The English translation of "Xi Jinping Talking about the Governance of the country" has been published in four volumes。This literature deeply answered under the new historical conditions，Major theory and practical problems of the development of the party and the country，shows the concept of governing the country with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core、The main content of the ruling policy and Xi Jinping's new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics。Publishing of English translations can help the international community correctly understand and understand China's development concept、Development path and its internal and external policies，So，Precision translation literature is of great significance。

Xi Jinping's diplomatic thought is an important part of Xi Jinping's new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics。The literature contains President Xi Jinping on all occasions on various occasions to explain my foreign policy、diplomatic concept、Speaking of diplomatic thought。Those who engage in diplomatic translation work know that the important documents of translation must be carefully carved，Must be accurate、Easy to understand，Maximum to ensure the maximum translation、The highest level is loyal to the original text。How to be loyal to the original text? Many people think the most insurance、The safest way is to word as much as possible、Do not land in the same word。I don’t know，Due to the cultural tradition of various countries、Social system、Thinking method、Historical evolution、Economic Development、Customs and habits are different，Especially expressing philosophy、Politics、Emotional words will have different meanings in different languages ​​and culture，Even the same thing、The same vocabulary，It may also be given different meanings in different cultures。This leads to many words in the translation process perfectly，But I don’t necessarily let people know what you want to say，Even causing misunderstandings。For example，The word "science" often appears in our current political discourse，The corresponding word in English is science。But when we talk about the "scientific development concept"，When we ask if "decision -making is scientific" and "whether the practice is scientific"，"Science" is not science or scientific，Almost correct、Precision、Reason、System、Reasonable synonym。and the English audience only uses the meaning of the word itself，When they heard science，It is likely that it is natural science。Obviously，This kind of mechanical literal translation or word -to -word translation，Not only not necessarily precise，It may also cause misunderstandings，Can't integrate Chinese and foreign。

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Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China，Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era。General Secretary Xi Jinping accurately grasp the laws of human society development，Comprehensively judge the trend of the international situation and the historical position of our country，I proposed a series of new concepts that lead the trend of human progress、New Profile、New initiative，Answer what kind of world should China promote the construction、What kind of international relations are built，What kind of diplomacy does China need、How to do a series of major theories and practical issues such as diplomacy such as diplomacy in the new era，formed Xi Jinping's diplomatic thought。Since it is a new idea、New Profile、New initiative，There is no ready -made foreign language expression，Even if there are similar，Can't copy it。This means，We must learn before we start translation，First understand the core meaning of the original words。Let's take "Diplomacy of Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics" as an example。

In November 2014, General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed "Diplomacy of Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics" at the Central Foreign Affairs Working Conference。"Xi Jinping talks about governing the country" Volume 2 Section 14 Special discussions on "Diplomacy of Great Powers with Chinese Characteristics"，There is a speech specifically explaining that China must have its own characteristics of a country with its own characteristics。How to understand? How to translate?，But when you see the "big country diplomacy", it is easy to remind people。The original book was written by Norman Rich, a well -known American international relations master (Norman Rich)，Originally namedGreat Power Diplomacy。Can I borrow it? first，Chinese "Big Power"，There are multiple correspondence words in English，such as Great Power，Big Country, Major Country, etc.，But they are different，It will bring different associations and sensations。"Great Power" gives people a strong country，To command Bet365 app download the country in other countries，Foreign policy that is "not dominated" in China does not match。Big Country，Often refers to large area、Popularity、"Big Power" with large economic volume and other physical indicators，and Major Country，Pay more attention to the importance of a country，Most of the main countries with strong soft power such as influence。Norman Rich's "big country"，that is 19、20th Century Ying、Method、Russia、Austro -Hungarian Empire、Germany and other major countries in the world，Use "Great Power" to define them in line with the situation at the time，Follow Norman Rich's positioning for them。So，Which English word should we use to translate President Xi Jinping's "big country"?

