As a way of organizing and operating bet365 offers power，Western modern politics was established and consolidated through bourgeois revolution。At the same time，Renaissance、Ideological and cultural movements such as the Religious Reformation and Enlightenment established the ideological paradigm of modern Western politics。Renaissance humanism made man replace God as the starting point of ideological theory；The principle of salvation by faith of the Reformation turned people into subjects of faith，Established subjectivism in the religious field；The Enlightenment Movement promotes the spirit of rationality，Realized the unity of rationalism and subjectivism。Descartes, the founder of modern Western philosophy, used "I think, therefore I am" to announce the emergence of subjectivism and rationalist philosophy，Kant’s philosophy comprehensively clarifies the cognitive and constructive functions of reason，Human reason replaces the omniscient and omnipotent God of religion and theology。

　　The consciousness paradigm of bet365 offers

Humanism、The first core concept under the ideological paradigm of subjectivism and rationalism is freedom。Man does not passively accept the world created by God，Objects not created and placed by God，Instead, it relies on its own rational ability to become a cognitive subject and a constructive subject。The unity of reason and subjectivity is human freedom，Freedom is when people rely on their own rational ability to construct the world according to their own will。Freedom is considered to be the ability and qualification to act according to one's own will。Humanism、Another core concept under the rationalism and subjectivism paradigm is equality，Equality means that everyone has the same subject qualifications by reason of reason。With the change of ideological paradigm and the establishment of the concepts of freedom and equality，The theological and bet365 offers theory of the Middle Ages was replaced by the bet365 offers contract theory。Politics is no longer seen as a hierarchical order derived from the will of God，It is the result of consultation and agreement between rational people based on their own interests，The purpose of politics is to deal with the relationship between free and equal people，Ensuring that people can coexist and that freedom for everyone is achieved。

The rule of law in modern Western politics、Constitutionalism、Systems such as electoral representation and separation of powers, checks and balances are based on humanism、The ideological paradigm of subjectivism and rationalism and the concepts of freedom and equality are justified。Modern thinkers believe，The rule of law must be implemented among free and equal individuals，bet365 offers power is legislative power and law enforcement power。Law is seen as the condition for free and equal individuals to coexist and for freedom to be realized，The rule of law is to realize human freedom by restricting human freedom。Modern Western politics embodies the purpose of personal freedom and the instrumentality of politics。The organization and operation of bet365 offers power must be carried out in accordance with the constitution，The constitution limits and restricts bet365 offers power，Prevent state power from infringing on personal freedom。It is impossible in modern society for everyone to directly exercise bet365 offers power，bet365 offers representatives should be selected according to their own interests to organize the government to exercise power，This is the electoral representative system in modern Western politics。The electoral representative system is considered to be the form of realizing the bet365 offers subjectivity and popular sovereignty of free and equal individuals。bet365 offers thinkers represented by Montesquieu believe that，In order to prevent the concentration of power and the abuse of power that infringes on individual freedoms，bet365 offers power should be divided into legal power、Executive power and judicial power，The three powers are independent and restrict each other，This is the decentralized checks and balances system of modern Western politics。

　　Marx’s practical paradigm and bet365 offers narrative

Marx replaced the traditional consciousness paradigm of Western thought with a practical paradigm，Thus replacing the traditional spiritual narrative of people and their history with labor narrative，Removing the long-term concealment of the true nature of human history by Western traditional thought。In Marx’s view，The premise and foundation of human history is the production of material life，Human history is the history of the development of material production and the accumulation of surplus labor。The development of productive forces and the accumulation of surplus labor have led to the emergence of private ownership，Society has formed the confrontation between the exploiting class and the exploited class and between classes。The exploiting class owns the means of production and therefore the surplus labor，And use the accumulated surplus labor to organize their own bet365 offers rule，The bet365 offers state under private ownership is a tool to maintain the order of exploitation and domination。Under the capitalist mode of production，The bourgeoisie owns the means of production and the surplus labor of wage workers，Western modern bet365 offers countries are tools for the bourgeoisie to rule。Humanism、The ideological paradigm of subjectivism and rationalism and their concepts of freedom and equality，Hide the essence of modern Western politics，Becoming an ideology serving bourgeois rule。

