Historical figure evaluation is a long -lasting and new important issue in historical research，It is also the basic prerequisite for building a Marxist materialist history viewing system now。Evaluation of historical figures based on the historical view of materialism，It is a guidelines that historians have always adhered to for a long time。Historical figure evaluation fields have occurred in the field of evaluation，Some researchers "due to the bias of the historical view or the school method" caused the research to "appear deviation"，History nihilism is even more intentional to "turn" and solution for historical figures，Use the theory of abstract human nature to perform the "Super Class" review，Turn the power of the historical figures, right and wrong。This requires evaluation、When analyzing historical figures，must first adhere to the correct view of history。

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People are the subject of historical activity，It has always been an important content of historical research。The task of historians is not limited to just understand the life and practical activities of historical figures，Do not comment on them。Marxist classic writers put the correct evaluation of historical figures in the important position of historical sciences，I think no one will have no history and history。To make a correct evaluation of the specific historical figures，First of all, you must solve the problem of historical views。As the basic concept and general view of history，History view is a position that describes any historical and evaluating historical figures.。The reason why the evaluation of the same historical figures is different，In addition to the influence of the knowledge level of the evaluation subject，The deepest reason is the difference in historical concept。Standing on different positions、There are different historical concepts，Evaluation subject will make different or even opposite judgments。

Marxist materialist history view is the only scientific view of history。and the ultimate cause of social phenomena and its development into mental factors，or the "History History Views", "Genius History View"Bet365 app download , "Superman Philosophy" and other idealistic historical views such as "History of History" with individual characters，Marxist materialist history concept will introduce practice into the field of thinking，Study the general law of historical development from the perspective of thinking and existence.，Pay attention to how the historical process itself develops，Also reflect on the relationship between the relationship between the historical process and the historical concept; both oppose pure objective theory，Also against the only theory of will，Therefore, the relationship between historical understanding and history is scientifically handled，It has opened up a new model to understand the history of human society。Marx wrote in "German Ideology": "This view of history is different from idealist history，It is not looking for some category in each era，but always standing on the basis of real history，Not explaining practice from the concept，Instead, the formation of the concept from material practice。"So far，The reason and survival that is upside down by idealism、The relationship between cognitive and life is reversed back。

The establishment of Marxist Material History Gives the new meaning of history，Make historical figure evaluation with scientific criteria and basic follow。First, we must put historical figures in a certain historical scope for inspection。People cannot create their own history，and can only "encounter directly、established、Create from the conditions inherited from the past "。The purpose and significance of historical figure activities can be truly obtained only from the specific historical conditions at that time。Second, we must explore the class interests represented by historical figures and the ethnic relationship environment for the ethnic relationship。In a society in which class society and class existence，Everyone is "the burden of certain class relationships and interests"，"No one living person can stand without standing in this or that class"。Determine the class attributes of historical figures，To deepen its class interests and class and nation、The relationship between the country，Can't stay on a personal motivation。Third, we must follow the principle of seeking truth from facts。The development of social history is not any，Any interpretation bet365 best casino games of historical events and historical figures、Evaluation must abandon all the preconceived rules，Clearing the boundaries with all subjective idealism and objective idealism，Adhere to the actual situation of society，Grasp the real situation according to the true face of objective things，This is the basic scale of historical evaluation。

Some people mistakenly believe that the current outlook on materialism is "outdated"，I even think it is "pseudo -science"，Remove it，Or simply advocates the diversification of guiding ideology。In fact，Just as the British historian Jeffrey Paleklav pointed out，Material History View is "the only 'historical philosophy' that still retains vitality and internal potential today。It also realizes the fundamental change of historical concept and historical research methodology at the same time，provides the most explanatory thinking paradigm for historical figure evaluation and historical research、Concept system and theoretical principles。As a historical philosophy，History of materialism can not include all the rich content of historical development，But the theoretical principle proposed on the highest level of historical thinking is that any historical science cannot be avoided。

　　The essence of historical nihilism is the problem of historical view

The new historical period reappears historical nihilism，Methodism of ideal history and form of idealism as a measure of measures for the evaluation of historical figures，Continuously squeezing the history of materialism with a relatively independent discourse system and clear political appeal。It is under academic banner，But it is not academic trend，but a political trend。A wrong trend of misunderstanding as the historical view of Marxist materialism，The fallacy of historical nihilism in theory and methods is mainly reflected in the following aspects。

First is to deny the unity of historical evaluation subjectivity and objectivity。History nihilism evaluation historical figures are not "starting from the hardest facts"，Instead of starting from a specific intention，Prerequisites use various assumptions to "arrange" and determine the right and wrong of historical figures，Writing historical figures into "Activities for Imagination of Imagination"。or from bet365 best casino games the seeming opposite aspect，Advocated to evaluate historical figures with "neutrality" and "transcendent objective attitude"，Manufacturing the illusion of "restore" and "real" characters based on historical materials，So as a state of pseudo -proof and formal empirical evidence。Actually，Even if it is advocating "History itself has no meaning，The meaning of its meaning is the scholar given by historians，Do not agree with the historical facts that are purely fabricated and conceived views。