First of all, you must understand who the "big country" here refers to。Reading the speech of President Xi Jinping，Just understand，refers to China。Translated as Major Country is more appropriate。But the "big country diplomacy" proposed by President Xi Jinping and the "big country diplomacy" that Norman Rich said is not the same thing。Norman Ricci tells 19、In the 20th century, some major powers between major powers around the world politics pattern。and President Xi Jinping from the overall situation of the international situation、The stage of development in China、Major changes in the relationship between China and the world，It is pointed out that China must have its own big country diplomacy，Focus on the concept of China's foreign work，Put forward the establishment of a new type of international relations with win -win cooperation，Advocate common、Comprehensive、Cooperation、Sustainable safety concept，Put forward peripheral diplomatic concepts、For non -working policy，etc.。

So，President Xi Jinping explained how China should carry out diplomatic work as a "big country"、Promote human development。Just right，Just in the year of our translation of this literature，2017 CCTV began to play six episodes of "Diplomacy of the Great Power" feature film，The theory and practice of showing the diplomacy of great powers with Chinese characteristics。The third episode is clearly proposed，A responsibility、Responsible big country，The cause that must be beneficial to human beings。From this，We are more clear，President Xi Jinping's "big country diplomacy" refers to as a responsibility、Responsible major country formulate foreign policy、Promoting diplomatic work，Promote human development。After understanding the substantive connotation of this concept，It feels like it was translated as Major-Country Diplomacy by literally，The meaning is not clear，It is easy to be understood as "Diplomacy among Major Countries"。So，Translated the topic of this section to: China ’s Diplomacy as a Major Country，Diplomacy of China as a big country。Translate the "China with its own characteristics of its own characteristics" in the article to China Must Developed A DISTINCTIVE DIPLOMACHACH BeEFITTING ITS ROLE As a Major Country.。

Some people in the West understood it as "China Will Conducts International AFFFAIRS in Ways That Align with TRIADITIONAL CULTURAL VALUES, Rather than Adopt Models and Principles from the West. China will handle international affairs in accordance with Chinese traditional cultural values，instead of copying the Western mode and principles。""，China's diplomatic work must have clear Chinese characteristics、Chinese style、Chinese Qi Pai，We must adhere to China's social system and value concept。The interpretation of Westerners confirmed that our translation conveys the core meaning and basic information of the original language。We deeply realize，Be faithful to the original meaning，First of all, we must correctly understand the meaning of the original words，Must be verified by multiple parties，can be accurate translation，can truly integrate Chinese and foreign，Only to make the English audience understand what the leader wants to express。

　　Master the policy to improve sensitivity

As the saying goes，Knowing and knowing one another。Translation Xi Jinping diplomatic thought，In addition to deep understanding of the core connotation，You must also understand the way of thinking for the audience，Knowing how western media will speculate。Only this，can increase sensitivity，Accurately grasp the translation，The purpose of integrating Chinese and foreign。We take the "Belt and Road" as an example。

The "Belt and Road" initiative proposed by President Xi Jinping，It is an inseparable part of the concept of building a community of human destiny。The first volume of "Xi Jinping Talking about the Governance of the Country Governance" included three speeches of the initiative，The other three volumes each have a special chapter discussion initiative。Three speeches of the first volume of income are，Speaking at Nazarbayev, Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan in September 2013，The "Silk Road Economic Belt" was proposed; in October 2013, the "21st Century 'Sea Silk Road'" was proposed bet365 Play online games in the Indonesian parliament in October 2013; In the opening ceremony，collect them collectively as the "Belt and Road"。In his speech, the "Belt and Road"，All translated by Chinese as The "One Belt and One Road"。If "the" Belt and Road "is the road of mutual benefit and win -win", the "One Belt and One Road" Repressent Paths Mutual Benefit Which Will Bring About Closer Economic Integration A mong the countries involved.、A Natural Partner of the Belt and Road Initiative "translated as China and the Arabic States are natural partners in a job effort to devert" One Belt and One Road. "

