The vast and dangerous Yin Mountain Range，With its majestic momentum，Crossing in the central part of the Inner Mongolia Plateau。Located in the south of Inner Mongolia on the south side of Yin Mountain，Halls ups and downs，River Twitch，Lake Star Polish，Distributed with many primitive cultural settlement sites。Miaozigou site is located in South，12.5 km, the land of Guiwura, the government where the government is located in the northwest，About 7 kilometers from Huangqi Sea to the north。The site is divided into districts and village north、Area II in the transition zone of the third -level platform。Where，Area Ⅱ area is about 200,000 square meters，Not excavated。Miaozigou site Ⅰ area is about 30,000 square meters，Three excavations through 1985-1987，The excavation area is about 10500 square meters，Discovered 52 rooms and more than 180 cavities distributed inside and outside the house，78 human bones in the room site and acupoints。A large number of complete and recoverable pottery is unearthed in the site、Stoneware、Bone angle and mussel，and a large number of animal skeletal specimens (Wei Jian: "Miaozigou and Dam Gully -New Stone Times Site Excavation Report"，China Encyclopedia Publishing House 2003 edition)。This is the largest site area currently excavated in central and southern Inner Mongolia、Save the most complete、The richest relics have been unearthed、One of the sites with in -depth archaeological research。Because of its characteristic archeological cultural connotation，Together with a group of relics with the same cultural appearance，Therefore, the archeological culture is named "Miaozigou Culture" (Wei Jian: "Theory of Miaozigou Culture"，"Green Fruit Collection -Anniversary Archaeological Paper Collection Bet365 lotto review of the Establishment of Archeology at Jilin University"，Knowledge Press 1993 edition)。

　　bet365 best casino games

The Yellow Banner Hainan Coast Helbing Terrace where the temple Zigou site is located，Loess accumulation is thicker，The slope is relatively smooth，Provides basic conditions for the preservation of the settlement。The houses in the settlement of the temple Zigou site are basically northwest -southeast in the high line of the high line at a height difference，From the partially damaged ditch to the top of the slope，It can be roughly divided into 10 rows，4-7 seats in each row of 4-7 seats ranging，No broken relationship is seen。Except the three -seat site door at the northernmost tip of the site，Most of the rooms are sitting in the west and east in accordance with the ground，The door is slightly northeast，Backwind to the sun。

The relics of Miaozigou culture are divided into early、Middle、In the evening three issues，Among them, the unearthed relics unearthed at the temple Zigou site belong to the medium and late stages of the culture，The scope of the age should be 5400-5000 years away from today。Two relics of the two phases of the temple Zigou site should be continuous development，The span of its age is not very large。In the 52 -seat address of the cleaned up in Miaizigou，Judgment of the age of the room address and unearthed pottery，There are 15 seats in the medium -term room，There are 35 rooms that belong to the late period; the remaining 2 rooms are unearthed due to excessive break and no relics，No installment yet (Wei Jian: "Miaozigou and Dam Gully -New Stone Times Site Excavation Report"，Page 545-549)。The 15 -seat site belonging to the mid -term stage is also evenly distributed in all parts of the site，It reflects the status of the relative distribution of room address in different stages of room address in the settlement layout。

The site of the temple Zigou site gradually densely densely densely densely intensive，Slope Xia Trench along the trench，About 6-10 meters apart between Bet365 app download the sites of each row of rooms，and the slope row and the row are shortened to about 4-6 meters。In each room site，Often, the rooms that are similar to each time are relatively closer，The distance is generally two or three meters。There are more small straight or pocket cellars in the room site，Large rectangular straight wall hole is distributed around the site。Miaozi ditch sites are generally small，Except for the 4 -seater of the broken house where the 4 -seater is broken，Two largest rooms F10 and F45 are only more than 20 square meters，There are 7 seats with less than 10 square meters。The smallest room F2 is only 6-8 square meters，More than 20 rooms at 10-16 square meters，16-20 square meters of rooms at nearly 10 seats。The site of the temple Zigou site is not only a regular layout of the settlement，and the unearthed relics provide a lot of valuable information。Each house is more or less produced with various types of production and living utensils，To a certain extent, the organizational structure inside the settlement、Basic conditions of production relations and social development。

Due to special abandoned reasons，The site of Miaozigou basics basically retains the original appearance of the life at that time，A complete set of production tools were found in most rooms、Destiny utensils and decorations。For example，113 utensils unearthed in F15; F19 residential face and acupoints unearthed pottery、Stone、Bone、Corner、47 mussels; F22 residential planes and cavities unearthed pottery、Stone、​​Antlers and other 20 pieces; in H36 in H36 in the F25，Follow the bottom of the round pit，A total of 19 pieces of pottery and 3 pieces of grinding stones were placed in total。other，In a unit of people，The phenomenon of combining adult men and women with children or a room in the same room。For example，M25 buried three adult women、A bone of a teenager and two young children; M29 has three adults (two men and one woman) and a teenager's bone;，There are also two 6-8 bet365 best casino games -year -old child bones in the stove pit。Those who live together or burial，It is most likely a member of a family or a family。

　　clan society may have appeared

The settlement layout of the temple -Zigou site from the above、Analysis of unearthed relics and burial customs，We can get the following understanding。

