Min'an，Guo Guo; Minqiang，Guo is strong。Persist in putting people's life safety and physical health first，It is the essential requirements of the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the socialist system with Chinese characteristics。In the "two hundred years" struggle goals，People's Happiness、The country is strong in the center。General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: "The community is the first line of the joint control of epidemic conditions，It is also an external defense input、The most effective defense line for internal defense diffusion。"This highlights that the community is not only the" last mile "of urban governance，It is also the "first step" of urban public safety management。Practical proof of practice since the epidemic of new crown pneumonia，Community risk governance has become an important content to realize the modernization of community governance capabilities。

Copy of the new crown pneumonia epidemic，shows the leadership of the party organization、Community mobilization、Coordination inside and outside the community，Highlight the overall social mobilization mechanism and strict social governance network advantage。But，The epidemic also exposes the shortcomings and deficiencies in some community emergency management。From the perspective of governance ability，The infrastructure of some communities is relatively weak，Emergency supplies are relatively scarce，There is a certain deficiency in the prevention and control risk force，Wisdom bet365 Play online games of crisis response、The degree of refinement is not enough。From the perspective of the emergency governance system，The operating mechanism between the "three driving carriages" in some communities is still unreasonable，"Three Club Links" mechanism insufficient traction，Community "Ping -War" conversion mechanism is not smooth，Community -City -The emergency synergy mechanism of the metropolitan area is not sound。

Modern social risks are highly complex、Uncertainty and complexity，and the population of the urban community is highly aggregated and liquid，Child severe challenges to the safety management of traditional cities，The inner logic of the rational and value rationality of the tools of urban safety management needs to be further examined。In the post -epidemic era，How to grasp the certainty in uncertainty? An important entry point is to create a tough community，Implementing tough governance。Toughness is a new urban governance concept，The resilience of the community is based on community common actions，Able to link internal and external resources、Effectively resisting risks and crisis，and adapt to and recover from the impact of the crisis，Maintain the ability of sustainable development。Toughness Governance，is a new direction for promoting the modernization of community risk management，Actual innovation should follow and improve the following 4 logic。

Emergency Management -Risk Management -Toughness Governance: Historical Logic of the Development of Urban Safety Management Model。

Urban safety management is "defensive、Vulnerability、Toughness "three -focused angle。Defensive perspective believes that urban safety risks are mainly external hazards，Management strategies bet365 best casino games mainly based on avoidance and defense (isolation and blocking)。Vulnerable perspective emphasizes the possible consequences of the internal understanding of external threats and the complex factors that affect urban system response，Proposal depends on science and technology to effectively identify、Resistance risk。The perspective of the toughness emphasizes coexistence with risks，Think that some risks are usually difficult to predict and inevitable，Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the toughness of society when facing disasters，That is the anti -inverse force and recovery force。

and defensive、Vulnerability、Corresponding to the perspective of the toughness，The leading mode of urban crisis management is emergency management、Risk management and tough governance。Emergency management is a typical "centralized management" mode，The focus is on the disposal of risks。Risk management is a typical "control management" mode，The focus is on the prediction and control of risks。Toughness governance is a typical "networked governance" mode，It mainly emphasizes the adaptability of the emergency system。Toughness governance requires the emergency management system to realize dynamic structural adjustment and function optimization in the complex and diverse risk situation，Provided new theoretical ideas for my country's emergency management innovation。

Identification、Preparation -Anti -Reverse、Recovery -Adaptation、Transformation: Value logic of tough governance。

Toughness governance is not an emergency management or ahead of risk management of a single event，but a full cycle management，Cover the "Earlier、In the event、After -the -after -to -after -"emergency management full process。Bet365 app download Each crisis development cycle，Core ability that needs to be clearly matched，is the ability to prevent early warning before the crisis，A response when the crisis occurs、Anti -inverse ability，The recovery ability of the crisis continues，Learning adaptability after crisis。Community toughness emphasizes the community's resistance to public safety incidents、absorption、Adaptation、Restore、Learning、The ability to transform，The specific performance is as follows。

The construction of the toughness in advance is mainly to cultivate the community's collective action capabilities，Accumulate community capital to deal with future disasters，Identification Possible risk and early warning needs。The toughness construction in the matter is mainly to cultivate the emergency response ability of the community。Afterwards, tough construction mainly includes the construction of community recovery ability and learning adaptability。Community toughness reflects a dynamic process，The whole process running through the crisis cycle。The core capabilities contained in each stage of the community toughness and the combination of tool combinations that matches them are different，and the results of each stage will affect the level of toughness in the next stage。

Normal governance -Very state governance -normal and very state governance parallel: operating logic of tough governance。

Major public health incidents are sudden、Easy to degenerate and wartime time，So，A high -efficiency and sound community governance system must be capable of at the same time in the emergency management system mode、Normal management system mode、Emergency and normal management system: run under three modes of parallel bet365 Play online games mode。Compatible with this，Community governance in risk society also has three modes，That is, the wartime community governance in the state of a very state crisis、Community governance under normal social order、Community governance in parallel in wartime time。In three governance modes，Community tough treatment includes preparations in normal conditions、Trigger a conversion between normal governance and excellent governance、In the early stages of impact, buffer and absorption、The recovery of very state governance to normal governance、Adaptive transformation of the new normal。

First，Disaster factor according to the crisis incident、trigger point、four key role points at the critical point and turning point，Divide the crisis cycle in a timely manner，Practice partition、grading、Classification of Classification Strategy。Next，By adopting a forward -looking plan、Create a safe culture、Introduce the intermediate correlation system and other methods to return to normal，or improve it，Reads the new normal。Only combine normal governance with excellent governance，Only when emergencies come to maintain the stability of the economy and society。This ability to convert between stability and unstable，The main difference between community toughness and general community emergency capabilities。The challenges faced by China today，It is to run the emergency management system and normal management system at the same time，Achieving a fight against epidemic and stable life、​​Restore production collaborative governance。

Infrastructure toughness -economic toughness -social toughness -institutional toughness: practical logic of tough governance。

Community toughness from infrastructure toughness、bet365 best casino games economic toughness、Social toughness and institutional toughness together。Community toughness is integrated，Emphasize the material level (infrastructure toughness+economic toughness)，It also emphasizes the system construction of social level (social toughness+institutional toughness); not only pay attention to the development of the four dimensions of the community's toughness itself，Pay attention to the effective link between the four dimensions of the community's toughness; we must pay attention to the static tough governance resources，Pay attention to the dynamic toughness governance ability。So，Community toughness should be based on "overall intelligence"，Realizing the stacking effect of community toughness。

First，"Ping -Battle" combination，Strengthening the redundancy of community resources and space、Diversity，Enhance the toughness of the infrastructure of the community。Next，Develop community social enterprises，Establish a community economic network and compensation mechanism，Improve the economic toughness of the community。again，Perform joint defense and control、The "lasting toughness" system design of group defense and group rule，Improve the toughness of the community system。Last，Build a community risk governance community of "one nuclear and multi -party"，Cultivate the social toughness of the community。

To sum up，Toughness governance of the post -epidemic era，It is "Overall National Safety Outlook"、"Full -cycle Management" thought、The vivid practice of the concept of "urban life"，Action logic for innovation and development of community risk governance。

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(Author: School of Philosophy and Government Management of Shaanxi Normal University)