but，During the 2014 Davos Forum，Former Australian Prime Minister Lu Kewen said，China's "Belt and Road" initiative is very good，But the current English translation，The meaning is unclear。After that, the industry has been discussed，Some people in the industry have proposed various translations，such as The "One Belt and One Road" Strategy、B&R Program, B&R Plan, B&R Project、New Silk Road Strategy，etc.，Try to translate when translating the "Belt and Road"，Add a qualitative word to help the audience understand。Obviously，Translate the "Belt and Road" as a plan、Project、Scheme，Not grandness，The pattern is small。According to "Communistization、Co -construction、Sharing "principle，It is not a strategy，It was jointly constructed by each participating country after being proposed in China、Project for sharing results。More，Translating it as "Strategy" can easily cause misunderstandings。According to the Collins Dictionary，A Strategy is a General Plan or Set of Plans Intended to Achieve Something, Especially Over A Long Period. Strategy is a general plan or a set of plans set up for a long time to achieve certain goals for a long time。As some people in the West often use their way of thinking，Wearing colored glasses, look at China、Interpretation of China，Use the word "Strategy"，It is easy to cause speculation and reverie，In this way, China has an attempt。In fact，Some people say in the United States，China's promotion of the "Belt and Road" construction，Simply sharing with the United States to seek land and maritime strategic space or even divide the forces。Relevant officials in China explicitly expressed，"Belt and Road" is a cooperation initiative，China has no special geographical strategy intent，No intention to seek regional affairs leading rights，No operating forces，Do not interfere with domestic politics。

Visible，What words to use to qualitatively are sensitive，Never think for granted。As for the translation of "New Silk Road Strategy"，Translation is really simple，But it is not suitable to use。aside "Strategy" without saying，This is the strategy proposed by the then Secretary of State Hillary in July 2011。The idea of ​​the United States is，Use Afghanistan's superior geographical location，By promoting Central Asia、South Asia's economic integration and cross -regional trade，Confirm that the existence of the United States in Eurasia，Create a pro -beauty、New geopolitical sections composed of countries that implement a market economy and secular political system，Realize the extensive strategic goals of the United States。The "New Silk Road Strategy" in the United States is essentially different from the "Belt and Road" initiative。So，Later translation 2、3、Four volumes，Most of the "Belt and Road" translated as Belt and Road Initiative or Belt and Road Cooperation，When the context meant clear，Occasionally translated as Belt and Road。

This example fully explain，Foreign translation is part of international politics，Foreign discourse foreign translation is far more than simple text conversion，Instead, it is necessary to reflect political sensitivity and policy consciousness。

　Familiar with Chinese traditional concepts and value  Improve literary literacy and philosophical cultivation

Many of the new and new diplomatic concepts proposed by President Xi Jinping、Proposal or initiative，Genome in China、Chinese concept、Chinese philosophy、China Wisdom。His creatively transformed and innovatively developed traditional concepts and value，I proposed a series of new concepts、New Profile，Realized the abandonment and transcendence of the theory of traditional international relations，Expand the connotation and extension of China's diplomatic theory。To accurately translate the concept of diplomacy in the literature of "Xi Jinping Talking about the Governance of the Country"、Philosophy and value，It must be of the traditional concept of China、Philosophy、Learn for value、Understanding and cultivation。This is a challenge to our translation。For example，President Xi Jinping in different diplomatic occasions may be instructions for external work，Repeated emphasis on traditional concepts and values ​​such as "harmony and difference", "correct righteousness" and "Tao"，How to translate these concepts of creative Bet365 app download transformation and innovative development?

