CSS is not only the introduction and application of purely technical means，The essence is computational science、The mutual penetration and integration innovation of high-tech and humanities and nj bet365 sciences represented by data science，It is the reorganization and integration of existing branch disciplines to return to the basic point and track of humanism，The behavioral nj bet365 science created、Network nj bet365 Science、Digital nj bet365 sciences and other sciences have shown distinctive innovative characteristics，Can better reflect the characteristics of interaction and co-progress between humans and nature。

Computational nj bet365 Science，CSS) is marked by Professor David Lazer and 15 other American scholars jointly publishing an article in Science magazine in February 2009 and formally proposing this academic concept for the first time，It has been more than ten years。Although the journey is short，But its development is rapid，Has a broad and far-reaching impact on the theory and application of humanities and nj bet365 sciences，Aroused great attention and deep thinking from the academic community。

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Generally believed，CSS refers to the application of computing (computer) science and related technologies in (humanities) nj bet365 sciences，Based on a large amount of data、Using computer calculation method，The emerging discipline of simulating and analyzing nj bet365 (complex) phenomena by building models。According to this understanding and definition，The sub-disciplines of CSS mainly include: computational sociology、Computational Politics、Computational Economics、Computational Communication, Computational Law, Computational (Operations Research) Management, etc.；Related disciplines involved and gradually expanded include: history、Linguistics、Pedagogy、Military Science、Literary Studies、Ethnology、Religious Studies、Ethics, Anthropology, Cognitive Psychology, etc.。The core content is the automated processing of various types of information about the development of human society，Focus on behavioral analysis、Media Analysis、Network analysis and analysis of typical facts of real society，With code、Algorithm、Program、Modeling、Analog and other digital means，A more in-depth observation and discussion of individual behavioral characteristics, nj bet365 operating rules and the interactive relationship between the two。

From the perspective of computer application，In the process of human civilization and nj bet365 development，People’s philosophical concepts and methods for exploring the natural world and self-understanding are also constantly evolving。From early natural philosophy to medieval mathematical exploration，Gradually evolved into today’s computing science based on numerical calculations and simulations。Enter the 21st century，The rise of a new round of technological revolution represented by big data and artificial intelligence，The beginning of the development of (big) data-intensive science known as the fourth generation of science。

As the origin of a science or discipline，CSS can actually be traced back to John von Neumann’s research on computable norms of economic behavior in the mid-20th century、Herbert A. Simon)’s artificial science, etc.。The thought and practice of computation in the humanities and nj bet365 sciences has a long history，Even earlier than computable research and applications in natural sciences and engineering technology。Representatives of the formal creation of the CSS discipline include Professor David Lazer of Northeastern University and Professor Claudio Cioffi-Revilla of George Mason University and a large number of scholars，Most of them have a professional background in computer science and experience in applying it in the humanities and nj bet365 sciences。

The rise and development of CSS in today’s era，The motivations are roughly as follows。First, the process of human civilization and nj bet365 development are becoming increasingly complex，The manifestations and incentives of uncertainty are more complicated and mysterious，People are increasingly eager to explore the deeper mysteries of nj bet365 development，Growing demand for efficient methods。The second is data accumulation、Computer and information network technology、Strong support of HCP computing power，Provides the possibility for the development and growth of CSS。The third reason is due to the inherent stipulations of the development logic of the humanities and nj bet365 sciences，Touch experience by traditional means、Accumulation of experience、Card type stack、Annotation index、Bookmark Tracking、Literature search、Association comparison、Theoretical evidence，To data processing in modern analytical methods、Model construction、Quantitative Evidence、Simulation、Computational experiments, etc.，Not enough to reveal the complex nature of society。We can feel and foresee more and more clearly，The inevitability of the future integration of high and new technologies such as nj bet365 science and computing science，And the huge development momentum and bright prospects contained therein。Due to the combined force of these aspects，CSS firmly seizes the favorable opportunity and takes advantage of the trend，Striding into the heyday of vigorous development。

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From the overall development status，Although computational nj bet365 science is still at a relatively basic stage，But it has shown strong vitality and broad application prospects。For example，Harvard University in the United States、MIT、Stanford University、University of Chicago、Carnegie Mellon University、Microsoft R&D Center，Oxford University in the UK、Cambridge University、Imperial College，Universities and R&D institutions such as ETH Zurich in Switzerland，All have established specialized CSS centers or academic entities，Not only provides a curriculum system and practical training base for training students in related majors (including doctoral students)，Also carried out theory and practice、Natural Sciences, Engineering Technology and Humanities and nj bet365 Sciences、An application attempt to combine academic research with industrial application and government consulting。At the same time，There are also a group of visionaries in China、Scholars with keen academic vision have entered the field of CSS research。Peking University、Tsinghua University、Zhejiang University、Fudan University、Renmin University of China and other universities have successively established specialized institutions、Form an inter-school alliance，Actively change thinking concepts、Cognitive perspective and research methods，In interdisciplinary intersection、The introduction of experimental methods in humanities and nj bet365 science research has led to competition and cooperation in the construction of new liberal arts，There is a strong trend、The tendency to seize the commanding heights。

