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"Four Support" for high -quality poverty alleviation and tackling poverty alleviation

April 02, 2020 00:13 Source: "China Social Sciences", April 2, 2020, No. 1899, author: Huang Shaoan

　　China is the largest developing country in the world，Once the country with the largest number of poor people。Reform and opening up for more than 40 years，my country has achieved great achievements in anti -poverty，I have made important contributions to the world's anti -poverty cause。March 6，General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in an important speech at the decisive battle for the victory of poverty alleviation: "，The epidemic affects the epidemic in the year of ending，The task of various tasks is heavier、Requirements higher。We must not forget the original heart、Keep in mind the mission，firm confidence、Stubborn struggle，Winning poverty alleviation battle comprehensive victory，Resolutely complete this to the Chinese nation、great cause of significant significance to humans! "2020 is the year of the end of the well -off society。Except for the per capita income index，One of the main indicators of "Xiaokang" is that all "poor people" clear zero。Only this goal is achieved，is the real sense of realizing a well -off。But，To achieve this goal is difficult，It is more difficult to achieve high quality，Therefore, it is called "out of poverty"。For a few poor people，Even the direct fiscal transfer payment can make it out of poverty on time，But this is not "high -quality out of poverty"。What is "high quality" to achieve "poverty alleviation"? It needs to meet two requirements: one is that people who have been out of poverty not only do not return to poverty, but can continue to become rich; the other is that no new poor people are no longer generated。If you want to achieve high -quality goals of poverty alleviation，You need to pay attention to "support" in four aspects。

　　Support with education development and human capital investment

　　Generally speaking，City poverty and poor people in relatively developed areas are minority，For the education of these people，Mainly the labor skills training of adults，That is to make it a skill，Not unemployed。For minor children in this type of crowd，It is mainly to ensure that it after completing basic education，If you do not accept ordinary higher education，You can accept a certain vocational training，to be able to work smoothly; can be admitted to college，Government's student funding policy system should ensure that they complete their studies，Its family cannot return to poverty due to learning。For the poverty -stricken areas (district and county、Township)，The focus is on the popularity and quality of basic education，Including the quality of the teacher team、Elementary and Middle School hardware and software infrastructure construction。This is not only to ensure that poverty -stricken areas get rid of poverty、Fundamental measures for long -term development，It is also inclusive、The most efficient human capital investment。Based on this，Children who do not receive ordinary higher education，After graduating from elementary and junior high school，You can receive one year of vocational training，That is, you can consider implementing the "9+1" compulsory education mode in these areas。For some poverty -stricken areas of ethnic minorities，It also needs to pay attention to "language poverty alleviation"，so that children in these regions can learn more and better language。Learn the national language，Can make them inherit national culture，and maintain cultural diversity; learn universal language，It can enable them to be more widely、Employment of more advanced industrial fields，Not only conducive to them going out，It is beneficial to the development of the region。

　　Support the construction of infrastructure system

　　For the poverty -stricken areas of the continuous film，The reason for backwardness may be multiple aspects。Where，One of the most important reasons is backward infrastructure。Good infrastructure system，is the basic support or basic condition of economic and social development。Strengthen infrastructure construction，Need to consider it from three aspects: First, strengthen the construction of educational infrastructure，This is the most fundamental，Infrastructure construction in the past often did not include it。That is，Education hardware infrastructure and software infrastructure should be valued。Poverty、The biggest difference between the underwriting area and the developed areas，It is reflected in these aspects。Second, strengthen the construction of traditional infrastructure，Including productive and life，Rugou、Water、power -on、Heating、Toilet and other sewage treatment, etc.。For the past few decades，The country has made a lot of effort to this，With a lot of changes，But efficiency needs to be improved，Mainly because most of the poor areas are mountainous areas，The same road、Railway、Pipeline and other mileage，Restrictions of terrain and landforms and decentralized lives，It is much smaller to play a role in these areas。So，Need to build a coordinated construction、Improve efficiency。Third is to attach importance to modern infrastructure，Mainly the construction of information infrastructure。Although it is more important than traditional infrastructure，But there is also a problem of economically and improving efficiency。For this，The infrastructure construction of these three aspects can be considered with the strategy of new rural construction and the strategy of rural revitalization。Rural farm house transformation and withdrawal of villages and moderate immigrants，It can achieve moderate bet365 best casino games concentration of residents，Therefore, the cost of various production and living infrastructure construction will be greatly reduced，Increased economic benefits。Education infrastructure construction also has the same problem，The merger of primary and secondary schools within a certain limit，It is also conducive to improving the scale economic benefits of investment。Another，You can also build infrastructure construction through "generation of work"、The strategy of rural revitalization and precision poverty alleviation。First, arrange certain infrastructure projects in targetedly in urgent needed、Poor areas that can play a greater role; the second is some parts of some projects，Adopt the method of "replacement with work"，Preferential recruitment of workers in poor families，and incorporate the corresponding assistance and relief poverty alleviation funds into infrastructure investment。