About "harmony and difference"。Xi Jinping's diplomatic thought highlights China's "harmony" culture and the international view of harmony。To reduce friction、Add consensus，Establish an international order of democracy and justice，Realize human permanent peace vision，President Xi Jinping has promoted the concept of "harmony and difference" in international occasions，and give a brand new era meaning。To translate this concept，First of all, you must understand its original meaning，Then perform language conversion according to the context。

In traditional Chinese philosophy，"Various and different" is a worldview，It is also a kind of governing the country、Values ​​of Life。But the same concept，When referenced or explained to different objects in different contexts，There are different points of focus，Translation needs to be appropriately processed according to the context，The original intention of the speaker as accurate as possible。This is why when translated President Xi Jinping's speech at the UN General Assembly and the Paris Climate Change Conference，The "harmony and difference" mentioned by mentioned different translations。In September 2015, President Xi Jinping said in a speech at the United University: "We need to promote and differently、Civilized communication that collects and stores and stores。"translates as: we should increase inter-cultural exchanges to promote Harmony, inclusiveness, and Respect for Differentcess。In November 2015, President Xi Jinping said at the Paris Climate Change Conference: "To advocate and different，Allows countries to find a strategy that is most suitable for national conditions。"translates as: We Should Alow Individual Countries to Seek Their Own Solutions that Best Suit Their Respects In the Spirit OF S Eeking HarMony with University.

During the lecture of the UN General Assembly，Different from "and different、Receive and accumulating "translation" as: harmonious coexistence、Equality tolerance、Different respect; during the speech of the translation of the Paris Climate Change Conference，then translates "harmony and different" as: in the spirit of seeking harmony and not being consistent。The core meaning does not change，But the specific expression is slightly different，Why? Because a speech at the United University，Explaining Chinese ideas，It shows that China ’s view of civilization exchanges，Use harmonious coexistence、Equality tolerance、Respect differences to express，Comparison in place。This sentence said at the Paris Climate Change Conference，More about those countries who always want other countries to follow them in the country，I advise these countries to be in the spirit of "different"，Let other countries formulate countermeasures for their own national conditions。So translate it as the spirit of "consistent with harmony but not forced"，Allow other countries to find suitable countermeasures。

About "the correct view of righteousness"。It is both the concept of our national tradition，There are new expansion and extension。In 2013 Xi Jinping proposed the "correct view of righteousness" when he visited Africa as a state chairman "，In the proposal to build a new type of international relations、Promote the construction of the “Belt and Road”、Promoting China -Africa friendly cooperation、Do a good job of foreign aid and other concepts、Repeated emphasis on the "correct view of righteousness" when advocating "。It is one of the core ideas that constitute Xi Jinping's diplomatic thought，Accurate understanding、Precise Translation，It is important。In this concept，The keywords are "righteousness" and "Li"。

Check the "Modern Chinese Dictionary"，"righteousness" is multi -word，It can represent "justice", "friendship", "goodness", "grace", "grace", "for public welfare without paying paid", etc.。So，When I see "Yi"，Many times it will be translated as: uphold justice, Value Friendship, UPHOLD Principles maintain justice、Host fair、Cherish friendship、Adhering to principles。and when you see "Li", you often think of Internets、Benefits interest、benefits, etc.。The key is whether this concept expresses the same meaning in different contexts，How to choose a variety of translations? This must thoroughly understand that President Xi Jinping is in various foreign affairs occasions or when talking about foreign -related work，The substantive meaning of the emphasis on "correct righteousness"。September 10, 2013, Minister of Foreign Affairs Wang Yi published a signature article on the People's Daily，Specialized discuss "Yili View"。He said，Yi，Reflected the concept of a socialist country，Pursue the common development of the world、Common happiness、Common happiness。Li，It is to adhere to the principle of mutual benefit and win -win。This is very helpful for us to accurately understand。If you do not consider the context，Only bet365 best casino games according to the interpretation of the dictionary，Translation "righteousness" into uphold justice or value friendship seems to be correct，But when different context speaks to different audiences，One generally translates it as "Maintaining fairness、Stretching Justice "，Translate "profit" into "interest or benefits"，I am afraid it will be inaccurate，It may also produce ambiguity。

