Emerging human augmentation technologies，Based on nanoscience and technology、Biotechnology、Information Technology、“NBIC Convergence Technology” formed by the collaborative combination of cognitive science，Physical abilities to humans (body、Appearance、Endocrine, etc.) and mental abilities (cognition、Emotion、Morality, etc.) to regulate and enhance，Related technologies that fundamentally improve human beings’ functional levels。Currently，By medical drugs、Brain-Computer Interface、Gene editing、Human-machine collaboration、Extended cognition、Nano robots and other methods，It has been possible to achieve a certain degree of control and adjustment from a technical level。However，Emerging bet365 apuestas have changed the traditional evolution of the human species。For this method that relies on technology to rapidly change people’s internal and external aspects，There are many controversies in the academic community。Especially involving the enhancement of human mental abilities，Taking the human spiritual world as the object of technology，Emerging bet365 apuestas have the role of constructing and reshaping the human spiritual world。The in-depth “intervention” of contemporary emerging bet365 apuestas on people and society，To cause "people" and "society" composed of "people" to fall into a state of "deep technicalization"，This type of technology "directly" affects people "themselves"，And then challenge the real social order，Causing unprecedented “social problems”。And the science facing emerging human augmentation technologies、Morality、Discussion on risks and governance in terms of people’s basic rights，can provide some universality for the healthy development of emerging technologies in the future、Reference opinions。

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For emerging bet365 apuestas augmentation technologies，Either in science、Morality is still a matter of basic bet365 apuestas rights，There are certain risks。

In science，There is a “reductionist misunderstanding” in emerging bet365 apuestas、The paradox of medical concept generalization and risks such as technical safety。First, the “mistake of reductionism” in science，That is, it is believed that the mechanism of human psychological activities and mental abilities is the same as that of other animals，Human social behavior is a continuation of the natural behavior of animals，And regard human mental abilities as resulting from a combination of operational behavior and reinforcement systems。This reductionist idea reduces human social behavior to biological effects，Cognition of human beings、Emotion、The uniqueness of morality and the subjective status of human beings have caused an impact，Therefore received a lot of criticism。The second is the “paradox of medical concept generalization” in emerging bet365 apuestas，About human cognitive bias、Emotional lack、Moral deficiencies and other phenomena are recognized as diseases or medical risks，And believe that it can be treated through biomedicine and other related technologies，Thus generalizing the original medical concepts such as "disease"。This poses a challenge to the general law of the emergence and development of "knowledge"。The third is technical security risks。From the perspective of technological consequentialism，Emerging bet365 apuestas have certain side effects and uncertainty about the enhancement effects，There is some kind of "moral dilemma"。

In terms of morality，Emerging bet365 apuestas subvert the traditional "human-technology" relationship，There is a tendency to objectify "people"，Derogating humanity and human dignity。Non-traditional enhancement of all aspects of human beings is technically feasible，But on a moral level, it is often questioned。Cognition、Emotion、The unified whole of "knowledge and intention" composed of moral and other characteristics，It is the prerequisite for being a human being。The emerging human enhancement technology intervenes and transforms these human traits from the physiological level through artificial means，In fact, it reduces people to "a tool、A group of chemicals” controlled by technology。Cognition、Emotion、Morality, etc. all have the characteristics of "humanity"，Unnatural means may overly interfere with these "human" qualities，Understanding human beings、Emotion、Morality can be viewed through data、The goal of manipulation and measurement by algorithms。This deprives people of their free will to a certain extent，So that human dignity is treated like tools or utensils，The sanctity and sublimity of it are destroyed，causing the “devaluation” of human nature。Because of this，Some scholars even think that，The so-called enhancement achieved through pure technological "immersion" rather than the enhanced subject's own rational thinking and own emotional process，It cannot bring about the comprehensive development of people in the true sense。

In terms of basic bet365 apuestas rights，Emerging bet365 apuestas augmentation technologies for bet365 apuestas autonomy、Freedom、Fairness and justice have had a certain negative impact。First, the derogation of bet365 apuestas autonomy。For example，Some use enhancement technology for future generations，In fact, it actually ignores the possibility and value options of the next generation to a certain extent，Reduced its autonomy。When individuals and even bet365 apuestas society are coerced by augmented technologies，It will also bring about the derogation of bet365 apuestas autonomy in a broader sense。The second is the violation of bet365 apuestas freedom。For example，With the popularization of technology，Possible “misuse” of enhancement technology，Thus threatening individual freedom，And then create the appearance、Character、Intelligence、Compulsion and monopoly on emotional and moral characteristics，Or reduce people’s possibilities and future choices。The third is the emergence of new issues of fairness and justice。Toned physique and appearance、Flexible adaptability、Good psychological quality and high moral quality, etc.，They are all key elements for people to participate in social competition。If all aspects of each individual are simultaneously enhanced by technology，The differences in competitiveness among members of society will not change much in general。But in reality，There are huge differences between different individuals in various aspects, especially in income levels，It is impossible to synchronize the purchasing power of enhanced products。In this way，A new inequality is created between the "enhanced" and the "non-enhanced"。

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Emerging bet365 apuestas enhancement technology is a cutting-edge technology aimed at transforming people themselves，The causes of risks are diverse。