CSS is not only the introduction and application of purely technical means，The essence is computational science、The mutual penetration and integration innovation of high-tech and humanities and nj bet365 sciences represented by data science，It is the reorganization and integration of existing branch disciplines to return to the basic point and track of humanism，The behavioral nj bet365 science created、Network nj bet365 Science、Digital nj bet365 sciences and other sciences have shown distinctive innovative characteristics，Can better reflect the characteristics of interaction and co-progress between humans and nature。For example，His research fields include: individual consumption and quality of life in economic life、Interest group relations、Relationship between economic operating situation，Individual、Enterprise、Market、Government’s behavioral boundaries and interrelationships；Individual behavior in public health events、Form of nj bet365 organization、Government unified deployment and governance and their relationship；Individual words and deeds in the network environment、Will、Behavioral habits，Changes in nj bet365 networks and interest group demands，nj bet365 mainstream values ​​and norms，Public opinion occurs、Brewing、nj bet365 incidents that may be caused by the spread and effect of changes and response plans；Differentiation、How do living individuals emerge into complex nj bet365 phenomena and forms under the network structure and transmission mechanism，Its impact on micro-behavior，And topics such as the two-way feedback mechanism between the two。

The common foundation of all branches of humanities and nj bet365 sciences is the study of human nj bet365 behavior，But there is still a lack of a unified and coherent theoretical framework that can explain the results of each branch of theory，This is because the complex essential characteristics of nj bet365 phenomena are one of the most difficult scientific problems to solve。The unique advantages and behavioral science of the rise of CSS、Complexity Science、Assistance to nj bet365 network analysis and other related disciplines and technical methods，Be able to make things out of reach、Cannot reveal、Unclear explanation、The situation of unachievable research and exploration has been greatly improved，Making the impossible possible，Difficulty and chaos become orderly and followable，The summary of empirical norms becomes more in-depth、More sophisticated falsifiable scientific tests。For example，The rise of network science has given nj bet365 scientists a profound understanding，People、Organization、The interaction between markets has an important impact on collective nj bet365 behavior，But consciousness、Spirit、Faith、Emotions are difficult to observe and measure，Especially long-term observation of large groups of people。Therefore，Collection, analysis and processing of network data，Perhaps it is the entry way and key content of CSS development。

From the agent-based model used in CSS，ABM）、System simulation、Intelligent algorithm、Computational Experiment、Look at the software platform and other methods，Its innovative characteristics are also reflected in the diversified updating and transformation of research paradigms。First, the depth of the combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis、Significant improvement in accuracy and coordination。The second is the various scenes and typical facts in real life，Verified through various theoretical analysis inferences, computational experiments, simulations and virtual reality (VR+) methods。The third is based on big data、Cloud computing、Artificial Intelligence、Data-intensive research on technologies such as machine learning，And integrate the humanistic spirit into innovative research。The fourth is individual rational behavior seeking homogenization、Cause/correlation relationship under one-way linear equilibrium thinking，To heterogeneous individual comprehensive response behavior、Correlation/generation analysis under nonlinear non-equilibrium thinking of multi-directional and multi-connected mutual feedback mechanisms that are mutually causal。The fifth is Tonghongdongwei、Level connection、Virtual and real docking，Enable better unity between macro-overall analysis and micro-basic research in nj bet365 sciences。Sixth is humanistic leadership、Inclusiveness、Relevance、Leading theories and systems of various branches，Pay more attention to self-enrichment、Perfect adaptive development, etc.。

Although CSS research has begun，But we must truly create research results with significant impact and practical significance，Need to further change the concept、Enhance the capabilities necessary for interdisciplinary research，Improve the basic conditions for research、Basic construction，So as to better cope with various penetrations and integrations、Impact and Challenge。CSS research must focus on handling the relationship between theoretical methods and practical testing，Adhere to problem orientation、Task Oriented、Humanistic orientation，organically combine the rigor of nj bet365 with the freshness of humanities。At the same time，You also need to pay attention to avoid misunderstandings such as bias and neglect (showing off skills and stubbornness)，Try to avoid going from one extreme to another，The embarrassment of falling into the "precision fallacy" and "thinking after the decimal point"，Avoid technical blind spots, distortions and other phenomena as well as data quality、Problems that may arise from data property rights and data privacy。

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Computational science and big data、Cloud computing、AI、Machine Learning、Internet of Everything、Blockchain、5G、The introduction and application of the achievements of a new round of scientific and technological revolution with distinctive characteristics of the times such as VR+ in humanities and nj bet365 science research，will become an important driving force in promoting the innovative development of philosophy and nj bet365 sciences with Chinese characteristics in the new era。China’s rich and tortuous nj bet365 development experience and huge population，It is pregnancy、Create a good platform for interdisciplinary research。Facing the humanities and nj bet365 sciences、The great span of natural science and thinking science、Integrating innovation deeply，Computers and human brains through computational thinking、Computational Science、Data Science、Parallel docking of information network technology，We not only need to know how to use data and technology，We also need to know how the data comes from、How to reflect the research object。We must also clearly identify the adaptability of technical methods，Thinking about how the common achievements of human civilization can be combined with China’s national conditions and characteristics，How research results are transformed and applied to nj bet365 development practice。Theory、Two-way multi-channel experiment and calculation、Multiple ways of cognitive transformation，Especially the implantation of biochips based on the perception of real life bodies and the working principles of neurons、Breakthroughs in the collection and real-time processing of information with humanistic characteristics such as (semi-)invasive brain-computer fusion docking technology，Will push CSS into a new and immeasurable stage of development。Predictably，CSS will be more and more widely used、The influence is getting more and more profound，will become an important development trend in the field of humanities and nj bet365 science research。

Taken together，CSS is powered by computational science、Data Science、Mathematics、Statistics and Humanities and nj bet365 Sciences、Thinking science and other multiple disciplines are making big strides、An emerging research field formed by a large-scale intersection。After experiencing the budding and early stages of formation, technology dominates、After the application stage where data drive is the main feature，Now it has gradually become problem-oriented、Humanity driven、A new subject group that integrates technical support and internal correlation。

　　(Author’s unit: Computational nj bet365 Science Research Center, University of Chinese Academy of nj bet365 Sciences)