For example，In November 2014, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out at the Central Foreign Affairs Working Conference: "To effectively implement the correct view of righteousness，Do a good job of foreign aid，Really achieve Hongyi Rongli "。His requires all units and responsible persons responsible for foreign aid to work with the spirit of "the correct view of righteousness"，Do a good job of foreign aid。The "correct" here is completely positive，Should refer to integrity、Cherish friendship、Pursue common interests。If translated it as "extending justice、Host fair "，It is possible to cause the reverie of those who are not good -hearted，Trick our foreign aid standard，Then slander us to use "foreign aid" as a certain chip or means，Make ambiguity，Cause misunderstandings。So the last translation is: in processing foreign aid, We Should Act in Good Faith, Value Friendship and Pursue Shared Interests.

Another example，In September 2015, President Xi Jinping said in a speech Bet365 lotto review at the 70th Nations University: "Great with the small country，Treat them equally，Practice the correct concept of interest，Yili Phase and Phase，Righteousness is more than profit。"This sentence means that the way of China gets along with the country，It also means to listen to some countries that are used to bullying and small countries。The "correct" here focuses on the pursuit of common interests，Never bully with big bully、With a strong and weak。In particular, we must warn some countries to get along with the country that should be adopted，Emphasized when treating small kingdoms，Should pursue common good，Correctly handle the relationship between common interests and national interests，Putting common interests before the interests of the country。English phrase Greater Good "Great Good"，Being able to express what we call "pursue common good"。English Language & usage"English Language and Usage "'s interpretation of it is: Greater Good is a Common Expression Which Refers to the Fact that you are doing something that most likely, y people, a community or event rand race. It means，Do things，It aims to benefit many people，benefit each group, Even benefiting the entire human，but not necessarily benefit yourself。Finally, the translation of President Xi Jinping was translated as: Major Powers Should Treat Small Countries as Equals, And Should try to Balance Between Greater Good and their Own Internets by Favoring the Former over the latter.

Another example，In November 2015, President Xi Jinping said in a speech at the Paris Climate Change Conference: "China insists on the correct and interest view，Actively participate in international cooperation in climate change。"This is China announced to the world as a socialist country，It will be better for the world for the world，To promote the construction of a community of human destiny，Actively participate in international cooperation。The "correct" here means that China is pursuing the common development of the world、Common happiness、Common happiness。Finally translates this sentence to: China Stands for UPHOLDING The GREATER Good and Pursuing Shared Interest, And takes an active part in interctional coopy in climate Change. As for "Li"，In all foreign contexts, it refers to correctly、Properly handle the interests between the country and the country，So the pursuit of common interests PURSUE Shared Interests，It is not appropriate to translate as a PURSUE MUTual Benefits。Because when Benefits is used as a plural，Often refers to specific benefits、Welfare，The interpretation of the Collins Dictionary is: Benefits are Money or Other Advantages Which Come from your job, The Government or An Insurance Company. Welfare refers to the work unit、Government or insurance company send your money or other benefits。

