao Shun Yu period and the early days of Qi。"Historical Records" contains: Yu Zhishui，"Walking from Jizhou"。Ji Kong An Guo said: Jizhou，"Yao Duyou"。"Zhou Li Justice" records: "Yaodu Pingyang，Shundu Pasaka，Yudu Jinyang，All in the domain of Jizhou。"" Zhou Li Justice "contains:" Yu suffers from Zen Du Pingyang，Or Yu Anyi or Yu Jinyang，and the Emperor's Du Pingyang。Bet365 app download "Zhou Li Note" Zai Ziyun: "The three generations are different，Different trees suitable for。Xiaju Pingyang Yisong，Yinju Yibai，Zhou Juhao Jingyi Li。""，​​The same as the place where Yaodu is located，Pingyang is also the early capital of the Xia Dynasty。Tao Temple site excavated the unprecedented city site that is unprecedented with the kingdom、The tomb that matches it、The earliest viewing table in the world、The magnificent Gongcheng Palace、Independent warehousing area、The official manual area management area, etc.，Show the Qi Pai of the first king of Huaxia。Tao Temple Culture Late Castle Fack，or related to Xiaqian Capital Henan Luoyang，Tao Temple area is no longer used as a king capital，Fast due to abandonment。，The "in the world" of Miyako China shifted from Tao Temple to Luoyang。But，This does not wear the unique historical status of Tao Temple as the first capital of Huaxia。

"Wen Ling" upper and down，Huaxia Earth ushered in the dawn of the kingdom civilization。Tao Temple Zhu Shubian's text on the pottery pot is a mature text of nearly 800 years earlier than Oracle，The text we use today is evolved from this，The veins are clearly visible，This shows that the Chinese civilization is continuous、The prominent feature of the strong toughness。This also fully proves the important assertion of General Secretary Xi Jinping: "Chinese civilization has outstanding continuity，Fundamentally determines that the Chinese nation must take its own way。If you do not from the historic continuity of the long history, you will know China，It is impossible to understand ancient China，It is impossible to understand modern China，It is impossible to understand ancient China。”

　(Author is an associate professor at the University of China)