"Xunzi · Fei Twelve Son" clearly pointed out the Zisi、Mencius's five elements came from Confucius and Ziyou，This shows that the child travel is the intermediate link of the five elements between Confucius and Simeng.。The Five Elements of Confucius' Thoughts in Confucius are seen in the "Rites"，Among them, the way of operation of Confucius' rituals of Confucius to Ziyou。Zheng Xuan's "Three Rites Catalogs" Cloud: "Name" Rites "，Remember the five emperors and three kings to change.，Yin and Yang Rotary Road。"Kong Yingda's" Book of Rites "said:" The operation of the ritual of the child asked what the ritual was said，Therefore, "Rites" as the beyond ears。"Gift，Refers to the way of national and social governance。Confucius inspected the development and changes of national and social governance since the five emperors and three kings。The core point of "Rites" is "husband ritual，The first king is inherited the heavenly way，To rule people's feelings "，Da Tian Dao，Lower Personal Love，Permishes the hearts of the vulnerable heaven and dangerous people。Confucius believes that humanity imitates heaven and moves，and Tiandao operates in accordance with the laws of the five elements of gold, wood, water, fire, and soil，So the gift also runs in accordance with the laws of the five elements，The law of rituals can be summarized as follows: Li Yi Xue Renle Five Elements。Confucius specially taught this five elements to Ziyou，The latter records it，Is "Rites"。It can be said，"Rites" is Confucius "Timetable for Heaven and Man，The "Family" formed by the change of ancient and modern "，Represents the highest meaning of Confucius thought。Zigong said: "Master's article，bet365 best casino games You can smell it; Master's words and heaven，Can't smell it。"In fact, Confucius is not self -evident and heaven，I just didn't pass it to Zigong，instead passed to Ziyou。So，Why does Confucius teach the meaning of the courtesy to Ziyou，instead of other disciples?

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Most of the literature on related sub -travel、Xi Li、Ceremony related。"Corpse": "Zhong Ni is unwilling to stand up to Zi Lu，Instrument does not repair Gongxi Hua，Rites without having to travel to the servant，If you don't distinguish my servant，Destiny, ancient and modern Yan Huiwa，Section small object Ran Bo Niu Shi，Said: ‘I am a husband and six sons。'"In Kongmen disciples，The ritual of Ziyou is the most reliable for the teacher。"Book of Rites · Tan Gong" upper and lower two articles record the story of Ziyou 14，All about him in life、Ceremony、Cultivation，From this we can see that the degree of specialty of the children's pair of rituals is better than Zixia、Zengzi、Youzi and others are high。

Shen Deqian's "Wu Gong Ancestral Hall": "The literature of Ziyou sees it with Xi Li。Read "Tan Gong" up and down the two articles，At that time, the officials of the Gongqing Martial Arts Lisao，The words of the sub -tourism think that the weight is light，Therefore, self -discussions are small and indoor，Great Convergence East Step，and Tao Yong still has no various festivals，There are four four in the middle，and it is not enough for others，Weixianzi ‘Uncle 哉’ 言，Then his life is well known。"" In the "Words"，Ziyou went to Lunan because Lu Sikou "Eat and Eroli"，As a result, the tragedy of the son of Ziyou was hungry and died，This incident can also be seen in the child travel practice ceremony、Decision of the gift。But，Compared with Zixia，The basis of Ziyou He Gift，instead of etiquette details。"The Analects of Confucius · Zi Zhang" records: "Ziyou said:‘ ‘Zixiamen’ bet365 live casino games s boy kid，Dang Sprinkle、Council、advance and retreat，。也 也，None of the book。What is it? ‘” Zixiamen Renboy Sprinkle and scan、Details of such gifts，The quilt traveled to the end of courtesy。So in the heart of Ziyou，What is the foundation of gifts? What are the characteristics of the rituals of Ziyou?

