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The deepening of the practice of science and culture and the creative transformation and innovative development of traditional culture，It is the meaning of promoting the national modern cause，and the two are actually "two sides of a coin": no scientific modernization，It is difficult to see the overall generation of academic culture; no creative transformation and innovative development of traditional culture，It is also difficult to cultivate soils suitable for science and culture.。So，How to follow the traditional basis? What do you need to promote、What is the innovation? The solution of these problems requires the wisdom integration and creation of scientific culture and traditional culture。In fact，Research on the relationship between scientific culture and traditional culture over the past 100 years has always been valued by academic circles，The study of Confucianism and scientific and cultural relations, which is a traditional culture, is a great view。Examine the history of exchanges between Confucianism and science and culture，The relationship between Qianjia Han studies and science as the main expression of Confucianism in the Qing Dynasty is particularly special。In other words，Study on the relationship between Qianjia Sinology and Science as a way to enter the road，It can provide us with a specific and micro perspective。

　　Qianjia Sinology and Science "Fate"

Qianqian Hanxue is a monument in the history of Chinese academic culture，Taking the promotion of "simplicity" as the orientation，To train、Review as a means of the Ming Classics，It is also often referred to as "Park Xue" and "Grade Science"。Later generations have studied the scholarship of Qianjia Chinese，As early as the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China，The inquiry of the relationship between the relationship between Sinology and science in Qianjia and science already has many creative opinions。Hu Shi praises it really has the spirit of "science"Bet365 app download 。Yan Fu refer to Western experimental science as the standard to refer to its "not to learn"。Liang Qichao commented on the use of Sinology, and also talked about the study training of the Qing Dynasty，"It should be connected to European and American science，Can create ‘scientific national’ ”。

Strictly speaking，Modern science is "exogenous" for China，Qianqian Chinese Studies are the academic system that follows the inner reasoning road of traditional Chinese academic and cultural development to the rise of the Qing Dynasty。So，Why do you attract many people? What is the relationship between it?

As far as time nodes are concerned，Qianqian Hanyu is between two Western studies and east。After the Ming and Qing Dingge，Although several emperors in the early Qing Dynasty showed their passion for science，Kangxi even learns western science from the missionary at Changchun Garden，But Western technology is entering the system of institutionalization compared to the same period，The emperor is hard to say that it is true to Western science、Study。Later to the Yongzheng Dynasty pursued the policy of locking the country，and to the Qianlong dynasty, "Preventing Foreign Aid Regulations"，Science and Culture East is still silent，At this time, it was the time when the Qianjiao Chinese studies were developed into the peak of the academic plateau in the Qing Dynasty。

Observation，Qianjia Sinology seems difficult to contact science，But in fact，Qianjia Sinology and Two Western Science East that Western Sciences are close to them in the east of Western Sciences。First，In terms of academic inheritance，In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, I have translated Western books and Chinese people and Chinese and Western studies.，Through the teacher or family biography，Sinologists academic scholarship "income and West，For the sharp ear ears "(Yan Fuyu), but left a breath of western science for local academic development，No science has no continuity in local academics。"Kai Wu" Huidong's family studies deep，Its father Huchi Qixue involves the Western Calendar and achieved significant achievements。"Kaizai" Dai Zhen's teacher Jiang Yong has a book "Mathematics" that introduces Bet365 lotto review Western classical geometric system，Map of River Governance、Compatible with Chinese and Western mathematics in Luoshu，Its learning depth is pushed by youth。Sin Studies Banner Character Jiao Xun at the age of 24 and start systematically learning mathematics，Enlightenment readings are the "Mei Family Books Collection"。From the above，Of course, it cannot be said that Qianjia Hanxue has learned because of the West，But in the process of its development, there are many crossing with Western science，even in some ways Western science constitutes its important ideological resources vaguely。

Next，From academic extension，Qianqian Hanxue has relatively improved the status of "science"，Provided valuable psychological preparation for the western school again。Sinologists have repeatedly proposed，"I don't know the length of the ancient and modern pushing ... how can I know the authenticity of the ancient and modern" (Jiang Fan's "Guo Dynasty Sinicap inherited")，"Science" and other "science" such as astronomy calculations as a necessary way for the Ming Classics。The academic history of this concept is，Long for a long time under the recognition model of "gentleman no device"，The original "scientific" status of "art" has changed，Although "science" is still a means of "governing the classics"，But because of its indispensable "instrumentality" to a certain extent, the value orientation of the traditional academic center of gravity is to be light and light，Just as Ruan Yuan commented on the "Same as Fang Technology", "After the Dai Zhen"。This concept has also become the Republic of China Hu Shi and some scientific figures to promote experimental science、Chinese traditional academic basis based on scientific methods and spirituality。

In terms of academic achievements，Qianqian Chinese Studies not only learn from Western science in academic ideas，and do some of the best careers for "science" itself。The first is the revival of traditional Chinese technology and culture、Inheritance and development。Science and technology classics is the carrier of traditional science and technology culture。but，A change of text and language habits of thousands of years，Bet365 app download Some ancient books shaped the same book，It is difficult to understand its meaning;，inevitable errors; Three many scientific and technological books are lost and died。Qianqian Chinese scholars pass the collation、Notes，Revised and corrected the predecessors' words，and by collecting hook sink，Make many important scientific and technological books that have been lost for hundreds of years to enter people's vision，such as "Island Territory", etc.。and，Sinologists have developed traditional Chinese science and technology culture in some fields。If Jiao Xun uses the traditional formulation method of changing mathematical knowledge as the way to make "addition, subtraction, multiplication and removing release"，Make effort in exploring the simplification of mathematics。In general，Qianqian Chinese scholars' research work in the original clear source、It plays a good role in de -pseudo -deposit，3756_3778。

