Different nationality、People with cultural backgrounds look at the angle of things、Methods are also different，Can reflect the different ways of thinking。In Chinese people's way of thinking，There is a unique "class" thinking，is a thinking form or way of thinking based on the concept of "class"。This Bet365 lotto review way of thinking focuses on "attracting and extending，Touching class and long "(" Zhouyi · Department of Ci ")，From Xiaojian Big，From this to each other，Touch by bypass。

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"Class" thinking is widely used in ancient Chinese culture。For example，Urchattering the inner structure of the universe of the heaven and earth with the five elements of yin and yang，Represents and explain nature and social phenomena with gossip，Push thoughts of the pre -Qin sons，etc.，can all reflect the influence of "class" thinking。"Class" thinking is particularly impact on ancient Chinese logical thinking，"Mo Debate · Big Get" proposed，"Husband Cry，Breeding for the old，，Yixing also "。For this kind of class -based、The inference process of Liquida's theory，"Bottom" is called "push"。Reasoning between classes and classes，is the push class，Become a leading reasoning form in ancient Chinese logic。"Class" thinking integrates people's thinking habits，It has had a huge impact in the history of Chinese civilization for thousands of years，For example，Chinese medicine with water between heaven and earth、Qi、Cloud、Rain lifting conversion transitions，Establish a hypothesis for the transformation of human essence and qi and blood。And this "class" thinking has begun to see the words from Chinese characters。

Chinese characters are a pictographic meaning bet365 best casino games text，Different from Western phonetic text，Chinese characters themselves can contact the concepts they express，Corresponding to the form and meaning，It contains information available for analysis。From Chinese characters, it can reflect the way of thinking with Chinese characteristics。Oracle is the early text of China，It is also the oldest mature text in China，We take Oracle as an example，Analyze the "class" thinking reflected in the creation。

The ancients summarized the Chinese characters into six types，Generally known as "Six Books"，That is "phenomenon、refers to things、I like、Sound sound、Transfer、Fake borrowing "。These six methods are not available before the word creation，Instead, it is summarized and summarized by the descendants' writers。"Six Books" was first seen in "Zhou Li · Di Guan · Bao's":，And the nation -to -country son is used for the way，The six arts of the teaching ...，Sixth Nine Nine times。"But the book does not introduce the content of the six books。After the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Ye explained in "Seven Strategy": "The ancients entered elementary school at the age of eight，Therefore, Zhou Guan Ba's palm is supporting Guozi，Teaching Six Books，Pitch、Elephant、Illness、Xiangsheng、Transfer、Fake borrowing，The foundation of the word creation also。"Xu Shen, the Eastern Han Dynasty, introduced it in detail in" Speaking and Syrerities "。The word "fake borrowing" in "Six Books" is based on the existing sound of the same or near -sounding.，"Reverse betting" refers to the mutual "betting" relationship between the two Chinese characters，Both are not methods for creating new words。"Page", "Fingering", "Idea", "Sound", the four books are the basic means to create new characters。

　Oracle Word Word Methods reflect thinking changes

"Pitch" is a common way of making words in Oracle，Xu Shen concluded: "Pitch，Express with your body，Express with your body，Bet365 app download Sun Moon is also。"is to create words by describing the shape of things。Legend，The basis for making characters in Cangjie，Is Mo Lue All things，Draw their pattern according to the image of things，This is what we call "pictograph"。

In Oracle，There are a lot of pictographs，For example, "Mountain、Water、Day、Month ", etc.:、、、。Similar pictographs pass through the natural shape，Reading a presentation of an intuitive appearance。On this basis, some pictographs surpass the intuitive description of the overall natural shape，Start focusing on the description of the characteristics of things。For example, "cattle" and "sheep":、。"Cow" and "Sheep" Oracle text and "Mountain、Water、Day、Month "is purely described in different shapes，The whole has begun to appear、Describe the trend of characteristics。The word "sheep" looks like the shape of the sheep horns and the shape of the four feet，The word "cow" looks like a horn and a four -footed shape。It can be seen in the process of "cattle" and "sheep"，I already have some thoughts that symbolize the whole。

In addition，You can also see the beginning of "class" thinking。We take "Dog" and "Horse" as an example to compare the instructions。"Dog" and "Horse" Oracle:、，Still focusing on the overall image of describing dogs and horses，and the Oracle of "Cow" and "Sheep" not only realizes the progress of the portrayal of the characteristics of the overall selection，and start to classify the same species，means that the two are the same category with the same structure。such as "cow" and "sheep" Oracle -shaped lower parts are all like four feet and tails，to show that they belong to the category of the same four -foot beast。

Different from the pictograph "Draw it"，"Fingers" is an abstract word -making method。From Xu Shen's view，"Refers to the person，Avario -recognition，Increased intent，up and down is also "。Refers to the words marked by the words are bet365 Play online games an abstract concept，Invisible image，Just use a abstract symbol to express。Although it means that the words are not as easy to understand，But the word means that the word is symbolic or indicated to represent its meaning，Fine observation，can understand the meaning of word creation，such as "up" and "lower":、。Use a curve as boundary，Use a short -term indication up and down position on it and under it。

