Specific German philosophers, although keenly grasped the globalization trend of world history，But I failed to jump out of the metaphysical mortar，Therefore, this globalization movement is explained from (priority or absolute) concept world。In the national doctrine of classical philosophy in Germany, it often contains a vision of world history，It means not to stay within the limit of the nation -state，Instead of explaining the direction of the political country in the global relationship that is universally connected。But it stays in the constraints of conceptual theory，Can't really grasp the nature of world history。Kant conceives the future of "permanent peace" for the political country in the field of world history，The state of peace between the country is a absolute order issued by the concept of freedom of freedom: "There should be no war。"Hegel regards absolute spirit as the master of world history，and the inevitable transition of the nation -state to the world's history has made a logical speculative expression: "The country itself is independent，The relationship between them can only be an external relationship，So there must be a third party above them，and link them。Now this third party is spirit，It gives itself realistic in world history，And is an absolute referee over the country。"But the construction of these conceptual theories does not have historical reality，The process that cannot really affect the history of the human world。The thinker of the world's historical process from the real relationship of capitalism is Marx。

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Marx's world market opened by the bourgeoisie as the material carrier of the world history，The bet365 best casino games inevitability of global expansion with bourgeois production relations to demonstrate the inevitability of world history。Marx pointed out: "The bourgeoisie，Due to the development of the world market，Make the production and consumption of all countries a worldwide。... The self -sufficient and retreat of the nation in the past and the nation of the nation，It is replaced by the interaction and dependence of all aspects of all aspects of various peoples。... the bourgeoisie，Due to the rapid improvement of all production tools，Due to the extremely convenient transportation，Getting all the nations and even the most brutal nations are involved in civilization。"" Capitalist World System，As a self -regulating mechanism that passed on its internal contradictions，It plays a very important role in maintaining the bourgeois rule of the central region。From Marx's view，The final destination of world history is not the capitalist world market，Instead of transcending and abandoning this existing system。Universal communication created by capital、The globalization system that is generally connected is the prerequisite for the proletariat to generally realize the free system of communism in the world。That is to say，Only in the field of globalization，The proletariat can overthrow the capitalist system and realize its own universal liberation。So，The political revolutionary form of the proletariat corresponds to the global "World Revolution"。

From Marx's view，The World Revolution is possible。This is the global market opened because of capital to achieve its own expansion.。As Engels said: "Greater Industry establishes the world market，The people of all countries around the world，Especially the people of various civilized countries，Tightly linked each other，So the people in each country are affected by what happened in another Bet365 lotto review country。"This global contradiction has at least two forms of expression in Marx: one，Of course, capitalism will pass on contradictions through the way of expanding foreign economy，But at the same time, it also shifted its own economic relationship and its contradiction structure; when the contradiction crisis of one -day capitalism has spread to every corner, there is no place to escape，The World Revolution will break out。Its two，Eastern countries have not yet completed capitalistization，But they have been included in the capitalist world market and used as one of the important parts。So，Oriental countries will also affect the normal operation of the capitalist world system。

At the same time，The World Revolution is also necessary。If the crisis of capitalism is limited to one country without transmission to the world，So this crisis does not have the ultimate significance，Therefore, it has not yet reached the final stage that cannot be self -regulated and endangered by self -denial。In other words，The capitalist countries that areolation of the crisis of isolation can (for example, through the method of foreign war or colonial output), pass on the country's crisis to other countries; in this case，The capitalist system still has the vitality of self -continuation，If you discard it, you can't talk about it。At the same time，If capitalism is still in an extension to the world，So regional communism can not only resist it with it，Instead, it will be swallowed by it; even if communism has initially formed in a country，"Any expansion of interaction will eliminate regional communism"。Especially those communist systems established in backward countries，Because it is under the surround of the capitalist world system，The survival of its regime is even facing major threats，Not to mention the active inheritance of the development of capitalism to achieve Bet365 app download industrialization of economic development (unless it uses some deformity、Unsustainable mode to complete this task)。On the contrary，If a country revolution expands to developed capitalist countries, it shows the trend of the world revolution，Then the communist regime of backward countries can obtain political and economic support from the proletariat of developed countries，Its construction and development will also be on track。

