"Making utensils in accordance with the image" is the basic concept of traditional Chinese utensil design。According to "Book of Changes·Xici",“There are four ways of being a sage: He who speaks speaks highly of his words,Those who move will be subject to change,Those who use the tools to make them should respect their appearance,Those who use divination should still predict it”。There are two understandings of the meaning of "making tools and images",The first understanding is the point of view of "Book of Changes·Xici" itself,bet365 free bets believed that the "image" on which the utensils are made is mainly the image of the hexagrams and yarns。However, this theory has been questioned by later generations,As Gu Jiegang thinks,“Xiang” is not the symbol of hexagrams and lines,But a symbol of all things in nature;Jin Jingfang thinks,It’s not that the hexagrams precede the objects,But the utensils precede the hexagrams。These doubts can be summarized as: What should be the interpretation of "xiang" itself,And what is the sequence relationship between "Xiang" and "Qi"。So,The second understanding of the meaning of "making instruments still like" is,The inspiration for creation indeed comes mainly from the “image” of all things,Not the "image" of hexagrams and lines,However, after the artifact was created, it was found that it was consistent with the mechanism revealed by the hexagrams,Hexagrams can well explain the inner mechanism of utensils。The relationship between "xiang" and "vessel" should be,In the context of creation,bet365 free bets the "image" of all things that precedes the "vessel",And in the context of interpretation,bet365 free bets the "vessel" that precedes the "image" of the hexagrams and lines。In this sense,"Xiang" includes the image of all things,Also includes the symbols of hexagrams and lines。
“Xiang bet365 free bets” of Chinese Philosophy
The ancients “look up and observe the phenomena in the sky,Look down and observe the Dharma on the ground",Understand the objects contained in it、Sexual image、Image、Tao Xiang,That is, the “image acquisition” process,Then express the image in the utensils,That is, the "creation" process。The level of "Xiang" determines the level of creation。The lower level "image" is "object image",That is, directly imitating the image of things,such as pottery imitating various animal shapes、Bronze;One level higher than "object image" is "sexual image",bet365 free bets no longer simply imitation,But reprocess the object,Like inventing a saw based on prickly thatch、Inventing an umbrella based on a pavilion、Invent oars based on fish tail;One level higher than "sexual image" is "image",It reflects a richer imagination,Like stirrups、Acupuncture Bronze Man、Armillary Sphere、Go, etc.;The highest level of "Xiang" is "Tao Xiang",bet365 free bets the result of grasping the inherent laws of things,Like a light-transmitting bronze mirror、Being hit by the incense burner、鱼米、Echo Bar、Thrower, etc.。
。Chinese philosophy presupposes the ineffability of "Tao",To language、Formal expression methods such as logic are not particularly valued,There is even an anti-language、Anti-logical tendency,Like the Confucian saying "Those who know do not speak,The speaker doesn’t know”,Taoist “The speaker cares”,Proud and forgetful”,Zen Buddhism’s “No Writing”,Directly pointing to people's hearts" etc.。In the opinion of Chinese philosophers,The "Tao" expressed in language and logic is just a low-level "little Tao",The real "big road" cannot be expressed in language and logic,Language and logic are just steps leading to the "high road",bet365 free bets not the ultimate goal in itself。
In view of the above understanding,Chinese philosophy has not followed the path of formal logic,But develop a way of bet365 free bets that is different but complementary to Western logical bet365 free bets,Wang Shuren、Yu Berlin and others summarized this way of bet365 free bets as “Xiang bet365 free bets”。Since "Tao" cannot be expressed,Then it cannot be directly stipulated,Only through the indirect method of "heating the clouds and supporting the moon"、A roundabout way to give a hint,Rely on personal association and understanding to realize understanding of things。This kind of bet365 free bets does not start directly from concepts,Construct an axiomatic system about things through formal logic,But rely on intuition、Metaphor、Analogy、symbol、Understanding、Enlightenment and other means to grasp the world。
Discover the value and significance of “Xiang bet365 free bets”
“Xiang bet365 free bets” is reflected in all aspects of Chinese culture,Calligraphy、Painting、Martial Arts、Poetry、Music、TCM、Creation and other cultural styles are deeply influenced by this way of bet365 free bets。In the field of creation, the bet365 free bets method of "making tools and images" is reflected,This way of bet365 free bets enables traditional Chinese creations to present distinctive cultural characteristics and eternal artistry,Won a high reputation on the world stage。But in modern times,With the decline of China’s national power, the decline of culture,This way of bet365 free bets is gradually being forgotten,Even regarded as mysterious、Original、Low-level bet365 free bets methods,This is a big misunderstanding of the bet365 free bets method of "making tools but still images",Therefore it is necessary to clarify its value and significance。