Technical responsibility subjects lack awareness of responsibility。This reason of the technical responsible body，Especially reflected in the lack of humanistic care in the understanding of the relationship between technology and people，Leading to incorporating bet365 apuestas cognition into the technology design process、Emotion、Complex operating mechanisms such as morality are too simplistic。For example，Computational tendencies in cognitive enhancement，Consider bet365 apuestas beings’ complex cognitive processes from the outside in as computational activities，Ignore the non-computable domain of rationality。In emotional enhancement，Due to insufficient understanding of the mechanism of bet365 apuestas emotions、Lack of information，Technical responsible subjects often simplify bet365 apuestas emotions involving complex reactions such as conceptual content and somatic feelings into several basic emotion types for programmed modeling and calculation，Making it difficult to grasp bet365 apuestas emotions from the perspective of overall ability。In moral enhancement，Morality as a form of social consciousness，It has its own general laws in the process of emergence and development。If we only reduce bet365 apuestas moral behavior to biological effects，Simply advocates the use of natural science methods to solve complex social problems，It will lead to the reduction of subjectivity in bet365 apuestas virtue。In addition，About bet365 apuestas cognition in different cultures、There are differences in the templates of emotion and morality，It also puts forward higher requirements for bet365 apuestas enhancement technology。Due to the immaturity of relevant technical means and other reasons，There is also a certain degree of uncertainty in the enhancement effect。These all require the attention of the technical responsible body。

The effectiveness and rationality of technology users are not sufficiently prudent。Emerging human enhancement technology initially uses technology as an experiential service to achieve certain human function enhancements，But in reality, technology will in turn hinder the diversity of people's emotional expression。For example，The effectiveness and rationality of "cognitive enhancement" are difficult to "unify"，Easy to magnify the objectivity of morality。This technology’s deep intervention in people’s mental state，It is often caused by the low technological literacy of technology users、Resulting from insufficient effectiveness and prudence in the use of bet365 apuestas。In this case，The subject of technology use may have jumped out of the usage consciousness constructed by the designer，Abandoned technical designers’ rules regarding the use of artifacts。If the use of this technology tends to be unreasonable，Departed from the original good intention of technical design，It may lead to ethical uncertainty in the use of technology，Bringing negative impact to society。Especially the emerging bet365 apuestas that target humans themselves，Therefore, improper use may even gradually corrode the form and content of human beings’ original spiritual life world。

Differences between different cultures and uncertainty in enhanced content。In current bet365 apuestas augmentation technologies，Except physical enhancement，Others such as cognition、Emotion、The type of enhancement of moral and other mental abilities in terms of its enhancement content，No unified understanding has been formed in bet365 apuestas history。Therefore，It is difficult to reach a cognitive consensus on the enhancement standards and enhancement goals of bet365 apuestas enhancement technology。Country、Region、Ethnicity、Religion and other factors，Cognition、Emotion、Concepts such as morality and their heightened uncertainty have an impact。In different cultural backgrounds，People not only show many differences in the development of bet365 apuestas augmentation technology，At the same time, there are differences in the acceptance of bet365 apuestas augmentation technology。This contradiction in acceptability mainly focuses on religious beliefs、National culture、School of thought、Career awareness and other aspects。The application and promotion of technologies that are contrary to various social and cultural concepts and value orientations，It will also cause corresponding social impact。

lag in relevant legal construction。The tension between the rapid development of emerging technologies such as human enhancement and the stability value emphasized by traditional law，Troubles humanity more and more，Also affects the steady development of related technologies。Emerging bet365 apuestas directly adjust the human spirit and body through various methods，Thus, people’s functional levels in all aspects can be significantly improved in a short period of time，This leads to the subjective identification of legal subjects、Many risks including identification of the nature of behavior and determination of legal consequences。We should boldly “enhance legislation”，With "enhancement rights" as the core concept，Pairs including physics、Cognition、Emotion、Legal discussion on various human enhancements including moral enhancement，And classify the levels according to the specific conditions of various enhancement technologies，Clear what scope of circumstances has what degree of enhancement rights，To avoid related risks。

From the perspective of technical value，No technology is completely neutral；From the perspective of the relationship between technology and society，Any technical risk has both diversity and complexity of causes。For emerging bet365 apuestas augmentation technologies，We cannot hold a technological utopia and turn a blind eye to its many risks，We cannot reject emerging technologies because of their existing risks of creating a technological dystopia concept。The correct attitude should be，Form a "differential development" model of enhanced technology，Strengthen and enhance the sense of responsibility and humanistic quality of technology-related subjects，Formulate and implement ethical norms and laws and regulations that are compatible with the development of this type of technology。We must guide augmentation technology to better develop in the direction of organic combination of "purposefulness" and "regularity"，Establish a controllable、Predictable relationship between people and skills，Thus truly benefiting mankind to the greatest extent。

　(This article is part of the National Social Science Foundation’s major project “Research on Humanistic Philosophy at the Frontier of Contemporary Emerging Augmentation bet365 apuestas” (20&ZD044) phased results)

(Author’s unit: Hunan Innovation Research Center for Science and bet365 apuestas Philosophy and Science and bet365 apuestas Ethics Governance、Hunan Women's University)