During the bet365 bonus bets and Han Dynasties,Princes compete,Chu has the greatest momentum。The so-called "Chu" mainly includes Western Chu、Dongchu、Three places in Southern Chu。Nanchu during the bet365 bonus bets and Han Dynasties mainly refers to the Xiangzi Yuanli River Basin south of the Yangtze River。By 209 BC, Chen Sheng established himself as King of Chu,The Chu people in the three regions submitted to the bet365 bonus bets Dynasty in 69 AD respectively、15 AD、14 AD。However,Different from the people of Eastern Chu who were dissatisfied with the bet365 bonus bets system and rose up to resist at the end of the bet365 bonus bets Dynasty,Nanchu people are relatively stable,Never organized large-scale anti-bet365 bonus bets forces。To answer this question, we need to examine the implementation of the bet365 bonus bets system in the Southern Chu region、Operation status,Lejejan provided abundantly for this、Detailed materials。These slips were unearthed from an ancient well in the ancient city of Liye, Longshan County, Hunan Province,More than 38,000 pieces in total,Belongs to the administrative document files of Qianling County, Dongting County, bet365 bonus bets Dynasty。Through these slips,We can start from the establishment of local administrative system、Administrative Operations、Hukou arrangement and other perspectives,Analysis of the relatively stable institutional origins of the Southern Chu region in the late bet365 bonus bets Dynasty。
Research on local administrative bet365 bonus bets
The implementation of the county system means that local administrative organizations directly control the Nanchu area,Is an important political basis for bet365 bonus bets to exercise authority in the Southern Chu region。Liye bet365 bonus bets Slips reveal the time when the county system was implemented in the Southern Chu region、Scope and official structure。
First,About the time when the bet365 bonus bets county system was implemented in the Nanchu area。Many administrative documents with chronology on Liye bet365 bonus bets bamboo slips provide this information。Jian 8-755~8-759 is a document written in June of the 34th year of bet365 bonus bets Shihuang (213 BC),It says "Ji Cangwu was nine years old as a county",Jian 7-1 is an administrative document issued by the governor of Dongting County to each county in February of the 25th year of bet365 bonus bets Shihuang,Based on this, it can be determined that bet365 bonus bets Shihuang was around the 25th year of his reign,bet365 bonus bets has implemented the county system in the Southern Chu area,The Dongting was set up、Cangwu Second County。The Dongting County documents (9-1547+9-2041+9-2149) in October of the second year of bet365 bonus bets II (208 BC) and the previous Dongting County documents indicate that this system continued until the end of the bet365 bonus bets Dynasty,No restructuring during this period。The implementation of the bet365 bonus bets county system in the Southern Chu region can be traced back to 222 BC,From related chronological documents (8-757、8-1450、8-109+8-386、8-439+8-519+8-537)Come and see,The counties set up in this year at least include Qianling、Shangyan、Lingyang、Peng and other counties。
Second,About the scope of implementation of the bet365 bonus bets county system in the Southern Chu region。Several important downward documents on Liye bet365 bonus bets bamboo slips (8-159、9-713) records the counties to which Dongting County documents need to be delivered,According to this, Dongting County has jurisdiction over at least twelve counties,Mainly distributed in Yuanshui, Hunan Province、Lishui Basin。With the release of new newsletter,Yiyang、Anyang and other counties have also been demonstrated as counties under bet365 bonus bets Dongting County,The total number is eighteen。Recently,Based on Jane 7-11 published by Zhang Chunlong,Xia Jun、Changsha is also recognized as a county under Cangwu County。It can be seen that the bet365 bonus bets county system has been implemented in Xiangshui、The middle and lower reaches of Zishui。
Third,About the official structure and characteristics of the county and county system in the Southern Chu region of the bet365 bonus bets Dynasty。As seen on the bet365 bonus bets bamboo slips in Liye, the officials of Dongting County include many military assistants,Like Dongting Sima、Dongting hair crossbow、Dongting Marquis and Dongting Chief,Some military officials are like Sima、The commander of the soldiers stationed within the boundaries of Qianling and other counties,Command several soldiers to coordinate military operations。As seen on the Liye bet365 bonus bets Slips, the officials of Qianling County include the county captain、Lieutenant、shooting crossbow、Principal、Senior officials and other military positions of various sizes,There is also a Wei Cao in the county court。All of the above,The county system implemented by bet365 bonus bets in the Southern Chu region has obvious military control overtones。
Research on bet365 bonus bets Operations