So，"Communism only acts at the same time as a" suddenly "at the same time as the dominance，Experience is possible "，"Only as the existence of the world's historic" can be achieved ";" united action，At least the joint action of various civilized countries，is one of the primary conditions for the proletarian to be liberated ";" The liberation of labor is neither a place in one place，Not a country's problems，Instead, social problems involving all countries that exist in modern society，Its solution depends on the most advanced country in practice and theoretical cooperation "。time to old age，Marx Insight the new change of the world structure，and precisely foresee，The proletarian revolution may take the lead in Russia; but he still insists on，The Russian Communist Revolution must be "the signal of becoming a Western proletarian revolution and the two sides complement each other" to achieve the final victory。

Visible，Marx's capitalist economic relations based on reality grasp the inevitable trend of "world history"，and then put forward the "World Revolution" action plan from abandoning the progress of capitalism。The goal of the World Revolution is to abolish the rule of bourgeoisie globally and generally realize the free system of communism，In this sense，It is the specific practice plan of Marx's world history concept。

　World history and proletariat liberation

Wish to know，The Communist Declaration has the following classic descriptions of communism: "Instead of the old and bourgeois bet365 live casino games old society with class and class，will be such a consortium，Where，The free development of everyone is the condition of all people's free development。"In fact，Marx has another similar expression in his later years、But the classic description of the world's historical field: "Compared with the old society with economic poverty and political stun，is born a new society，The international principles of this new society will be peace，Because every nation will have the same rulers -labor! "

From the perspective of philosophy，Kant's permanent peace is a perfect state derived from the philosophy of freedom，It is an absolute command that is over the experience world and requires the experience world to act like this。Because of its priority，Kant's absolute command is non -practical，In the face of living historical reality, it is "weak and weak" (Engels)，It may only be reduced to "abstract" (Hegel)。But communism is by no means this priority、Abstract、Weak and weak moral commands，It is deeply rooted in the actual relationship of experience，It is a specific conclusion generated from the actual possibilities of material economic relationships and class relations。Marx clearly states: "Communism is not a situation that should be established for us，It is not an ideal that is not reality to be suitable for it。What we call communism is the kind of real movement that eliminates existing status。"" to old age，He talked again: "What ideals do the working class want to realize，but just to liberate the new society factors that are breed by the old -collapsed bourgeois society themselves。"" "，Marx always insists on discovering factors that can achieve permanent peace in the objective world。Because there is really such a factor，He only put forward the "peace" claim; if you lose these factors，Marx is naturally willing to recognize the objective reality bet365 best casino games of "non -peace"。This can be seen，The abstract state presented by the permanent peace theory is not only the same as the world peace that is conceived by Marx，It can even be said to be completely opposed。

From the perspective of specific political models，Kant's permanent peace needs to rely on an international alliance formed by a country in the world to achieve。and because Kant did not propose a plan for transcendence in the national form of bourgeoisie，His so -called international alliance may only be a consortium led by the bourgeois political state。But Marx thinks，The real power that promotes permanent peace is not in the political state of the bourgeoisie -political state as an intermediary tool for the ruling class often serves foreign war for its expansion of interests; on the contrary，Real permanent peace must be based on the revolutionary union of the proletariat。It is a country that eliminates the country by eliminating the bourgeois political state、Union world peaceful state，It is also a kind of commonly eliminated class by eliminating the economic relationship of the bourgeoisie、Classless permanent peaceful state。Marx said: "The British worker class extended friendship with French workers and German workers。They are convinced，Regardless of the current abominable war process，Union of workers all over the world will finally rest all war。"The first international is an important attempt to promote the international union of the proletariat based on the historical perspective of the world。As far as its ideological route is concerned，Marx is undoubtedly an internationally "soul figure"，"All files published by the International Commission，From the Declaration of Establishment in 1864 until the declaration of the French Civil War in 1871，Almost all of them were drafted by him "; and as far as you practice,，It has also played the historic function of Marx'Bet365 app download s setting for it，That is "enable a country to understand the situation of other workers' class movements often"，"When international conflicts occur，Make the group joining the association can act together at the same time "。The International Workers' Movement and World Socialist Movement of the First International Word，Exhausting vigorously，Continuously impacted the political rule of the bourgeoisie，Deeply affects the process of world history。

(Author Unit: College of Marxism University of Tsinghua University)