President Xi Jinping has repeatedly cited the philosophy of ancient saints on the international podium，As "the way of the Tao is not related" "，The World is the Gong "and so on。How to understand "Tao" or "Avenue"? The "Dao" here is definitely not a road to physical concepts。"Tao" is a very "China"、Very important concept。"PATH"，It can represent "Ultimate Truth"、The highest ideal, etc.。The interpretation of "Wikipedia" is，"Tao" is a Chinese word，means "Method", "Path", "Line", "Road"，can also represent "doctrine", "principle" or "overall science" ("Tao" is a Chinese word signifying "way", "PATH", "Route", "ROAD" or Sometimes More Loosly "Doctrine", "Principle" or "Holistic Science")。Since its connotation is so rich，The context must be seen when translated，It is necessary to thoroughly understand that President Xi Jinping's thought on time on specific occasions。Taking President Xi Jinping in September 2015, President Xi Jinping gave a lecture Bet365 lotto review at the 70th Nations University as an example。He said: "The trip to the road also，The world is the public。’peace、Development、Fair、Justice、Democratic、Freedom，The common value of all mankind，It is also the lofty goal of the United Nations。"The philosophy of ancient Chinese saints was cited at the podium of the United Nations，Emphasize the common value of all mankind，Emphasize the lofty goal of the United Nations，Very appropriate，Very suitable。The difficulty of translation is，It is difficult to find a particularly appropriate English word to express，Note that "Wikipedia" uses the way of using Wiefima Pinyin plus Chinese characters to express "Tao"，such as The Word "TAO" (Tao) has a variety of meanings in both Ancient and Modern Chinese Language.。We might as well borrow this method，Translate "Avenue" to The Great Way，Use a capital to show that it has a special meaning，It is a unique concept of China; and the English word "WAY" itself contains the meaning of "method and method", "path path", "direction"。Here is to show "great governance"。Last translation as: As an ancient Chinese adage Goes, "When the Great Way Rules, The Land Under Heaven Belongs to the People. "Peace, Development, FAIRNESS, Justice, democracy, And Freedom Are Common Values ​​of Humanity and Also the Lofts of the University.

　　Familiar with different expression habits or methods  Consider the ability of foreign language audience

Language is the product of a specific culture。Cultural traditions of various countries、Social system、Thinking method、Historical evolution、Economic Development、Customs and habits are very different，Naturally, there will be different expression methods。Many times，We use the same vocabulary，But people with different cultural backgrounds may have different feelings and interpretations。As a translation，You must understand the culture represented by the two languages ​​you converted。The expression of some languages ​​is very Chinese，or language with Chinese characteristics，To translate this kind of language，Just make simple text conversion，English audience may not be able to understand。Our words are full of "spirit", "blood veins", etc.，Translation of such vocabulary，Need to have the consciousness of the audience。

For example, in March 2014, President Xi Jinping said in a speech at the German Colbo Foundation: "The deepest spiritual pursuit of a nation，Make gene sequencing in the national spirit of its salary fire。Chinese civilization with a history of more than 5,000 years，Always advocate peace，Peace、harmony、Harmonious pursuit deeply rooted in the spiritual world of the Chinese nation，Deeply melted in the blood of the Chinese people。"If the word" spiritual pursuit "translated in the word field、"Gene sequencing" "in the blood"，That may be translated as The Spiritual Pursuit，Genetically Sequenced，Deeply Melted Into the Blood of the Chinese People。Does the English audience understand? first，translates "spiritual pursuit" as "the spaceual pursuit"，Literally corresponding to，But our spiritual pursuit is different from the spiritual pursuit of the West。In the West，People often use "spiritual" and God、Religion related。"Bing Ying Dictionary" interpretation of it is to indicate the connected with religion。Next，If the mechanical literal translation of "gene sequencing" and "blood veins"，It is likely to make the English audience mistakenly think that we need to edit the people for people，Then dissolve the edited genes into the blood。No concept of foreign people's evil translation of China，Translate our people's army to inherit the red gene as China is injection for 2 million soldiers，Make gene editing，Train the Superman Army? So we can't literally translate it ourselves，Otherwise, this will be the next heart of some anti -Chinese people in China and the West，Used to attack us。

In fact，The spiritual pursuit emphasized by President Xi Jinping，is the highest pursuit，Is the world Datong，Is a common wealth，is the common building of human destiny community。And this lofty pursuit is melting in the blood of our Chinese nation。So we translate "the spiritual pursuit of a nation" as "the deepest nation、The highest pursuit "，Literally not translated "Spirit"，The meaning is already inside。translates "national spirit" as "national character"。Last translation to: The Most Profound Pursuit of A Nation Has Origin in The National Character Formth Generations. The Chinese National Nation, With 5000 Years of Civilization, Has Alway Cherished Peace., Amity and Harmony Is An Integral Part of the Chinese Character Which Runs Deep in the Blood of the CHINESE PEOPLE.，mechanical literal translation，is dangerous。Special attention to the same expression in different cultures when translated，To accurately convey。

