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Try and bankruptcy: reflect on Hedgger -style Marxism

May 28, 2020 04:54 Source: "China Social Sciences", May 28, 2020, No. 1935 Author: Deng Ding

　　In the development of Western Marxism，Some thinkers try to combine Marxist thought with some views in Western philosophy。For example, Marxism of Spearzaism、Analysis of the school's Marxism、Marxism of existentialism, etc.。Where，Thought of Marcasser，The academic community has always attached importance to the "Hegel -style Marxism" and "Freud -style Marxism" he proposed，but，For the "Heidegger -style Marxism" that he tried to construct in his early years，The academic world has not given the same attention。In the process of constructing this idea，Malcuscean described Dialectics、The relationship between materialism and phenomenology，Cleptication of the possibility of the material dialectics of a phenomenon。Among them, two basic issues: First, why is the dialectics combined with historical materialism? The second is how the material dialectics of a phenomenon is possible?

　　Dialectics and historical materialism

　　Malcusce first examines the origin of the concept of dialectics in ancient Greece。Where is Plato，Dialectics and "Logos" related，He thinks，Logins in the real discussion is preferred in logic Logos，The former is the existence of the latter.。Malcuscer's further point out，"Tyedad" indicates that Plato's philosophy and thoughts have entered a new stage，Because Plato discovered that the existence was "generated"，This discovery means that the facts of things include existence and generation、Same and difference。Specifically，The Logos of the Logic Scenes contained in things specifically displayed Bet365 lotto review as a generating exercise that contains the same existence，This process is dialectical movement，This is the dialectical method of realistic theory。Correspondingly，Dialectics in logic，As a rational cognitive ability，It aims to reveal the same dialectical movement in this difference。Ancient Greek traceability through the concept of dialectical law，can be found，Dialectics is not a logical method or cognitive tool，Instead, the real -generation movement characteristics of things，In other words，The fact of things is the dialectical movement。

　　According to the basic principle of "entity is the subject"，Hegel combines two aspects of dialectics，The dialectical process displayed by logic is the dialectical reality of things itself。Specifically，Simple entities were only potential links at first，The entity only expands itself in the world，Abandon all the differences，Reconstruction of its own same sex，Only becomes the real reality at this time。This work that rebuilds its own identity must be achieved through the "absolute" understanding activity of "absolute"。but，Hegel's dialectics is also facing a danger at the same time: real dialectics is formalized into a dialectical movement of psychological concepts，Especially when the theme of research turns to the survival movement of people，The limitations of the dialectics of idealism are more highlighting。

　　Marx Cave see this，He mentioned it in particular，"My dialectical method，Fundamentally，Not only with HegelDifferent dialectical methods，and the opposite of it "。Two aspects of dialectics since Plato -Real theory and logic — combined into one，This is Hegel's philosophical contribution。But，Marx bet365 Play online games further，transform the dialectics of idealism into the dialectics of materialism，Therefore, it describes people's survival movement more realisticly。Any type of movement is essentially dialectical，A person's survival movement is not enough，So，If you want to study the dialectical survival movement of the person，Must require dialectics。Compared with idealism，Materialism to get rid of the formal characteristics of all conceptual movements，Can further reveal the specific real movement of things，Therefore, in a deeper sense, focusing on the dialectics of realism。Marcuscer thus thinking，To reveal the survival movement of a person，Marx's dialectics is essential。

　　Except dialectical features，The survival movement of a person is also historic。Malcuscer thrown a question: "Can anyone existing and should be understood as a historical or dialectical existence? If not，Which of the existence can and should do the above understanding "? Obviously not any existence is history。Marcase found the root cause of thought from Marx's philosophy，Think that only a special existener is the history of history。In short，The survival movement of a person is not only dialectical，Also historical，Dialectical materialism must be the materialism of history。

　　Materialist dialectics and phenomenology

　　Malkore absorbed the thoughts of Marx and Heidegger，I think people are historical，At the same time, it also has the meaning of the argument，People are not only holding in their own "real" like animals，Can also surpass your own reality，Questions of the meaning of existence。Malcussea "Factory" Example，If it is not in a historical connection，We can’t see the factory directly、Machine、Workers, etc.，will only bet365 Play online games see a bunch of stones、Iron、A group of people。Only people ask the meaning of their own existence，In the past incident, it will not disappear，Only related to it now。link with it，Some events will always make new meaning in our current survival movement，So，Only people are the existence of history。