　　Support for industrial development

　　Education and human capital poverty alleviation makes economic development the most important production factors，Investment in infrastructure allows economic development to have public material capital or basic material conditions。but，If you want to get rid of poverty alleviation and sustainable development，Poverty -stricken areas may have industrial development; otherwise，Education input and public infrastructure investment may not reach the expected effect，to waste investment。If education and public infrastructure have to rely on the government to invest in non -market -oriented means，The development of the industry must mainly rely on the role of the market mechanism，The government can only guide moderately; otherwise，The industry can’t grow up，Enterprises can't live or not live well。What industries and how to develop，We can only put forward general principles，If it is adapt to local conditions、Principles of measurement, etc.。Government can have supportive industrial Bet365 lotto review policies，But the point of policy is not a specific industry、Enterprise and Products，but the quality and structure of the production factors。Most of the poor areas are in rural areas，Agricultural development is the most basic anyway、The most important thing。The key is according to existing resources、Use modern agricultural technology and information technology，Improve agricultural productivity and quality of agricultural products、Pulling the agricultural industry chain，Diversify the agricultural format、Improve agricultural added value，Make agriculture can make money、Farmers can make money。Industry revitalization in the strategy of rural revitalization，For most areas,，It is also agricultural revitalization，This is the need for the stable development of the national economy，It is also the most reliable and most feasible。

　　Support with a high -quality social security system

　　The ultimate guarantee of the poor is the social security system，Especially social assistance system，This is the support of the pocket。So，In order to ensure the achievement of the goal of poverty alleviation, social stability，We must establish and improve a high -quality social security system。China as a big country as a big country，In this regard, it is effective，But the public benefits of some people are too high，Need moderate adjustment，The social assistance system of low -income people also needs to be improved。but but，Even the bottom -up social assistance system，You also need to pay attention to two aspects: First, the guarantee standard should be moderate，It can only be the basic living security，Neither too high，4237_4253。If there are too many people in accordance with reasonable standards, people need to be rescued，Explain that our other poverty alleviation measures are not implemented;，Not only will it increase the financial burden、Reduce productive bet365 Play online games expenditure and affect long -term economic growth，and will produce the role of "negative incentive" (that is, "lazy people")。China is still a big country developed now，Generally, it can only be regarded as a middle -income country。One aspect，The people have higher and higher expectations for public welfare and social security，and have rigid characteristics that can be increased and cannot be reduced; on the other hand,，The state's finance has not yet suffered ample financial resources to meet the expectations of the people。Therefore，It is necessary to strengthen the management of public welfare expectations for the people, especially low -income groups or poor groups,。Otherwise，It may fall into the so -called "medium income trap" (essentially "public welfare trap")。

　　Another，Sudden new crown pneumonia epidemic，Make China's economic operation a certain impact，Will it affect our goal of fighting poverty and achieving a comprehensive well -off? Because the epidemic affects starting、Affects income、Affects income，4906_4934。Actually，my country has mainly relied on the measures to add public infrastructure investment to keep economic growth，The goal of economic growth in 2020 It is estimated that it can be achieved in the subsequent time。Since it can ensure the realization of economic growth target，It can ensure employment in general，to ensure income growth。At the same time，We must also pay attention to the structural impact of the epidemic，It mainly involves poor areas and poor people and low -income groups。Where，The income loss of some people may not make up for the follow -up time，If there are no other measures，The reduction of their income will directly affect the realization of poverty alleviation targets and the realization of the well -off target。So，You need to take special rescue or support measures for these people。

　　In short，We should focus on the development bet365 live casino games of education and human capital、Construction of infrastructure system、Industrial development and a high -quality social security system, jointly develop together，Ensure that the goal of poverty alleviation is high -quality realization。

　　(Author is a special professor of "Yangtze River Scholars" at the Ministry of Education，Dean of the Institute of Economics of Shandong University、Professor)

Editor in charge: Changchang