Current，Memory enhancement has become an emerging point for reflection of human enhancement。In the past, people discussed that human enhancement relying on the body and mind and the dual theory of technology and humans，and the long -term criticism of philosophy for dual theory also illustrates this assumption that existing problems。This assumption is easier to be accepted by most people，But acceptance does not mean reasonable。As a way to overcome the dual theory of body and mind dualism, it is proposed by Bergson，Also modified with memory and enhances the rapid development of memory science，Memory philosophy becomes a better visual field。Examination through enhancement of memory，It can provide a new path for viewing human enhancement and its technology。The status of memory enhancement in the philosophy of memory，Can provide a solid foundation for understanding memory enhancement。

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From the beginning of philosophy，Memory is with the soul、Knowledge issues born with the root。Soul issues stopped in the philosophy with metaphysics，Knowledge becomes a hidden clue for memory。Review the history of philosophy，Plato's "Knowledge Memories Introduction"、Aristotle's "Memory and Memories in the Soul"、Augustine's "Memory and Intelligence is the two parts of the soul"、Kant's "Memory is Attention", etc.，It is the memory concept proposed by philosophers in various periods。In contemporary philosophy，Russell、Rayer、Series, etc. give us "memory is the state or ability of the soul"; Husserl、Hedgger、Like and other phenomenologists demonstrated memory as timeful、Historical and humanistic phenomena is possible。From the perspective of memory concept，There is also different understanding within the philosophy。From the bearer's point of view，Memory was used as a soul、The derivative of the bearer of the mind and consciousness; from the prescribed point of view，Memory has been regarded as the state of the soul、Psychological phenomenon and conscious behavior。Bet365 lotto review These three kinds of memory of memory are in the process of historical evolution，Psychological phenomenon due to the sudden emergence of psychology。

When the memory is regarded as a psychological phenomenon，Philosophy reflection has stood in front of a watershed: memory was originally a simple philosophical object，In the end, it did not become a real philosophy object，Instead of dissipating in psychology。The source of this process can be traced back to Burentano。His experience psychology has established a intention -based theoretical framework，In this framework，He pointed out the appearance、Judgment and love and hate three types of conscious behavior。More importantly，He also pointed out the paradox faced when philosophers thinking and memory: on the one hand，Memory is the phenomenon of consciousness after consciousness，Performance is two different conscious behaviors; on the other hand，Memory is the condition presented by the conscious object that has passed。After Burentano，Memory Affiliated theory and internal psychological continuous fermentation，Finally, the theoretical research of memory has embarked on three heterogeneous paths: experimental psychology、Philosophy of Phenomenology and Analysis。Experimental psychology is Hebber (D. O. Hebb)、Brenda Milner and other scholars，This one has moved towards the experimental path，Currently starting with neuroscience、Fusion of artificial intelligence phase。The second one is the traditional memory phenomenon，Scholars such as Eric Kandel，From the analysis of the consciousness of memory to the history and religiousness of memory，What is gradually emerging is the discussion of memory and mind relationship。The third branch is the tradition of soul philosophy and cognitive science，From the heart composition of memory to the excavation of the cognitive mechanism of memory。These three jointly formed the division of the humanistic and scientific research of memory。Contemporary memory philosophy came into being in heterogeneous gaps。

Looking back on the development of philosophical research on memory，We can see，Time、Psychological、Maternity and functionality is the most important conceptual heritage。Time of memory，Bet365 lotto review Emphasize that we get the past through memory behavior，This means that memory is a conscious container，The past content was extracted in memories。The psychological nature of memory，It means that memory is psychological phenomenon。The material of memory，It means that memory is the construction of the past conscious content，The past events that were recalled in the memory were constructed。Memory functional，It means that memory is the ability of psychological entity。Due to the influence of the strong tradition of philosophy，Make memory analysis always expand under the framework of knowledge theory，Philosophers are mainly devoted to clarifying the authenticity of memory。These five aspects become the basic prescribed memory of memory。

　　The status of contemporary memory philosophy

Strictly speaking，"Contemporary Memory Philosophy" and Memory knowledge theory，Is an emerging research field，mainly refers to the philosophical research of memory led by knowledge theory and philosophy of mind，Main representatives are Sven Bernecker、Kourken Michaelian、Mi Jianguo and other scholars。Starting from the theory of Russell's memory causality，Reflecting the current psychology、Based on cognitive science and neuroscience，Discuss the connotation of memory，Some valuable concepts have been proposed one after another，Forgotten is a virtue、Memation is a mental time travel (Mental Time Travel), etc.。other，They also touch basic problems such as memory ethics。Overall，Their most important theoretical contribution is to try to communicate phenomenology and psychology from the perspective of memory、Analysis of the gap of philosophy。

In essence,，Contemporary memory philosophy still depends on the five traditional presets: timeliness、materials、Psychological、Functional and confirmation。This preset is so firm，so that in the consciousness of most people，Memory research should belong to cognitive philosophy or spiritual philosophy。but，The five prescribedness of a prejudice covering memory。

1. The time of memory not only has pastability，It's time to end，Emphasize the future direction。From the perspective of most memory philosophers，Memory points to the past，For example, the presentation of the object that has bet365 Play online games been perceive，Or a straw for past perception behaviors。The past thing also means that there is a time interval with the present，Through the stimulation of the current thing，and being established as object。Under such a setting，A variety of relationships about memory and past，If you reproduce、Faithful、Resistance、Avoidance and so on get a lot of discussions。But，This setting ignores time is the past、The current and the future of the new knot。In fact，Memory and Memories can lay the foundation for future behavior or events。