First，The sites in the middle of the site are all obviously distributed，The doorway is basically eastward，No see in the development stage of the maternity clan system as the half -slope、Jiangzhai's heart -like，The settlement layout form with the clan tribe as the main body。

Second，The house is generally smaller，and show a trend that gradually becomes smaller from morning to night，No central architecture of public activity venue -like type。

third，The relative distance between the two or three rooms that are similar in the same age is often less than the distance between the row and the row，The acupoints and ash pit owned by the site of each room are between 3-4 seats，indicates that the owners of the two or three houses may have a closer kinship。

Fourth，Each house has a whole set of production tools and living utensils，Explain that the owners of these houses can produce and live separately，Or is it a unit of production and life with two similar two or three houses and the acupoints around it，Entering daily production labor and home life。

Fifth，Phenomena of people of different ages and gender in the same room or burial，Explain that these members may have closer blood relationships，clan society with family and families as the main body may have appeared。

　　Perhaps abandoned due to famine and plague

Miaozigou site is not found to be public cemetery，But in some houses and nearly a quarter of the cave、78 human bones in the ash pit。These discovery houses where the human bones are located and the acupoints inside and outside the house，Obviously not the cemetery specifically used to bury the deceased，Instead, it is used as a last resort to use the room site and the acupoints inside and outside。Part of the cave and the human bones on the interior bet365 best casino games of the room site are likely to have not been buried，This is known from the excavation scene。but，Analysis of the two young children's tombs found from the Damou site II Ⅱ，At that time, people may also have customs that buried minor children near the site。In the site of Miaozigou，There is a situation in the tomb of the universal pads in the cellar，And some often dig a small pit for a funeral pit at the bottom of the pit。but，Most of the deceased at the site of Miaozigou，It may be caused by the sudden change of the arrival。

If you have not encountered an irresistible sudden change, forced the residents of the time to escape quickly，And too late to take away all or most of production and living utensils，It is impossible to leave the scene at the excavation scene。So，What kind of sudden change may this be? For the residents at the time，Factors that can destroy a settlement，About about the flood、Fire、Earthquake、volcanic eruption、tribal war、Famine and plague。

The altitude of the temple Zigou site is between 1370-1350 meters，It is a loess accumulation formed after the lake retreat in Huangqihai。During the excavation of the site，No deposit dirt after watering is not found，There is no trace of the flood。Therefore，The possibility of destroying the flood is not existing。other，In the ruled units excavated and cleaned up，In addition to discovering individual bones，Almost no charcoal。and the site of the temple -Zigou settlement is all half -hole type，Build a roof with a wooden pillar in the upper part，If it is a fire, it is impossible to leave without charcoal，Therefore, the cause of the fire can also be excluded。As for the cause of the earthquake or volcanic eruption，It seems that it is difficult to find actual evidence at present。So，Is the tribal war caused a settlement abandonment? In the identification of 78 cases of human bone materials found in the site，No obvious hacking and artificial death are seen。Although some bones have the phenomenon of bet365 live casino games movement and defect，But in the corresponding relic unit，We also found a lot of mouse holes，Some corpses are even dragged into the mouse hole，and you can often see mouse bones。Therefore，The defect and position of individual bones should be caused by mouse disturbances。

Therefore，The abandonment of Miaozigou settlement is likely to be caused by famine and plague。It is also because it may be a plague，Destruction of the settlement will have a shorter process。In some burial pits，The arrangement of human bones is more orderly，Frequently different ages、Gender people are buried in a rectangular hole outside the room site，such as m19、m25, etc.。Some burials appear hasty and messy，Common people in the bones of the human bones、up and down stacked on the ground and abandoned in a rectangular large cellar，such as m4、M10 and M29, etc.。Some are the combination of mother, child or adult and child，such as m4、M18、M19 and M40, etc.。Many houses in the residence and indoor cellar of many rooms，The bones of common adults are abandoned at will，Children's bones are often buried on the dwelling surface of the stove pit or next to the stove。For example，The largest F10 in the site，In the two bag -shaped points in the front corner of the house，Bone bones of an adult。In a circular cellar in the back corner of the F8，Bone of a young woman buried，and the bones of two young children are placed in the stove pit with a diameter of only 60 cm in the center of the room site。This phenomenon is also found in F35 and F43 and other rooms.。other，There are sets of production and living utensils in most houses。but，Among the many relic units，I did not find any charcoal of food，In addition to the poor preservation,，It may also show the terrible level of famine and plague at that time。

To sum up，The situation reflected in the original settlement site of the temple Zigou shows，The Yellow Banner Sea area north of the Yellow River Basin has entered a period of prosperity of cultural development in the late Bet365 app download Yangshao。The existence of private concepts and private property、The facts of the production and life unit with family and family，The primitive settlement at this stage has been separated from the maternal clan society，Its social organizations may have entered the pair of marriage clan family with family and families as the main body of family and family。This also indicates，The central and southern part of Inner Mongolia at the foot of Yin Mountain is one of the important areas in the process of civilization in northern China，About 5,000 years ago，Just the same as the Central Plains began to enter the threshold of Chinese civilization。

(Author Unit: School of History, Renmin University of China)