In addition to this finger word composed of pure symbolic symbols，Another category is to increase the prompt symbol to form a new word on the basis of pictographs，For example, "also", "Blade", "Gan":、、。"Ye" is the first text of the word "armpit"，The word "also" is to add short strokes in the two armpites of the word "human"; add a little bit of the word "blade" to the front of the word "knife"，Indicates the knife mouth; the word "Gan" adds a little bit to the word "mouth"，Indicates that the food contains sweet food。The word "Fingers" fully reflects the imagination in the process of making and the ability of Lenovo。

The word creation process of the meaning of the word can reflect the rich "class" thinking。Speaking in "Speaking Words and Syrelations"，Bi -category，Bi -category，See finger，Wu、Letter is also "。The meaning of the same kind of words is about to row the ratio，The meaning of the total conjunction，Become a meaningful word，This method can show what this word refers to。For example, the word "Wu" and "Xin"，The meaning of the word "stop" and "Ge" becomes the word "Wu"，The word "people" and "words" becomes the word "letter"。

In addition to the word "comparison" when creating words，The characteristics of the same class appear on their glyphs。For example, "Home", "Su", "Ann":、、。The same structure corresponds to the same meaning，The upper part of the ""all means the meaning of" inside the house "。It can be seen that the same or similar structure has begun to indicate the same meaning in the word bet365 Play online games manufacturing of the word meaning，A tendency to classify。

In the metaphysical word，This tendency is more obvious。"Speaking Words and Syllarstes" Anyone -made word -making method，"Sounds，Name for things，Take the case，Jianghe is also "。It is combined with a side of the pronunciation and a meaning of a meaningful righteousness in a word，Just like "Jiang" and "River"，Among them, the part on the right "work" and "Ke" represent the pronunciation，The "water" on the left means meaning，And this representative of the signs divided the metaphysical characters into different types，Expressing different categories。For example, "Jiang" and "River" are related to water，All are water。There are many shapes in Oracle，For example, "Bai", "Qi", and "handle" that belong to the "wood" category:、、。They are all like the "wood" shape，Indicates the same belonging to "wood" category。Another example is "wolf", "taun", "still" that belong to the beast:、、。

Oracle Word Welfare Methods are many and complicated，Can't do it。But through the above analysis，We can see changes in the way of thinking embodied in the method of writing of Oracle。Description of the natural shape from the pictograph，To the use of symbolic symbols in the words of things，Destiny word、Classification methods and thoughts embodied in metaphysics，Start showing the impact of imagery thinking。Until the earliest dictionary "Eria" in China, all things are divided into 19 major categories、2091 entries，"Class" thinking has been displayed to the fullest，Chinese characters become a medium，It constitutes a complete cognitive system that people know the world。

　　"Class" thinking for pushing inference form

"Class" thinking shows the characteristics of ancient Chinese thinking methods，It has also created a form of reasoning dominated by ancient Chinese logic -push class。Push class is based on the same relationship between things or phenomena.，It pays more attention bet365 live casino games to the substantial content and persuasion effect of reasoning。Different in reasoning with ancient Greek Aristoto，There is no strict normative form for push class，Its conclusions are not necessarily inevitable。It is necessary，Similar to things、Similar、Thinking activity process based on the same type。For example, the finger word in the word making method、Words, etc.，All used this way of thinking。Another extension of Chinese characters，Chinese characters have been produced to this day，experienced a long development and evolution process。Many Chinese characters have added many new extension meaning on the basis of the original meaning。8822_8835，For example, the Oracle of the word "Dao" is:。Original meaning is the Avenue of the Four Disers，Later was extended to run orbit of everything，Have the rules of indicating nature、The basis for changes、Non -born and immortal、invisible image、The concepts of rich connotations such as unchanged eternal。

We can see，The process of pushing from the original meaning to the extension of the righteousness，From the avenue of people to the natural laws of all things running，The two have the same relationship，Therefore, it can be extended。This way of reasoning is push category，Different from analogy reasoning。"Mencius · Tzuzi" said，"Therefore, all kinds of the same kind，Similarly ";" Scripture "also said，"There is the same，Similarly "。"Class" category is very broad，For example, use gossip to symbolize all natural phenomena and social phenomena，Take "dry" hexagram as an example，"Zhouyi · Said Gua" summarizes things that belong to "dry": "dry is the sky，is circle，For Jun，For the father，for jade，for gold，Cold，Ice，For Da Chi，For Liangma ... for wood fruit "。As long as you have resolute、冰、Salvation and other attributes，can be attributed to the range of "dry" category。This Bet365 lotto review way of thinking focuses on using sensory，There is a intuitive thing for the overall thing、Like contact，Let's understand and express its inner、Like contact。

The "class" thinking reflected in the method of writing，and associated thinking with its inseparable relationship，It becomes a common and unique way of thinking in ancient China。A reasonable way to appear affected by the "class" thinking -push class，It is a logical reasoning form that belongs to the Chinese thinking mode。

　　(Author Unit: School of Philosophy of Nankai University)