Second, treat historical figures with non -historic attitude。The purpose and significance of historical figure activities with the historical view of the materialist in the history of materialism are judged by the "established conditions" and the entire process of historical development.，Historical nihilism puts historical figures under the "selected condition" for evaluation，Use today's standard to ask the ancients。This approach，In fact, it is usually called modernization of history。Mao Zedong once said in the article "Commemorating Mr. Sun Yat -sen": "Mr. Sun also has his shortcomings。This is to explain from historical conditions，Make people understand，Can't demand for predecessors。"in a certain historical era can only produce a certain historical figure，This is the limitations of history。

Third, the "Super Class" was re -evaluated with the so -called humanity view。Historical nihilism advocates the use of abstract human nature theory to replace class analysis，As a result, it can only lead to historical figures "good people are not good" and "bad guys are not bad"。From the perspective of historical nihilism，Landlord Bully also has the side of "human nature"，Revolutionary leaders and heroes also have the "human evil" side。This is the case，The British Hede "Most Policies Start with the interests of Chinese Customs" "Merit Merit"、Yuan Shikai is a strange theory such as the "hero of that era" in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China，The objectivity of historical evaluation is gone。

Fourth is to distort the main facts with the details of "fragmentation"。The practical activities of historical figures cannot be reproduced，Critical review、Critical review、Fourth is to distort the main facts with the details of "fragmentation"。History nihilism deliberately highlights or even tampering with certain historical bet365 live casino games details，To achieve the purpose of beautifying or ugly historical figures。But，Even the real historical fragments，It is by no means a real historical figure。The truth of history is the true nature of history。The reason why historical nihilism cannot stand on the feet，Speaking of which，lies in the principles of truth -seeking, and basic historical facts and academic morals。

　Contemporary Construction of Material History Viewing the Talking System

Under historical nihilism words，The reason why historical figures often "described" and "constructed"，Except for this trend itself has great deception and confusion，It is also related to a tendency to discrete the historical view of materialism to some extent。From this，How to implement the theoretical guidance of the historical view of materialism in the research of historical figures，Become a question that needs to be thought in depth。

First，Explanation of the original view of the historical view of materialism。Since one period，History research on the dogma of Marxism、Rigid understanding phenomenon，Make the historical view of materialism loses the right to speak in many aspects。This phenomenon is also reflected in the evaluation of historical figures，If you think that class struggle is no longer the main contradiction in our current society，Class analysis method is outdated，Analysis of historical figures does not need to make basic class analysis，This provides opportunities for historical nihilism to preach the objectiveism of the so -called "super class" and abstract human nature theory。History guidance for strengthening the historical view of materialism，You must clarify which dogs that need to be abandoned，Which ones are misunderstandings that need to be clarified，Which is the theory that needs to be continuously enriched and developed in combination with new social practice，Back to the content of the historical view of materialism to the historical view of materialism。At the same time，The meaning of the historical view of materialism in historical research，Not only a objective and reasonable evaluation of historical figures，It is also necessary to rely on the new research path and method to deeper the internal internal of historical figures、Search for more reasonable factors。

Second，Scientific Appraisal Evaluation Standard。History field has formed class standards for a long time、Bet365 lotto review Productivity Standards、Progressive Standards、Moral Standards and other standards for evaluating historical figures，Each of them is valuable，But there are their own limitations。Historic figures are very different，Only use good and bad、Good and evil、Abstract words and standards such as progress and reaction to judge，It will inevitably cause metaphysics。If the use of moral evaluation standards，Material History Views Considering，The moral judgment of historical figures must be based on factual judgment，If you put aside the objective process of historical development、Real past，Put the so -called moral power、Personal moral、Emotional effects in character analysis are excessively emphasized to the highest status and core elements，Just ask for "good" but not "true"，The result will inevitably embark on the lost of moral decision theory。

third，Adhere to the principle of integrity。A basic clue and basic principles of the history of materialism in the history of materialism is integrity，Requires a comprehensive person to know the object、Take a look at and connect，Can't blindly investigate some of the details of the personal branches。Adhere to this principle，It is necessary to adhere to historicism，Aware and grasp the ideological practice of historical figures from the specific scenarios of social history，Let the historical figures "return to the past"，At the same time, grasp the unity of factual understanding and value understanding in the scope of time and space; use dialectical perspectives、Method to analyze the right and wrong of historical figures，Division of mainstream and tributaries，Viewing the essence through the phenomenon，Adhere to the unity of two points and key theories; we must adhere to the scientific research paradigm，No matter what the establishment is established, you must adhere to the position of Marxism、perspective and method，The banner of opposing the paradigm conversion to publicize the wrong claims such as "farewell to the revolution";，Make character evaluation is based on the facts itself、Based on the historical logic，"Save everything and the facts (from the facts of the facts rather than the fact that the connection to the fantasy) that is not consistent with the idealism of idealism"。

The so -called "the country of extinction，Must go bet365 best casino games to the history first "，"Go to the history，must first go to its representative historical figures "。Historical figures are subverted in this logical trap，Towards "nothingness"。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out，"Only by really understanding Marxism ... can you better identify various idealist perspectives、better resistance of various historical nihilism fallacies "。In the field of historical research，Marxist Material History Views will not occupy，The error of historical nihilism is inevitable to occupy。Guidance of Return and Persistence of Marxist Material History，Enhanced the explanation and influence of the historical view，With the right position、Perspectives and methods Treat characters and history，It is the theoretical consciousness of historian researchers in the new era。

　(The author is an associate researcher at the Institute of Contemporary China of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)