In "The Chapters of King Hui of Liang", Mencius further explores the universal human basis of benevolent government and kingship based on the compassion of King Xuan of Qi,From "Everyone can be a saint" to "Every king can be a saint king",Encourage King Xuan of Qi to show kindness to the bet365 bonus code pa,Have fun with the bet365 bonus code pa,Thus "ruling the world"。So,“Having fun with the bet365 bonus code pa” can be said to be the core meaning of Mencius’ thought on benevolent government。The essence of "having fun with the bet365 bonus code pa" is "nurturing the bet365 bonus code pa"。About “nurturing the bet365 bonus code pa”,Pre-Qin Confucianism has a clear formulation,As in "The Analects of Confucius Gongye Chang" "It also benefits the bet365 bonus code pa,It makes the bet365 bonus code pa righteous”;"Xunzi: Prospering the Country" "Taking care of affairs to support the bet365 bonus code pa"。"Confucius' Family Sayings: Five Etiquette Interpretations" even has a saying about "the way to nourish the bet365 bonus code pa",Elevating “supporting the bet365 bonus code pa” to the level of political science。Although there is no word "nurturing the bet365 bonus code pa" in the book "Mencius",But "Liang Hui Wang Zhang Ju" points out,The king should implement benevolent government,"Enable bet365 bonus code pa to live and die without regrets",I think this is the "beginning of the king's way"。This statement is a typical concept of "supporting the bet365 bonus code pa",And implement Mencius’ political philosophy and political ethics from beginning to end。
Then,How should a monarch “support the bet365 bonus code pa”?Comprehensive view of the book "Mencius",It can be seen that the specific measures for "nurturing the bet365 bonus code pa" generally have two aspects: one is "the property of the bet365 bonus code pa",Meet the basic material needs of the bet365 bonus code pa,Practice material "support";The second is to educate bet365 bonus code pa on etiquette and morality,Guide bet365 bonus code pa to do good,Provide moral "education" to the bet365 bonus code pa。
Product that controls the bet365 bonus code pa
Mencius said: "Those who do not have permanent property but have perseverance,Only the wise are capable。Ruo Min,There is no permanent output,Because of lack of perseverance。Gou Wuhengxin,Warning off evil spirits,Nothing is wrong。And fall into sin,Then punish him,It’s a waste of the bet365 bonus code pa。How can a benevolent person in power do anything but ignore the bet365 bonus code pa?This is the product of a wise king ruling the bet365 bonus code pa,Make sure you are able to serve your parents,Submissive enough to feed your wife,A happy old age and a full life,Saved from death in a bad year;Then drive the good,It is easy for the bet365 bonus code pa to obey it。" ("The Chapter of King Hui of Liang") Mencius clearly pointed out here,For ordinary bet365 bonus code pa,Without permanent income, there is no perseverance,Stable material life security is the basis for the development of stable values,If you want to “drive out the good”,Let them know benevolence and righteousness,Xing filial piety,You must have "constant production"。And the bet365 bonus code pa’s constant wealth is obtained,It is decided and arranged by the monarch。We can clearly see this from the use of the words "zhi" in Mencius' "controlling the bet365 bonus code pa's property" and the following "make",Mencius had a clear understanding of the determining mechanism of bet365 bonus code pa’s living standards,That is, what is the living standard of the bet365 bonus code pa,It is pre-designed and decided by the ruler in the formulation of basic national policies。If the bet365 bonus code pa after doing their own personal efforts,It is still difficult to obtain stable life security,Then it should be understood that the problem lies in the fact that the rulers do not have the desire to "constant property" among the bet365 bonus code pa,So there is no "product that controls the bet365 bonus code pa"。
Then,What are the specific strategies and measures for “controlling bet365 bonus code pa’s property”?Agriculture for the bet365 bonus code pa、Fishing and other production activities,Mencius said: "Do not violate the farming season,The grain cannot be eaten;Several grains cannot enter the pond,Fish and turtles are inedible;Enter the forest with a pound of ax,The wood is not suitable for use。Grain, fish and turtles are inedible,The wood is useless,It is to enable the bet365 bonus code pa to live and die without regret。Keep in good health and die without regrets,The beginning of the kingly way。"("The Chapter of King Hui of Liang") here,On the one hand, Mencius asked the monarch to "do not violate the farming season" when leading the bet365 bonus code pa to carry out agricultural production,Strictly follow the seasons;At the same time, it also emphasizes that attention should be paid to maintaining ecological balance in production activities such as fishery and forestry,Enable the sustainable development of fishery resources and forestry resources。So,All bet365 bonus code pa will be effectively guaranteed their basic living necessities。
Also,In specific aspects of family production and life,Mencius also put forward relatively clear guiding opinions: "A house of five acres,Tree with mulberry,If you are fifty, you can wear silk clothes。Chickens, dolphins, dogs and pigs,No time lost,Those in their 70s can eat meat。Hundred Acres of Field,Don’t seize the moment,A family of eight can live without hunger。" ("The Chapter of King Hui of Liang") in Mencius's design,Each family is allocated five acres of homestead land,On this family-owned land,You can plant large mulberry trees around your house,Raising silkworms and weaving silk,Feeding pigs and raising chickens,It’s enough to make the elders wear clothes and eat meat。In the well-field system,One hundred acres of farmland per household,As long as we can ensure that bet365 bonus code pa produce on time,It’s enough to feed a family of eight。The wealth and peace described in this passage from Mencius、Picture of self-sufficient family life,In fact, it is the most attractive life dream for ordinary bet365 bonus code pa in the era of traditional Chinese small-scale farmers’ natural economy。