The second is the "scientific spirit" reflected in the study。Qianjia Sinology can be unique in the Confucian system，A very important reason is characterized by the basic academic attitude and method and according to，Just as Liang Qichao said that it is the "movement of the research method"。In the early Qing Dynasty, the Confucian master who learned the trend of the Confucianism also had Song Xue，Evolution is just a tool used by the world，To the Qianjia period，The scholar specializes in Sinology and basically does not ask Song Xue，The research as a tool turned into an academic center of gravity，Covering the world is used to cover it。Of course，This kind of academics also have their disadvantages and deeply exposed by future generations，But the academic attitude that has been verified for the research is quite a bit of "academic" taste。Specific to academic practice，Gu Yanwu of the Duanxu of Qiqing Ji Shan Xue put forward the claim of "Books Books Books Whether Books No Books"，Opposition to blind worship classic，In the process of research, especially attaches to an objective and neutral attitude，Changed the long -term admission to the ancients to comment on the ancients but looming their own opinions。Generally bet365 best casino games speaking，Qianqian Chinese scholars generally adhere to a more objective and rigorous academic attitude，and compare the comparison in the sorting of ancient books、Analysis、Sumulatory and other logical methods。Typical research on ancient rhyme，Qianjia scholar borrows the induction method to classify it: Gu Yanwu's ancient rhyme is divided into ten; Jiang Yong entered it again，Divided it into thirteen; Duan Yucai and advance，Divided it into six categories and seventeen parts，make it more precise。This is exactly what Qianjia Hanxue praises some of the scientific spirit。

　　"Mistake" of Qianjiao Han under the perspective of scientific perspective

Western Xue East Joy in the Ming and Qing Dynasties，Coupled with some "scientific spirit" Qianjia Hanxue，may open the dawn of traditional Chinese academics to modern transformation，But the regrettable is，The Chinese land academics led by the Qing Dynasty have not stimulated the consciousness of developing modern science。The reason for it is multiple aspects，For example, the "Western Studies" held by a considerable amount of Confucian Confucian Confucianism played a very negative effect。Dai Zhen thinks，"The old method of the old law of the Western people uses the ancient quadruple calendar"。Qian Daxin even drew a roadmap passed from China to Europe to Europe。"Western Studies" said that there is a profound history、Culture and National Psychological Background。It will break through "Yan Yi Xia's Defense" during a certain period of time，Provided the theoretical basis for the Limited Learning West School，"Shi Yi" is "Shi Ji"，But overall is a theoretical reflection of the psychology of "cultural arrogance"，It is a understanding of Western cultural noodles including science and culture。Despite contact、Study Western Science，But "Western Xue Dongyuan" indicates that Qianjiao Chinese scholars still stay on the psychological and thoughtful preparations on the martial arts.，This determines that they understand the width and thickness of Western science。

other，Sinologists at that time generally lacked long -term development of nature、Continuous、In -depth research interest，This hinders the development of natural science。Qianjia Bet365 lotto review scholars use "truth -seeking" to Xiangshang，Think of "the learning of Confucianism，must be from the beginning of the facts "。But this "real" is based on the classics of the two Han classics as "real"，instead of facing the facts of nature as "real"。Huang Zongxi like this，Huidong and Wu Pai Xue people also。They use the words of Han Confucianism as the conclusion that does not prove itself，When you adhere to the "training cannot be changed、The creed of the scriptures is not abolished "and practiced when it is practiced，A scientific spirit that is valuable in the attitude of academic attitude is also greatly reduced。Dai Zhen can insist on not "Han" in the face of facts，But whether the geographical content recorded in the "Book" or "Note" in the "Water Sutra Note" lacks the spirit of field survey。

To say，The academic circles of Qianjiao Hanxue fell into the Haoshou Poor Sutra，"Poor Poority" moves to "Reading Poor" one way，Can't help but get rid of actual、Practice，Disclosure of observation and understanding of nature。One of the most basic motivations for scientific development is the curiosity of human beings about natural mystery，Get the systemic knowledge about nature，Starting is to face nature，Just as Yan Fu borrowed Huxley's words, "Reading Wisdom，Is the second hand，We can use the universe as a brief editor，Famous things are my text，Sizhenxue Er "。The academic purpose of Qianjia scholars is not in "looking up at the starry sky"，Lack of attention to long -term and systems、Observation and research。Following this academic path，It is difficult to "open out" the flower of modern experimental theory。

Science No Borders，But specific scientists always grow in a specific cultural environment，Specific scientific practice always expands in a specific space -time background。Modern science and culture is not born in traditional Chinese academics，But it does not mean that the two are separated from each other。The long -term progress has been made in China's science and technology industry in recent decades，It is the result of the intersection of scientific culture and traditional Chinese culture in the past century。Science culture and traditional culture are not static，All need bet365 Play online games to be continuously enriched and developed in critical reflection and civilization exchanges，to open a new "traditional" for the future。Qianqian Chinese Studies are in a special period of academic development in China，With some reference to Western science and culture to enrich yourself，But it is not enough to create a tradition rich in scientific culture。The limitation of the closure of foreign culture and the limitations that are difficult to implement the scientific spirit to the end，as a learned from later generations。

　(This article is the State Social Science Foundation "Strict 'Gezhi' and 'Science' Comparison Study" (18bzx056) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: Institute of Science and Technology History, Shanxi University)