Marx replaced the abstract people of modern Western thought and even the entire Western ideological tradition with real people。From the perspective of historical materialism，Humanistic abstraction of man does not exist，Only people at a certain stage of material production and production methods；The subject of subjectivism is a fiction，Under the private ownership mode of production, the main body is the exploiting class that owns the means of production and surplus labor，Pure laborers without means of production are just dominated objects。Only in a socialist society，Working people put the means of production and thus social production under their control through the state and collectives，Only the broad masses bet365 offers people become the subject。

Rationalist reason and its cognitive activities are also a fiction。Rationality can only be the rationality of the subject under a certain mode of production。The rationality of exploiters and rulers under private ownership，It is the recognition of the possibility and conditions of possessing the means of production and surplus labor。The rational feudal aristocracy realizes，Possess land and place serfs in a relationship of personal dependence，It is possible to possess the surplus labor of serfs。Bourgeois reason has the cognitive and constructive functions of reason as expounded by Kant，Turn nature and society into conditions for the bourgeoisie to accumulate surplus labor，And put the organization and operation of bet365 offers power under its own dominance and control。When the proletariat as a bet365 offers force enters the bet365 offers stage and becomes the subject of politics，Thus becoming a conscious historical subject，Only the pure working class has its own rationality。The rationality of the exploiting class is the understanding of the possibility and conditions of appropriating the means of production and surplus labor，The rationality of the proletariat is to understand the inevitability and conditions for the elimination of all exploitation and oppression，And how to turn the conditions of exploitation and oppression of the proletariat into conditions of proletarian and human liberation。

Since there are only subjects and rationalities under a certain mode of production，Then there is only freedom and equality under a certain mode of production，Freedom belongs to those who own the means of production and thus the surplus labor。In capitalist society，The freedom to possess the means of production and thus surplus labor belongs to the bourgeoisie。Only in a socialist society can the freedom bet365 offers working people be achieved，Working people use all the accumulated conditions to develop freely。

　　Capitalism and the Essence of bet365 offers

The particularity bet365 offers capitalist mode of production is，Capitalists and wage workers have a free and equal exchange relationship in form，This relationship conceals the exploitation and enslavement of workers by capitalists。The modern Western ideological paradigm and concepts of freedom and equality are based on this formal exchange relationship，Thus it is an ideology that serves the exploitation and domination bet365 offers bourgeoisie。The formal freedom of commodity exchange masks the actual coercion and slavery，Formal equality masks substantive inequality。

The capitalist economy gradually develops into a self-sufficient power system。Workers’ dependence on currency replaced serfs’ personal dependence on feudal nobles，Capitalists replaced the physical coercion of feudal nobles on serfs with the rule of money。In capitalist society，The accumulation of surplus labor does not require the direct participation of bet365 offers violence，The rule of capitalists over workers is manifested as the rule of things, that is, money。

The self-sufficiency of capitalist economic power means that the bourgeoisie does not need to directly control bet365 offers power，Electoral representative system is an inevitable and most suitable form of bet365 offers rule，Conducive to the organization and operation of the bourgeoisie to dominate and control bet365 offers power。When the self-sufficiency of capitalist economic power is fully developed，Thus when capital can dominate the entire society，The limited electoral system becomes a universal electoral system。The self-sufficiency of capital power reduces politics to a pure form，The content of politics is determined by the interests of the bourgeoisie，The electoral representative system becomes a pure bet365 offers game。The decentralized checks and balances system of modern Western politics is a way for the bourgeoisie to control bet365 offers power。The bourgeoisie that does not directly control bet365 offers power but wants to control it，Through divisions and antagonisms within bet365 offers power，Strengthen the formalization of bet365 offers power and the subordination of politics to the economy，Maintain the self-sufficiency of capital power and the rule of the bourgeoisie over the working class。

　(This article is a phased result of the National Social Science Fund Project “Research on Marx’s Critique of bet365 offers Modernity and the Construction of bet365 offers Modernity with Chinese Characteristics” (16BKS026)

(Author’s Affiliation: School of Liberal Arts, Yanshan University)