Buddhism as a foreign culture，It was introduced to Central Plains from India on the occasion of the two men，and then in the Three Kingdoms、Two Jin and other war division eras，Popular in Chinese society。But，The heterogeneity of Buddhism's own cultural heterogeneity makes the spread of "Middle -earth" cannot be smooth。First，It has to face the obstacles of language。Sanskrit as the text carrier of the Buddhist scriptures，Its grammar、Summary、Writing far away from Chinese text，How to "seal" Chinese -language，Make the Buddhist scriptures smoothly translate into Chinese，Difficulty in which missionaries must face。Second，Is a gap in culture。Buddhism with "empty" and "none" as a body、The root of the universe，See the material world as a combination of fate。Its religious spirit and pay attention to the "use of the world"、Active Han nationality concept has contradictions。How to explain the Buddhist doctrine accurately and acceptability，Is another test of missionaries。Last，Is the conflict of thought。Buddhism's clearing rules and the outlook of life and death in the soul，Most of the ethical outlines promoted by the central centralized people at the time were often incompatible，How to reconcile and resolve it successfully，It is also an important problem faced by missionaries。So，For a long time，Indian Buddhism can only play the role of vassal role of the mainstream Chinese culture，I even have to bet365 live casino games "change their heads"，to get an opportunity to barely based on Chinese society。

According to research，The original Chinese translation of the Buddhist scriptures mainly experienced the "interpretation" of the Vatican or Hu Seng (oral translation)，The process of being "pen" by the Chinese monk (recorded by others)。This "process" requires at least two "conversion"，One is the conversion between different languages ​​-to the Han (or to the van as Hu，Turn to Hu as a Han); Second, the conversion between different media — transfers as a book，or re -exit into a pen，Convert sound language into tangible words。Obviously，Even if the translator pays great attention to conveying the original meaning of the Buddhist scriptures，But after two rounds of inevitable "conversion"，It will also lose a lot of information。The worse thing is，The original translators of the original Buddhist scriptures are Vatican or Hu Monk，They are not familiar with Chinese themselves，So you need to ask the Han people to be a translation assistant，But the translator is not very familiar with Sanskrit。So，The translated text "Time Star", "Lost", "Abandoned Text" phenomenon is all。According to ancient Chinese translations (Chinese and ethnic minority languages、Dialects) Concept，The translation should follow the principle of "cultural quality"，"Wen" is the meaning of decoration，That is to make a rhetoric when the translation，Strive to approach Chinese; "Quality" is the meaning of simplicity，Using the literal translation method，To be loyal to the original text。Because the "translation" skills that have no reference between exotic language and culture before，So the translators of the Han Dynasty mostly adopted bet365 best casino games the method of "abandoning the text"，As a result, the Buddhist scriptures become obscure。Translators of the Western Jin Dynasty in the Three Kingdoms invented the method of "Geyi" -、Number of things with names，It is proposed to match Chinese Confucianism、Taoism and other classic nouns、category、Thought，However, although this approach provides convenience for understanding Buddhism，But too many "free translations" also cause readers to be unable to reach the disadvantages of Buddha's essence，Sometimes it will "solve" related doctrine。

Eastern Jin Dynasty，苻 Qin Gao Monk Dao'an summarized the success or failure of the translations of the past generations，Putting the insights of "Five Llessing" and "Three Unsable" insights，Make specific specifications and requirements for how to faithfully convey the original meaning of the Buddhist scriptures。The so -called "Five Lost Book"，That is "one，Hu Yu is exhausted, and from Qin，One lost book。Two，Qin people good text，Qin people good text，Chuanke's heart，Non -text，Sri Er lost the original。Three，Hu Jing Committee learned about sighing，Ding Ning repeated，or three or four，Not annoying，Hu Youyi，Three lost books also。Four，Hu Youyi，It seems to be a mess，Finding Speaking，Text is not different，or a thousand five hundred，刈 刈，Four lost books also。Five，All things have been completed，It will be more and more than，Anti -pre -resignation has，After that, I said to be removed，This five lost books also "。It involves Brahma、Questions between Chinese characters、Rhetoric Questions、Simplified problems of the style、Modern problems、narrative question, etc.。Brief words，bet365 best casino games Translators must not add deletion and delete the original text at will，Do not sacrifice the original meaning of the Buddhist scriptures in order to satisfy readers。The so -called "Three Not Easy"，That is "Ran" Prajna Sutra "，Heart of San Da，Shengbi Yinshi。Shengbi Yinshi，Time is easy，Delete Yagu，To this time，One is not easy;，Sage 叵 step，I want to use a micro -words on the top of Chitose，Chuan envoys below the king of Hebai，Er is not easy;，Destroyed for a long time，His Holiness Da Jiaye Ling Five Six Sixth Tong，Diecha Lingshu; Today, I leave the millennium，Eliminated by the significant amount，Pei Araham is so embarrassed，This life and death are peaceful if this，Will those who do not know the Dharma brave? San San is not easy。"It is about the context of the times、Readers' changes and translator's own quality，Difficulty in the translation of the scriptures caused。If you say，"Five Lost Books" focus on the spatiality of translation，So the focus of "three difficulty" is the time nature of translation，The combination of the two vividly reflects the superb translation thinking of the debut.，Established basic principles for the translation of the Buddhist scriptures at the time。

But，"Five Llessing Books" and "Three Not Easy" are not just simple translation principles。Considering the background of the era proposed by historical situations and related "principles"，The proposal of "Five Llessing" and "Three difficulty" seems to be more explained。Dao'an life，Xuanxue Daxing，Lao Zhuang's "Dao" is explained by Wang Yan and others more. More places appear in front of the world with the image of "nothing"，The idea of ​​"precious roads" is prevalent in society。bet365 live casino games Dao An knows，To enable Buddhism to spread in China，It must be compatible with the local culture of the native times，There are basic concepts，Use Wei and Jin Xuanxue、There are basic concepts，From the perspective of this body theory，To understand、Notes and clarify Buddhism。At the same time，Dao An also has his own ambitions，Want to borrow the Zen science of "entering the WTO"，To solve people's belief problems in the form of "Chongben"，Emphasize the so -called "openness of things"，"Make the world and forget me"。So，In his translation theory, it will naturally inject some "philosophy" elements。

You can ask，What is the "book" in "Five Lost Books"? According to the general statement，"Ben" in the translation activity refers to "Original"，But the original text includes two aspects: content and form。Dao An Although in the discussion of "Lost"，"Ben" is finally positioned as "purpose" and "meaning"，The original content and meaning of the Buddhist scripture。But he emphasized，Sentence、Text、Style, etc. is a "meaningful form" of the Buddhist scriptures，Delete not translation is also "lost"，Abandoning these is equivalent to losing the true nature of the Buddhist scriptures。In other words，In the translation of the Buddhist scriptures，The truth of the original code is far more important than the reader's habit。This can actually be understood as a consistency of paying attention、Language philosophy of the same literary quality -form is content，Lost form is the loss of content。This is also in line with the idea of ​​"no matter no matter" -the body is a non -specific、The existence of beyond concept。The interpretation of Buddhism，Itself reflects two different words、Dialogue between Bet365 app download culture，"Ben" "Lost" and "Non -Lost" obviously involved the problem of language interpretation and understanding，In abstract speculation，The interpretation of the translation is amplified。

Look at "Three Not Easy"，Literal understanding，What it emphasizes is not easy to use ancient and present、Do not easily use shallow depth、Do not easily make the original classic。But the careful taste can be seen in the clue: the first sentence "Ran" Prajna Sutra "，Available in the face "，It is for the "Five Lost"，The significance of highlighting the Buddhist scriptures is universal，"Acting" allows different human body to realize the true meaning of the universe and life;，The interpretation of Buddhist teachings should adapt to the era; the three sentences focus on "the desire to use a micro -words on Chitose，Chuan envoys below the end of the king of Hebai "，The explanation of the meaning of the Buddhist scriptures must be popular、Volkswagen; Four sentences of the interpreter of the interpreter，I must be in awe、Knowing difficulty and entering。The translation of the Buddhist scriptures is not only "the words of the Quartet"，It is even more "thousand -year -old words"，Classic original meaning in the same way、Reader's understanding of multiple contents。So，The practical significance of the translation Buddhist scriptures is also manifested -let the human body recognize the truth of the Buddha's nature。

Dao'an's "Five Llessing Books" and "Three Not Easy".。From the late Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Northern and Southern Dynasties，Fa Xian、Fa Yong、Zhiyan and other monks，It is the principle of "Chinese -style" translation interpretation created by Dao'an，Westward trip to the West，Break the Brahma Monk、Hu Seng's monopoly of the translation bet365 Play online games of the scriptures，On the basis of losing the original meaning of the Buddhist scriptures，"Chinese" words "Sanskrit"，Let the Indian Buddhist scriptures enter a new language world through translation，Let Buddhist doctrine enter the daily life of Chinese Buddhists by interpreting the meaning。Since then，The translation of Buddhism and Han translation is chaotic and disorderly，The quality of the translation is incompletely relieved。More importantly，Chinese Buddhist interpretation also ushered in its original paradigm。

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