The source of the exploration ceremony from heaven

The gift of Ziyou noticed the three pairs of relationships: First, the relationship between gifts and Tao。The origin and connotation of Ziyou can from the height of heaven。"The Analects of Confucius · Yang Shin" contains: Zizhizheng，Sound of String Song。Laughing and laughing，Said: "Cut the chicken with a cattle knife?" Ziyou said: "The past people also heard the masters:，Villagers learn the way, it is easy to also。"The son said:" Two or three! It's also。Ear of the preface。”

Sub -use ritual and music enlighten people，The ridicule of Confucius "cut the chicken and use a cattle knife"，He can be from "Gentleman's Tao, but loves people，The height of villain learning is easy to answer Confucius。"Taoist also，Tiandao also "，"Zhuangzi · Tiandao" said: "，First tomorrow and morality。"Road，The first refers to "the way of the sky"，Then expand and refer to "the way of human beings"。Ziyou realizes that heaven is the origin of gift，Tiandao can guide the trip of ritual and music，Lile and Music can promote the Tao; Tao is the connotation and essence of ritual，Rites and music are the form and way of practicing roads，This is the relationship between ritual and Tao。Because Ziyou pays special attention to the relationship between ritual and natural nature，Do not go to the disciples of Kongmen，Therefore, it is also called "Hongdao School"。Ziyou The Ceremonial Rites on the Tao，Find a metaphysical cosmic theory based on the practice of ritual and music to teach the people.，This is with Taoist、The focus of the yin and yang family is intersection。

　　Pay attention to the purpose of Yida Ren

bet365 live casino games The second is the relationship between ritual and benevolence。In the above examples，The purpose of the people to use the ritual and music to teach the people is "lover"。What is "love"? Confucius said，"Benevolence，Lover "。"Said Garden · Guide" records: "Ji Kangzi said that Ziyou said:‘ benevolent lover? ’Ziyou said:‘ Ran。’‘ people also love it? ‘Ziyou said:‘ Ran ’。Visible，Ziyou inherited the Confucius "benevolent，Love Man "thought。Ziyou String Ge Wucheng is hoping to use external ritual and music，Let the human body stick the heavens，and make it deeply rooted in people's hearts，The purpose of "benevolence" in the end。From Li to Ren，The process that needs to be learned，The path of "Li -Learning -Ren" reflects the logic path of the child's thought from the outside king to the inner sanctuary，This is also consistent with the "self -denial and reunion" mentioned by Confucius。Confucius repeatedly discussed the relationship between the two core concepts of "Li" and "Ren"，"Book of Rites · Zhongni Yanju"、Zi Zhang、Zigong served when Zhongni Yanju，Speaking as to ritual，Special Talking about Suburban Society for Ziyou、Taste、Feed、Shooting Township、The essence of benevolence behind the five kinds of rituals，"The meaning of the suburbs，So the ghosts and gods are also;，So Ren Zhaomu is also;，So the death of the benevolence; the gift of shooting the hometown，So Renxiang Party also; the gift of food，So the guests also "。other，Confucius also talked about the spirit of love reflected in the gift of the two monarchs: Meet the two monarchs，揖 Let's get started，Getting Started and County Xing。揖 Ask and rise to the hall，Shengtang and happy。Under the pipe Xiangwu，Prepare its hundred officials。Chen Qi's recommendation，Preface to Ritual and Music，Prepare its hundred officials。So，Then the Bet365 app download gentleman knows the benevolent。

There are more gifts for sub -tourism，and advocate practice ceremony，But here，Li is just a way and a way，His ultimate purpose is to achieve "benevolence"，This makes it different from the "difficult" Zi Zhang。Ziyou once evaluated Zishang with "Weiren"，"My friend Zhang Ye，Capable，But Weiren "。Confucius has also evaluated Zi Zhang's "division is also remote"; Zigong once quoted Confucius evaluation Ziyu, "，If the people are not disadvantaged, the people will be benevolent。"Confucius also believes that Zi Zhang did not reach the realm of" benevolence "，The reason lies in "disadvantages"。This does not match the purpose of "love" in the idea of ​​"lover".，So he thinks the son Zhang Biren。