Also，When President Xi Jinping gave a speech，Introduction to often use citations，Use metaphor、Metaphor，Vivid image，Deep meaning。Metaphor is easy to understand，Which language is indispensable。But there are different metaphors in different cultures，or the same metaphorical body contains different meanings in different bet365 Play online games cultures，Transmit different information。In translation，Keep the original flavor as much as possible，Can't make the English audience wrong association。For this，Translation must understand the culture represented by the two languages，It must be understood that different cultures will have different interpretations of the same metaphorical body，can the audience understand the true meaning that the author or speaker wants to express，Bridge of communication。A previous foreign university scholars have done research on the acceptance of Chinese foreign declarations.。She said，"Long -term，The international community has an interpretation of an interpretation of the image of Chinese foreign propaganda、Multiple misunderstandings such as inefficient communication "。One question is how to understand "Tao Li doesn't say，"Tao Li" in the Boins "，Some interesting different answers have appeared，It is said that "student"，Because Tao Li Man is full of the world; some say "Beautiful"，Tao Li may be used to metaphorize Ms., etc.。A relatively straightforward metaphor like this，People with different cultural backgrounds will have different interpretations，Explain translation metaphor or metaphor，Need to consider the cultural background and understanding of foreign audiences。

In April 2015, there were two foreign English editors who worked in China a little confused，That is, when they read the English version of "Xi Jinping Talking about the Governance of the country"，I was confused about the important speeches made during the exhibition of General Secretary Xi Jinping's visit to the exhibition of "Revival".。that is: in the old days, The Chinese people we weetele weeggships as geueling as "Storming the Iron-Wall Pass". And TODAY, The Chinese National IS Undergoing Profound Changes, Like "Seas Becoming Mulberry Fields".，Must be "Storming Iron-Wall Pass" to the iron wall? Why is the profound change of PROFOUND Changes?，Only the source。They think this kind of unprepared quotes，Unable to understand UNEXPLAINED and theREFORE Inaccessible Reference。Their original words are: yesterday of the Chinese nation，It can be said that "Xiongguan Man Dao is like iron"。Today of the Chinese nation，It can be described as "the righteousness of the world is vicissitudes"。Actually，In the control、You can find it in English，Translation has been processed，Translated the meaning of "hardship" in the "past"，The meaning of the "profound change" contained in "Today" is clear。General Secretary Xi Jinping quoted Chairman Mao's poem name sentence，Metaphorical technique，The hardships of initiating the charge to the copper wall iron wall are metaphorized by the hardships，Borrowing Canghai、The changes in nature between Sangtian explain the normal laws of social development，Is the right path of the world。Quotes and metaphors such citations，We feel very kind，Very convincing and infectious power。However, those who are mother tongue in English do not understand Chinese history、Not read Chairman Mao's poems，Unable to associate "hardships" with "Based on the Iron Wall"，It is also impossible。Remember that a foreign expert once said，In English it just seems odd becaue we use wordSery Literally. English audience will feel strange，Because they will literally interpret the words and words in it。This example makes me feel，Translation quotes or metaphors、Metaphor，We sometimes need to translate literally+free translation，To keep the metaphor of the original words，Proper injection or explanation，Both the role of the finishing touch of the original language，does not affect the interpretation and understanding of the audience。

Translation Xi Jinping diplomatic thought，The most important thing is to understand thoroughly，Eat the spirit，To ensure accurate translation of its substantial meaning。Translation is not like science，Many times there is not only one answer，But you can explore。The language itself is constantly evolving，Translation needs to keep pace with the times。

(Author Unit: Retired Cadre Bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs)