Since Henry Jenkins first proposed a cross -media narrative in 2003，This concept is spread in the academic and industry，Expressing lasting vitality。After many years of completion，This concept has developed into a narrative theoretical system，It can summarize some of the operating methods of some media practice。But，Some people may look at Wenta，Ignore the strictness and systemicity of the concept，Some misunderstandings of the concept of cross -media narrative。This article will integrate the expression of relevant scholars，On the basis of clearing some common misunderstandings，Give a theoretical concept analysis。

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　　The most common misunderstanding of cross -media narrative concept is，Understand it as the content of the story on a variety of media content。For example，Think that a novel is published in the form of paper books and then adapted into a movie，or published to the Internet，is cross -media narrative。This cross-media narrative is only understood as a cross-platform (Cross-Platform)。Platform generally refers to the presentation of media content or distribution channels (book、Magazine、Movie、TV、Blog、Forum、social media, etc.)。Cross -platform only changes the content of the content，Just changed a technical expression form or distribution channel，It did not substantially extend the narrative。This can be called cross -media or cross -platform distribution，But it cannot be called a cross -media narrative。

So，If you extend the story while cross -platform，bet365 live casino games Can it be called a cross -media narrative? Not so。We need to clarify who is participating in the extension of the story，In addition to the author and media operator，Cross -media special emphasis on the participation of the audience。Because，The so -called "cross" is not only a technical fusion、Tong，It is also "technology、Industry、Market、Reconstruction of the relationship between content style and the audience。The core is not how many mediums have been used，How much is the content that is suitable for various media，and the reconstruction of the entire production relationship。In cross -media narrative，Tracking of the audience、Discussion and opinions will affect the direction of the story，Their creation will also constitute a part of the entire work。Brief words，The audience is both consumers，Also content producer。

other，Cross -media narrative is not a multimedia (Multimedia) narrative。Multimedia generally refers to a single application or website that contains video at the same time、Audio、Text and other presentations。So，Multimedia narrative generally refers to using a variety of media forms when presenting a story，In fact, the story does not take the story，Not to mention the story of extension。

content on narrative，People often think of classic cases such as "Star Wars", "Matrix", "Harry Potter" and "Ring Ring King"，These are fictional stories。So，Is it possible that non -fiction cross -media narratives? The answer is yes，As long as the story has enough ductility，It can also build the story of the story of the story。

The above misunderstandings can not be said to be completely wrong，Cross -media narratives really need to be extended through a variety of media or platforms，Indeed, the author and media operators bet365 best casino games still occupy an important position，It can indeed present the story in the form of multimedia，It is indeed more convenient for the creation of fictional stories。That is to say，These are elements that constitute cross -media narratives。But I can't tell the other way，Individual elements can define as all cross -media narratives。

　Grasp the core element

Through the above analysis，We will naturally summarize the indispensable three elements of cross -media narrative: cross -platform、Expansion of participating creators、The extension of the story。Below will analyze the relationship between the three elements and between them more detailed。

Cross -platform is a material basis for realizing cross -media narratives，Provide a variety of presentations and distribution channels for the story，It also provides discussion space for the audience (such as an online forum)，Easy to participate in more people。

The expansion of the participating team team is a narrative subject for cross -media narrative，Not only does the author and media operator，also includes consumers and fans。Even some groups that are considered lack of creative ability，You can also participate in the activities of building a story universe。For example，Heather Lawver, a teenager, founded a realistic school newspaper for Hogwarts Magic School in Harry Potter，"Published those fantasy world that can guide readers to believe in" Harry Potter "is a real article，This can open their minds，Let them explore the original work、Deeply dig characters and analyze beautiful literary works "。Results，In the absence of adult direct intervention，Children from all over the world become the author of the fantasy kingdom。

The audience can be divided into four levels。One is the audience of a single bet365 Play online games media product，If the audience of a TV series or the reader of the comic。Second, the audience of a variety of media products，If you watch a movie，Readers and audiences of paper books and stage dramas。Third is to share the content online，Fans who actively participate in dialogue discussions。Fourth, fans who create new content and extend the world of the story。The first two may become latter two，Is a potential participation creator。Cross -media narrative especially emphasize the role of the latter two，They dare to declare their rights to share and create，It caused impact on the traditional intellectual property system。

The extension of the story is the soul of cross -media narrative，The narrative will eventually be implemented on the extension of the story。The extension of the story often occurs in a single medium，Successive serialization、Film sequel，Then extend to other media forms。The basic principle of extension is: on the basis of retaining the background and character of the original story，Add new events and new characters，These new contents need to deepen the emotional connection between the audience and the original story。Look more carefully，Story extension can be divided into four stages: creative core story、Extension core story、Form a series of stories、Constructing Story Universe。

Core stories are important to whether the story can be long -term vitality。For example，"Star Wars", etc., can become a series of works across generations，An important reason is that the story of the original trilogy is open、Non -closed loop，No clear beginning and end。This，After the creation can be traced backward，You can continue backward，to form a discrete state that spreads around the core story。Disclosing the state that ensures bet365 live casino games that the later stories have an emotional connection with the previous story，It guarantees relatively independent，Do not let the new audience affect the experience due to lack of background。

In the process of extending the core story，Can it stimulate the extensive discussion of the audience，Is the key to the success of cross -media works。For example，The creator deliberately buried a lot of hints in "The Matrix"，caused fans' puzzle solution activities，The creators deliberately refused to give the answer positively，Only provide some vague comments。No matter what the fans have discovered the meaning，The creators are very happy，I kept imply that there are more secrets in the film。If the fan community mobilizes collective wisdom，If you work hard，There will be more discovery。And，These fans are usually the fans of the animation and game version of "Matrix"。

The result of a successful story extension is，Create a universe。Existence in this universe、Set、Physical Law、Social Guidelines and Incidents，It is the logical basis of all stories。"Star Wars" clearly uses "force" as the core concept，Following it to expand drama conflicts; "Harry Potter" explained the connection and boundaries between the magic world and Muggle world at the beginning，Conditions triggered by various magic。If the rules are unclear，It is difficult to explain the character logic of the characters and the mechanism of the incident，It is difficult to produce logical drama conflicts。Once this universe is completed，No longer transferred by the author's will anymore，Because of any creation of world logic，It is considered not to belong to this universe。In recent years，Some fictional works in our country are also going to series、The direction of the cosmicization。

In the actual cross -media bet365 live casino games narrative practice，Cross -platform、Expansion of participating creators、The extension of the story is not an independent way，Instead of integrating each other、Parallel does not contrary。The three are organically unified combination，Finally form an open、A regular universe，Only a successful cross -media narrative practice。and those media practice involving only one or two aspects，It can only be said that cross -media narrative strategies are applied。Cross -media narrative strategy can not only be applied to movies、Creation of game products，can also be widely involved in reality，Education workers、Non -profit organization、Follow the non -governmental organization, etc.。

　Exploring the history of development

Today's cross -media narrative research，Often limited to contemporary classic works such as "The Matrix", "Harry Potter" and "Ring Ring King"。If you are more early，May mention "Star Trek" or "Dr. Mystery"。Actually，As early as the 1930s，Many popular stories，such as "Batman" or "Mickey Mouse"，It has extended to different media (comics、Magazine、At the same time。At the same time，The fan community is also very active，Participated in the extension of the virtual world。These early practices are also in line with our definition of cross -media narrative concepts，It should not be excluded outside the discussion。

If we put our eyes longer for a longer time，Maybe you will find it，Cross -media narrative strategy is not a new phenomenon。This phenomenon has long been founded by conflict between the old media and the new media、In the combination of compromise，This requires us to develop a "archeology" for cross -media narratives。

(This article is the National Social Science Fund Youth Project "The German Media Philosophy Bet365 lotto review Research since the 1980s" (19CXW014) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: College of Literature and News and Communication of Qingdao University; College of Marxist College of Qingdao University)