　　The function of implementing rituals from the love of people

Third is the relationship between courtesy and love。Among the pre -Qin sons，Ziyou is a rare positive discussion "love"，He believes that courtesy is closely related to human feelings: the role of etiquette is control、Adjustment of humanity。"Book of Rites · Tan Gong" contains: Youzi and Ziyou Li，See the sister -in -law，Youzi and Ziyou said: "Yu Yi knows the husband's mourning，For a long time to go。Love lies in Sri Lanka，It is also husband。"Ziyou said:" The gift has micro -love，There are those who have stressed things。There is a straightforward and traveled person，Rongdi Tao also。Rites are not，People are happy to Settao，Tao Siyong，Yongsan，Qis Sigh，Dance，愠，Qis Sigh，Sigh，Pian Si，Pinjo，Si Zhizhi。”

Youzi wants to remove the "踊" gift，Ziyou explanation saying that rituals are regulating people's feelings，For over -sad people，The role of gifts is to control their grief，"Mourning to Sorrow"，Avoid damage to the body due to excessive sorrow; for those who have no sadness，Gift made him put on filial piety，to cause the inner sadness。When people are angry，bet365 best casino games Emotions pass through 愠 — Qi — San — 辟 — 踊，Get relieved。踊 is a manifestation of anger，It is a natural expression of emotion。Similar words are also found in the unearthed literature Guogian bamboo slips "Sexuality" and Shangbo Jian's "Sexual Temperament Theory": Heis，慆，Feni Yong，Yongsan，Qis Sigh。Dance，End of the Hi Zhi。愠，worrying，Qis Sigh，Sigh，Tong Stone。Tong，愠。

Compare the above two quotes，The unearthed literature can be mistaken for schools，Sonbo "Dance Siyi，愠 戚 戚 "as" dance，End of the Hi Zhi。愠，worrying Qi "。Many scholars today determine that "Sexual Fate" is determined by the similarity of the "Book of Rites and Tan Gong" in this paragraph。"Sexual Fate" also said: "The ritual is in love，Profit reasonable。It is made due to the party，The order of its sequence is also righteous。Orderly festival，。To the appearance, so text，Section also。"" Rites and music out of love，Confusion in turn and can be affectionate、Love。Ziyou advocates "Festival"，instead of "extinguishing"，Profit reasonable、Fully express feelings，This is consistent with the "Literature of Huainanzi · Qi Qi Training"，and Song Ru's "Stocking Heaven，Different Desire for Man "。

Another，"Book of Rites · Zhongni Yanju" also records Confucius as a son Zhang、Zigong、"Zhouliu" and "System Features"。Confucius said: "My language is a gift!，All everywhere。"" also cloud: "Li Huoli，Fu Li so also。"" "Weekly flow" refers to the operating characteristics of the cycle of rituals，The cycle of the four elements of the heavens，Explain that the gift book originated from heaven，It has the characteristics of rotating with yin and yang; "ritual and so in the system" refers to the role of governance of ritual; "middle" refers to the center，That is the inner temperament。These are the theme of "Fortune" "Husband Rites，The first bet365 best casino games king of the king is inherited，The feeling of the person "is the same，It can be seen from it that Confucius has talked about "ritual" more than once。

Because Ziyou shows the elder with Xiwi，The source of the exploration ceremony from the heavens，The function of implementing rituals from the love of people，Pay attention to the purpose of Yida Ren，The operating characteristics of "Zhouliu"，So Confucius knows that he can ritual with his son。"Mencius" said: "Zixia、Ziyou、Zi Zhang has one of the saints。"" Among the three，Ziyou's most essence and great purpose of Confucius' ritual thoughts，Therefore, the five -element thought of the Confucius' ritual operation of the Confucius。

　　(Author Unit: Qilu Cultural Research Institute of Shandong Normal University)