The county administrative system operates effectively,In order to ensure that the will of the bet365 bonus bets Central Committee is spread from top to bottom in the Southern Chu region。Liye bet365 bonus bets Slips are mainly administrative documents received or issued by Qianling County in bet365 bonus bets Dynasty,It records a number of documents issued by the central government and documents transferred between counties,Be able to reveal the implementation of the bet365 bonus bets system in the Southern Chu region from the perspective of administrative operations。
First,Vivid facts about county-level administrative operations in Nanchu area。Liye bet365 bonus bets Slips not only present the various departments of Qianling County、Cooperation among officials、Specific procedures for efficient transaction processing,It also shows the game between upper and lower departments、The process of passing the buck。For example, Jane 8-769,The superior department requires Qianling County to donate two kinds of specialty fish,In order to implement this task,The Qianling County Court asked village officials who are familiar with the local conditions to report the species characteristics of this fish,The township chief may be trying to escape the burden of fishing,Answer: I don’t know about this specialty fish,Hometown official、Qianshou、Officials and disciples were carried out to testify。
Second,About the problems that arise in the specific operation of county-level administration in Nanchu area。A document called "Zhi of Qianling Officials" was unearthed from bet365 bonus bets bamboo slips in Liye,It records the specific number of vacancies for each type of official in Qianling County,Another document clearly mentions that Qianling County has “a few residents”,Not enough to do anything”,Obviously the lack of staff affects the normal administrative operations of Qianling County。Shen Gang pointed out,Initiation of the system、Shortage of qualified officials,Objectively, it will cause obstacles to the implementation of central government decrees in local areas,Officials at the grassroots level also subjectively discount the implementation of government orders。
Research on the household registration bet365 bonus bets
The bet365 bonus bets household registration system not only lists the names of Southern Chu people、Age、Enter height and other information into household registration,And organize the people of Nanchu to implement management according to the township system,Easy for personal control。Various types of household registration statistics unearthed from bet365 bonus bets bamboo slips in Liye,Be able to present the penetration effect of the bet365 bonus bets system in the Southern Chu region from the perspective of social control。
First,About the establishment of township organizations in bet365 bonus bets Qianling County。Based on important documents such as Liye bet365 bonus bets Slips 9-567,bet365 bonus bets Qianling County arranges households according to township organization,Formed a layout of 3 townships and 6 li,Among them, Duxiang Zhiyangli、Gaoli,Zhichengli, Qiling Township,Erchun Township Zhinanli、Dongchengli and Yuli。The specific time when this pattern was established is still unclear,But Qianling County had Nanyangli in its early days、Nagisa,Also according to 9-127 and so on,The implementation of the township system in Qianling County can be traced back to at least August of the 25th year of bet365 bonus bets Shihuang。
Second,About the implementation of the household registration system in bet365 bonus bets Qianling County。Look at the information found so far,Liye Nanyangli household registration slip records the population composition of each household in Nanyangli、Personal identity、Name and other important information,Represents the early form of household registration arrangement in Qianling County。Except for such documents,Also login height、Household registration of age and other information、Summarizing household registrations for each household。It is clearly mentioned in Jane 16-9,Qiling Township, Qinling County, Qinshihuang moved to Qiling County in May of the 26th year of the bet365 bonus bets Dynasty and has obtained relevant information of 17 households except for their yearly registration,Indicates that Qianling County is already carrying out household registration work at this time,The implementation of the household registration system should be no later than this。These materials provide valuable clues for further exploring the implementation of the household registration system in Qianling County, bet365 bonus bets Dynasty。
In summary,Liye bet365 bonus bets bamboo slips follow the county system、Rural system、The household registration system and other aspects show the historical process of the bet365 bonus bets system in the Southern Chu region,Reveals a vivid picture of the bet365 bonus bets system being implemented in the southern region,It helps to enrich and deepen our understanding of the bet365 bonus bets system。
(Author’s unit: School of History and Archives, Yunnan University)
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