First,“Making tools and images” is a generative bet365 free bets method。At the ontological level,Western philosophy presupposes an "unchangeable" world,Chinese philosophy presupposes a "changing" world。At the epistemological level,Western philosophy has embarked on the path of formal logic,Chinese philosophy has embarked on the path of dialectics。The former tries to use formal concepts and logic to frame the world,His bet365 free bets is spontaneous、Characteristics of substantiality,The result of this is to solidify the originally flowing world,Although to a certain extent、Valid within a certain range,But after all, it does not reflect the real world。In Heidegger’s words,Western metaphysics replaces “being” with “being”,Causing the forgetfulness of "existence"。Chinese philosophy is aware of language from the beginning、Limitations of logic,Believe that the true world cannot be truly grasped through concepts,We can only express it in other ways,This approach is to "establish an image to fulfill the intention"。What makes it different from conceptual bet365 free bets is,It is a kind of generativity、Non-entity dynamic bet365 free bets。Since the world has changed,is constantly generated,Then the form of understanding changes accordingly、Generated,Otherwise, the originally rich and colorful world will be compressed into a dry conceptual cage,This is undoubtedly an act of cutting one’s feet to fit the shoes。
Secondly, "Making instruments and observing images" is a poetic way of bet365 free bets.After Heidegger realized the limitations of Western metaphysics,Advocates showing the world through poetry,“Xiang bet365 free bets” precisely meets this demand。Since language is not enough to express the true world,It can only be realized through the non-verbal "Xiang",Through intuitive and vivid poetic images,The true world is revealed。“Xiang bet365 free bets”’s grasp of the true world is not expressed through “universal laws”,It is expressed through "typical images"。However,It is this seemingly "particularity" image that preserves a complete world,The so-called "One flower, one world,One leaf, one Bodhi",Thus it has eternity,The seemingly "universal" laws only show part of the world's information,Always replaced by later theories,Therefore it is only a temporary existence。Also,Fixity with conceptual bet365 free bets、Different accuracy,Poetic images are open-ended、Characteristics of polysemy,It gives people a rich imagination that “the words are exhaustive but the meaning is endless”,Different readers can read different meanings from it,This is exactly the expression required by the dynamic nature of the world。
Third,“Making tools and observing images” is an original way of bet365 free bets。Only by breaking the shackles of conceptual bet365 free bets,Return to the things themselves,In order to create better。Conceptual bet365 free bets can also lead to creation,But what is more needed to create is to break the rules。In other words,The only way is to return to the realm of "nothing",In order to avoid the original prejudice,Stand outside the rules and reflect on the pros and cons of the original rules,Provide possibilities for finding new and better roads,Thus leading to original discoveries。If we divide cognitive activities into two stages: "discovery" and "defense",Then "Xiang bet365 free bets" plays a greater role in the field of "discovery",Conceptual bet365 free bets plays a greater role in the field of "justification"。“Xiang bet365 free bets” through imagination、Intuition、Non-logical methods such as analogies are more likely to generate new ideas,It may not be mature at first,But it provides a direction for future work,Under the guidance of new concepts,Conceptual bet365 free bets has a goal at this time,That is, demonstrating and testing new ideas。When we can realize the "original image" of "the elephant is invisible",Their bet365 free bets state will enter a state of freedom without waiting,The creativity will be huge。
In summary,The method of "making tools and images" contains a kind of generativity、Poetic、Original bet365 free bets method,It is the concentrated expression of "Xiang bet365 free bets" in the field of creation。“Xiang bet365 free bets” is complementary to Western conceptual bet365 free bets,There is no distinction between high and low,You cannot use the former to belittle the latter,You cannot use the latter to suppress the former。In the current situation where conceptual bet365 free bets dominates,We should pay more attention to “Xiang bet365 free bets”,Recognize the applicable scope and limitations of conceptual bet365 free bets,Improve the ability to switch between conceptual bet365 free bets and "image bet365 free bets",To enhance our originality。
(Author’s affiliation: School of Marxism, Central China Normal University)
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