　　As mentioned earlier，Dialectic Law was related to Logos。Dialectics in logic reveals that things are "what is it"，But do not ask the meaning of the existence of things，that is, "as what is" (as it is, it appears as a certain，"As" activity)。visible，If you want to reveal the human survival movement, the dialectical historical movement，Logic is no longer a reliable display method，So，Malcusse turned to phenomenology，Exploring a phenomenal historical materialism how possible，Therefore, for Marxist philosophy found a new growth point in contemporary West。

　　How to combine phenomenology with historical materialism? after all，Heidegger once mentioned that phenomenology and dialectics "Water and Fire cannot be allowed"，"There is a real basic trend today，Try to associate phenomenology with dialectics，It seems to have to blend fire and water "。What needs to be pointed out is，The "water and fire" mentioned here are mainly for Plato、Hegel's idealism dialectics。On the one hand，Dialectics aims to explore the reality of things，But phenomenology reveals the significance of things; on the other hand,，Dialectics uses logic as the basic method，Clarify the real truth in the conceptual movement of logical argument，Phenomenology advocates intuitive and restoration，It aims to clarify the things that have not yet logiced each other。This looks like，From the main purpose to the basic method，Dialectics bet365 best casino games and phenomenology of idealism are indeed "water and fire"。

　　But，The dialectics of Marx is different from the dialectics of previous philosophy，It stands for the dialectics of Hegel's "head and foot"，This has created a dialectical method for materialism。Marcase affirmed Marx's materialist dialectics，I also saw the possibility of phenomenology and materialist dialectics compatibility，and in his opinion, this compatibility is also necessary。The logic lies in，A person's historical movement has dual characteristics: on the one hand，It is a possible generation movement，Therefore, it is dialectical，Methodism requires dialectics; on the other hand，It is also a historical movement，Continuously repeat the meaning of existence，If you want to reveal this survival phenomenon，Then you need phenomenology。At the same time，Marx's materialism abandon all formalization、Sports in concept，Showing a person's actual survival movement。So，At this point of the historical movement，Dialectics of phenomenology and materialism realized marriage。Malkase thinks，Both are the necessary methodological links for historical materialism。

　　Lack of "Specific History"

　　1932，Marx's "Manuscript of Economics 1844" was officially published，This incident is an important turning point for Malgsey, which is trying to build a "Marxist -style Marxist -style Marxist"。Because he found out from this manuscript: Since Marx's own work is about the overall history of people and the requirements of the existing regulations，Naturally, there is no need to use Heidegger's foundation to solve the problem of alienation of people。other，He also realized，Heidegger, although trying to use the method bet365 live casino games of phenomenon to clear people's historical survival campaign，But still stay at the level of survival theory，It does not describe the actual survival situation of the specific individual。In other words，Heidegger lacks a true "specific philosophy"。For the above reasons，Malcuscer will no longer try to integrate Heidegger and Marx，Began to return to Marx after 1933。

　　Despite this，Malcusse clarifies how the materialist dialectics of phenomenology may be possible or even necessary，This attempt is worth thinking about。For the overall historical movement of human beings，Materialist dialectics shows productivity and production relationships macro、Dialectics of economic foundation and upper -level buildings。At the same time，If you turn your eyes to the actual survival situation of specific individuals，For example, Marx's concepts such as "Workers", "Commodity", "Capitalist" and other concepts proposed in "1844 Manuscripts of Economics of Economics" and "Capital Theory"，The historical significance that they are described by specific people or things in specific production relations。How to clearly present these historical significance aspects，Malcuscer's phenomenology elements added from the methodology may provide some evidence。

　　but，Malcuscer tried to re -define materialism and dialectics based on phenomenology，This shows his main limitations in methodology。He never recognized，Only on the basis of historical materialism created by Marx，Focusing on the history、specific、Sensitive objects，Only to cut the social reality。In the world today，The difference between explaining the world and changing the world still exists。Although modern Western philosophy has bet365 live casino games been very different from Hegel and its previous era philosophy，But whether it is phenomenology or existentialism，The role they play is still at the level of explaining the world。Converse，The power of changing the world exists in those countries and nations that truly inherit and develop Marxism。

　　(Author Unit: Institute of Philosophy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

Editor in charge: Changchang