Since the 20th century，There are endless theories about people being controlled by bet365 sign up offer。However，Even for technological determinists，Also believes that human beings always have the possibility to save themselves。

　　bet365 sign up offer salvation

Lewis Mumford emphasized，The decisive role of bet365 sign up offer is only a superficial phenomenon，It is the consequences of human negligence。Human negligence，In Mumford’s terms，It is machine ideology that replaces organic ideology。Since medieval monks regulated their actions with clocks，The concept of machines spreads，People begin to believe in quantification、A mechanical world independent of humans。Standardized control in the mechanical world，Ultimately leading to people surrendering in front of machines，Becomes an extension of the machine。However，Mumford refuses to be decided by machines，He believes it is possible to return to the organic concept，That is, returning to the original equilibrium stage-bet365 sign up offer is generally centered on daily life，Rather than a phantom that towers over life。

Here，Mumford encountered a difficulty: since bet365 sign up offer actions and thinking have been influenced by machine concepts，So how can people get rid of the machine concept and regain the organic concept？Later media environment scholars were also like Mumford，Encountered the paradox of "salvation": now that new technologies have destroyed the tradition of thinking and reason established by printing，How can we “save” ourselves with our “poisoned” brains？If you can "save" yourself，Wouldn’t it deny the actual damage caused by new technologies？

This question led Mumford to appeal to human genius。He thinks，Although the concept of machines has spread to every corner of the world，But no matter how far bet365 sign up offer develops，People always have the free will to choose their way of survival；No matter how history develops，Ultimately it depends on how far human potential is unleashed。“Once the organic world picture is ready to emerge，The goal of a perfect economy will not be to embed humans into mechanical wheels，It will fully develop everyone’s unlimited potential，Everyone can achieve self-realization、Self-transcendence，Conscious liberation from being too submissive to mechanical systems。”This way，Mumford not only set up a transhistorical concept of human nature，And assuming humans have healthy values，Whenever humanity encounters a crisis，We need to return to healthy values ​​​​to "save" a sick civilization。

　　Humanistic rescue bet365 sign up offer

Neil Postman’s response to the “salvation” paradox is basically the same as Mumford。First，The history of human development is a history in which bet365 sign up offer gradually takes a dominant position。Humanity has experienced the era of tool use、The era of technocracy and the era of technological monopoly。Tool usage era，People dominate bet365 sign up offer，Artisans have high autonomy；The era of technocratic rule，This is an era where people and bet365 sign up offer compete for dominance；The era of technological monopoly，bet365 sign up offer will win the final victory。Secondly，We must "save" mankind from technological monopoly，Must return to the state of human control over bet365 sign up offer，It must be assumed that people have the innate ability to return to traditional values。Traditional values，Dated to the Neolithic in Mumford，Bozeman dates back to the 18th century。Finally，Postman’s suggestion is，The heritage of the 18th century should be rediscovered and reclaimed、Literature and Thought，Use reason to defeat superstition。

Unlike Mumford and Bozeman，Paul Levinson thinks，People can actively control bet365 sign up offer，A transcendent talent that does not originate from man，It is a historical fact reflected in the history of media evolution: “Man is the master who actively controls the media。Not sent in the medium，Rather give orders，Create media content。Content already created by others，People have unprecedented ability to choose independently。My theory of media evolution can be called a theory of ‘anthropotropic’。”

Levinson sketched a picture for the information millennium at the beginning of the 21st century，Guide people on how to better make media more humane。But not everyone agrees with this picture。Only ten years later，Nicholas Carr published "Shallowness—How the Internet Poisoned Our Brains"，Point out that the Internet has changed our thinking habits in compliance with our wishes。On the surface，bet365 sign up offer people who make the Internet more and more in line with the needs of users，But in fact bet365 sign up offer this "humanization trend" that brings disaster to the brain。This is exactly the state that Mumford portrays of people being unaware of being enveloped by the concept of machines。However，Carr’s solution does not go beyond Mumford’s humanistic solution，Finally resort to the part of human beings that is least likely to be replaced by computers - reasoning、Comprehension、Memory and emotion abilities。