2. The materiality of memory does not mean that it is just the presentation of the past，It is the condition that the past can be manifested。Where most philosophers，Memory is presented as the construction of the past。Husserl's contribution is to effectively distinguish between memory behavior and memory objects，Analyze the essence of memory behavior more，presents the intention structure of memory。but，Comparison of comparison，His contribution in this regard is still slightly inferior to Burentano。The memory revealed by Burentano is the condition that the condition cannot be ignored。The former is the possible condition for individual memory，The latter is the possible condition for historical memory。In this sense，Memory not only expresses itself as the past，Also manifested as the sorting of content。For example，Study on Memory of Neuroscience，According to such a point of view: Memory is the encoding and re -extraction of information。In the history of philosophy，This view has also appeared，For example, Locke's memory traces。but，There are still some problems in this view。If we look at the understanding of the condition of memory，Remembrance only as content presentation，There are obvious limitations。

3. The psychological nature of memory can easily cover the body's body dimension。In the history of philosophy，Memory is regarded as consciousness、The point of mind -related phenomena is very strong。Bergson reversed this concept tradition，Consider memory as the key to the theory of the binary theory of the material and material。Proposal of this view，It provides a possibility for getting rid of the attached to the memory。bet365 Play online games With the rise of physical philosophy and the development of the concepts of body cognition，The material dimension of memory itself is more and more excavated，This kind of getting rid of it becomes reality。In the current philosophical discussion，For example, the relationship between memory and skills is more revealed。Get rid of psychological attached，It is also the continuation of memory research to get rid of the efforts of self -psychologicalism，Just get rid of a psychological setting，Research method instead of psychology。

4. The functionality of memory emphasizes that memory is an expression of spiritual ability，But functionality is not its only prescribed。In the history of philosophy，We can see that two memory concepts are always "fighting"。One，Memory is a kind of ability，For example, the ability to pay attention to、Maintenance related to information、Ability to extract coding information。Its two，Forgotten to be regarded as the loss or degeneration of ability to be regarded as abilities。For example，Kant thinks，Forgotten is the weakening of attention。In this context，The foundation of memory ethics is usually: memory is a virtue，Forgotten is a kind of evil moral。At the same time，Most memory practice activities are also based on such a basis。But，Such a foundation often ignores the origin of forgetting，and forgotten in the process of personal memory and social memory formation.。

5. Memory Confirmation is the product of memory auxiliary theory，Ignoring the emotional vagueness contained in the memories。Knowledge issues are the core cornerstone of the entire philosophy，and traditional knowledge always emphasizes the status of reflection subject，Emphasize confirmation and true primary value。Take Husserl as an example，He has explored the self -permeability of memory，and point out，Compared to consciousness，Memory has less autonomy。but，For memory itself，Memories itself has more things that have inspiring emotions and identification、The characteristics of guiding future behavior。During the memory process，Memories are formed by bit。

Contemporary memory philosophy mainly comes from knowledge theory、Support of cognitive science philosophy。abroad，bet365 Play online games Some knowledge thects and philosophers start to turn to revealing memory。Phenomenology does not provide more support for contemporary memory philosophy，On the one hand，Phenomenology of memory is relatively slow; on the other hand，Contemporary memory philosophers actively trying to dialogue with phenomenologists also show this。

　　Memory philosophy as a reflective vision

Through the above study，We basically got two cognition: First of all，Memory philosophy becomes a perspective，instead of being a object; second，Memory enhancement belongs to the category of cognitive enhancement is prejudice of cognitive science。In the perspective of memory philosophy，Build a theoretical framework that points to humans to enhance theory and enhance practical association。

1. Memory helps to reflect on the relationship between contemporary philosophy and enhanced technology。Since the 20th century，Philosophers have always attached great importance to thinking about science and technology。On the issue of memory，Berguson established a basic framework，Elapse the role of memory on the problem of solving the dual problem of physical and mental biology through immature biology and psychology。Unfortunate is，Due to the restrictions of science and technology itself, it is not successful。More than 100 years later，With psychology、Neuroscience、The rapid development of artificial intelligence and other fields，Related experiments and propositions of memory research are constantly being proposed，Modify、Delete、Memory practice activities such as implantation and enhancement have caused great controversy。These theoretical and practical problems，It provides good possibilities for the theoretical construction of human enhancement。More importantly，This is also possible to solve the relationship between the relationship between the body and the mind。

2. Memory philosophy is not only the way of appearance of philosophy in the smart age，It can also be used as a way to effectively appear in the era of human enhancement。Facing natural science (such as psychology、Neuroscience、artificial intelligence, etc.) and humanities and social sciences (such as history、Political Science, etc.) The rapid development of memory practice，Traditional bet365 best casino games spiritual philosophy、The epistemology seems to be unable to do it。In the process of bridating the theory and practice of memory theory and practice，What needs to be done in advance，It is a more rigorous combing of memory knowledge，Criticize memory psychology。By combing，We will find，Contemporary knowledge theory of its own body steering、Cognitive shift provides a certain but not enough possibility for future human enhancement research; we will see the premise of memory auxiliary theory hidden in the tradition of knowledge theory; The traditional mode of establishing forgotten forgotten。Memory Philosophy Establishs Philosophy Methods，Can make us obtain insight，to grasp the key issues in the development process of contemporary enhancement。

　　(Author Unit: Research Center of Life Medical Ethics of Fudan University)