In the discussion with King Xuan of Qi about "royal politics",Mencius takes King Wen’s rule of Qi as an example,It also provided King Xuan of Qi with specific reference on how to control the bet365 bonus code pa's property: "In the past, King Wen governed Qiye,Tiller Ninety One,Shilu the official,The city is ridiculing but not conquering,Ze Liang Wu Ban,Sinners never die。Old and without a wife is called a widower,Being old and without a husband is called a widow,Being old and without children means being alone,A child without a father is called an orphan。These four,The poor bet365 bonus code pa in the world have no complaints。King Wen issued a policy to benevolent,The Four Must Be First。"("The Second Chapter of King Hui of Liang") Cultivator、official、Guanshi、Ze Liang、Sinner,Mencius’s benevolent policy proposal based on King Wen’s incident basically brought bet365 bonus code pa from all walks of life and professions into consideration,Even sinners are covered,And gave specific opinions,Special emphasis is placed on the issue of priority protection for widowers and lonely bet365 bonus code pa。
Overall view,Mencius’ policy design on how to “control the bet365 bonus code pa’s property” can be roughly divided into three levels: First, the protection of natural ecology,The second is the arrangement of family production,The third is the guarantee of social welfare。
Educate after getting rich
The term "rich and then educated" was first seen in "Lunheng·Questioning Confucius": "Zi Shiwei,Ran Zipu。Confucius said: ‘You are a common man’!’ said: ‘I am a commoner’,What’s more??’ said: ‘Rich’。Said: ‘Now that we are rich’,What’s more??’ said: ‘Teach it。’Yu Ranzi first gets rich and then teaches him。"It can be seen that after the bet365 bonus code pa have better material life security, they will focus on moral education,This is the consistent political stance of Pre-Qin Confucianism。
After Mencius talked about "the property of controlling the bet365 bonus code pa",The issue of educating the bet365 bonus code pa is often further mentioned。Because "the bet365 bonus code pa have perseverance if they have permanent property",Persistence is the basis for cultivating perseverance。He said: "Now we are also controlling the bet365 bonus code pa's property,It’s not enough to look up to your parents,Bowing down is not enough to feed your wife;A happy life and a lifetime of suffering,In bad years, death is inevitable。This is just to save someone's life, but I'm afraid I won't be able to support you,Xi Xia Zhi etiquette and justice?”But,Just having permanent property does not seem to directly make bet365 bonus code pa have perseverance,It is also necessary to systematically educate the bet365 bonus code pa,This reflects another connotation of "nurturing" in "nurturing the bet365 bonus code pa": educating the bet365 bonus code pa。In fact,This is also the proper meaning of Mencius’ emphasis on the king “being the parents of the bet365 bonus code pa”。
Generally speaking,Parents to children,Not only must ensure that children have enough food and clothing (satisfaction in material life),Happiness (satisfaction of spiritual life),At the same time, we must educate our children as adults。So,When Mencius repeatedly asked the monarch to "control the bet365 bonus code pa's property" and "live with the bet365 bonus code pa",He also repeatedly emphasized “respect the teachings of Xiangxu”,Apply the meaning of filial piety and brotherhood,Those who are awarded white are worthy of being on the road。”About “The Teaching of Xiangxu”,Mencius explained it in "Teng Wengong Zhang Ju",It said: "Let it be taught as a school in Xiangxu。庠者,Yangye;Schooler,Jiao Ye;Order,Sheye。Xia Yue School,Yin Yuexu,Zhou Yuxiang;Principles of learning shared by three generations,Everyone understands human ethics。Human ethics are better than anything else,The little bet365 bonus code pa are close to me。”The purpose of “Xianxu’s Teaching” is to let bet365 bonus code pa “understand human ethics” through a series of “teaching” and “nurturing” activities,Develop the virtue of benevolence and righteousness,Thus loving each other,Establish a harmonious social order and atmosphere。And "He who leaves his relatives behind without mercy",Those who do not have righteousness but follow others as kings”。("The Chapter of King Hui of Liang") On the one hand, the king takes the lead in setting an example,Infecting bet365 bonus code pa with benevolence and righteousness,And promote the policy of benevolence and righteousness so that the bet365 bonus code pa "look up to them and serve their parents",Submissive enough to feed your wife,A happy old age and a full life,Saved from death in a bad year”,Let the "old man eat clothes and meat,The bet365 bonus code pa are neither hungry nor cold" ("The First Chapter of King Hui of Liang"),On the other hand, through the teaching of filial piety, brotherhood, etiquette and justice, it is used to "drive out the good",Guide bet365 bonus code pa to do good,The bet365 bonus code pa will naturally be able to “kiss him”。It can be seen from this,Producing the bet365 bonus code pa’s wealth and becoming rich and then educating them are closely related,The former is the basis and premise,The latter is the supplement and improvement of the former,Only the organic combination of the two,In order to build a complete set、A practical system of benevolent governance practice。
(Author’s affiliation: School of Philosophy and Social Development, Huaqiao University)
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