In short，Mumford and other scholars have established the ability of human beings to save themselves as the prerequisite for the possibility that human beings will never be controlled by bet365 sign up offer。The meaning of commitment to self-rescue ability，It is not about increasing theory or knowledge about bet365 sign up offer，It lies in overcoming the paradox of “salvation” in practice，Let people see hope despite the crushing power of bet365 sign up offer。

　　Non-anthropocentric rescue bet365 sign up offer

　　　　，When people think about bet365 sign up offer，I often think about the meaning of bet365 sign up offer to people。Why humans need bet365 sign up offer？It’s because human body’s physical potential is extremely limited，Unable to cope with nature with our own strength。From this anthropocentric perspective，bet365 sign up offer is essentially a human extension that follows the law of labor-saving: bet365 sign up offer passes through tools、The three stages of machine and automata，Not only liberates human hands and feet，And it frees the brain。

Reaching the automaton stage，Many scholars realize that，It is difficult to see the nature of bet365 sign up offer clearly from an anthropocentric perspective。Jacques Ellul thinks，bet365 sign up offer is independent of man himself - this does not mean that bet365 sign up offer will replace humans，It means that humans can no longer limit or tame bet365 sign up offer。Human beings under the control of bet365 sign up offer have the necessity of depravity，To regain freedom from the devil of bet365 sign up offer，Must believe in the transcendent purpose set by God。Compared to the humanistic self-rescue plan，There are very few echoers of Ellul’s theological “his plan of salvation”，It can be said that it was shelved to the edge of academics。However，Perhaps we should see the dimension of thinking opened up by Ellul beyond anthropocentrism。

bet365 sign up offer is essentially independent of people，Not just a conjecture，It is an actual social phenomenon。Norbert Wiener pointed out in "Cybernetics" first published in 1948，Have memory、Learning automata are not science fiction，Thermostat、Automatic compass sailing system、Auto-propelled missile、Air defense fire control system、Automatic machines such as automatic control of petroleum cracking distillers and ultra-high-speed computers have long existed。Of course，What Wiener calls independence、Automatic bet365 sign up offer，Mainly refers to the self-regulation of bet365 sign up offer、The ability to self-proliferate，There is still a long way to go before human autonomy。What we call daily people make their own decisions，Refers to a person’s willingness to achieve a certain goal，Reflects human free will。The automaton described by Wiener does not have a purpose of its own，Their autonomy is only reflected in the ability of self-feedback，Therefore only formal but not substantive autonomy。

Substantial autonomy，You should understand the purpose and significance of your own existence。How is it possible for bet365 sign up offer to understand itself？Maybe，Many people today have the belief that "man is an end" firmly established by Kant。But，With the continuous development of science and bet365 sign up offer，Humanism may increasingly fall into a “crisis-ridden” situation。Brian Arthur, the founder of complexity science, pointed out: "The current mainstream bet365 sign up offer is a system or a functional network，A metabolism of ‘object-execution-object’，It senses its environment and responds appropriately by adjusting itself... in fact，In the future, such a system will not only be able to form itself、Self-optimization、Has cognitive abilities，It can also be self-integrated、Self-healing and self-protection。”

We measure people by Arthur’s technical system scale，You will find that not only can people not be the controller of technical systems，On the contrary, it is nothing more than an organic version of this system: the human organism corresponds to what Arthur calls "things"，Human neural activity is “execution”。This way，Human wisdom is redefined as an algorithm，The entire human body can be defined as an organic technical system or information processor。Information processors need to be constantly upgraded，Given that the computing power of inorganic organisms is much higher than that of organic organisms，There seems to be only one upgrade path left for people: from organic to inorganic or higher forms，Otherwise it will be reduced to processed information。Maybe，We will have to admit that Ellul was prescient: if man only trusted in his own talent，Watching the self-growth of bet365 sign up offer，Let bet365 sign up offer follow its own path，Instead of seeking to upgrade oneself，It will "reduce to the level of catalyst"。

　　(bet365 sign up offer article is a phased result of the National Social Science Foundation Youth Project "Research on German Media Philosophy since the 1980s" (19CXW014))

(Author’s unit: School of Journalism and Communication, Qingdao University)