As the fourth wave of ecocriticism，Material ecocriticism mainly draws nutritional construction theory from new materialism and ecological postmodernism，Thus constitutes the material turn of ecocriticism。His views are mainly reflected in three aspects: matter and its ability to do things、Matter and Meaning、Material and Narrative。Material ecocriticism believes that the world is composed of matter，Human and non-human bet365 games are matter，Any substance has the ability to do things。View based on the meaning of material generation，Material ecocriticism believes that human and non-human bet365 games are not only the objects of text description，And it is text，It’s narrative，And this narrative ability is the ability to generate stories。

　　One person: all bet365 games has agency

Wordsworth is a representative figure of British romantic literature in the 19th century，An important member of the "Lakeside School" poets，He opened the romantic era of British literature with his natural and poetic writing。Wordsworth was a prolific poet，His poems are rich in meaning，Often shows love for bet365 games。The famous British ecologist Jonathan Bate thinks， “Wordsworth is our first true ecological poet，When we are making efforts to change the environment，In fact, Wordsworth has already been ahead of us”。There are many writings about Wordsworth’s poetry at home and abroad，The main viewpoints are: Wordsworth’s view of bet365 games，Wordsworth’s Poetics，Wordsworth and Pantheism，Comparative study of Wordsworth and Chinese poets, etc.。These studies interpret Wordsworth’s poetry from different levels，Enriching the meaning of his poems。However, there are still deficiencies in the research on interpreting Wordsworth's "Narcissus" from the perspective of material ecocriticism，This article plans to make some attempts。

The basic concepts of material ecocriticism include matter、Agency、Meaning、Text、Narrative ability, etc.，Material ecocriticism believes that all matter, including human and non-human natural things, has agency。In poetry creation，Nature as material inspires bet365 games’s creative passion，Give poets creative inspiration，Poets write about nature，Creating poetry，It is the inevitable result caused by the inherent internal interaction between substances。

Wordsworth once wrote，“Poetry is the natural expression of strong feelings，Emotions originating from aftertaste in tranquility”。The poem "Ode to Narcissus" is one character、A masterpiece that blends scenes。Daffodil as a substance，Its agency is shown as affecting bet365 games's emotions，Contributed to bet365 games’s creation。“I am like a lonely cloud / floating high above the valley。"In the first two sentences of the opening paragraph，bet365 games describes his loneliness and feelings of nothing to rely on，Just when the author doesn’t expect it，A large golden narcissus suddenly appeared in front of you，"They bloom by the lake，Blooming under the trees/They dance in the wind，Follow the wind”。Golden Narcissus，Blue lake，Green shade，A picture with bright colors、The bright and lively picture is spread out in front of bet365 games and readers。Through poetry，We can see the visual shock that narcissus brought to bet365 games。In the second stanza of the poem，bet365 games wrote: "They are as dense as the stars of the Milky Way / Like stars shining in a crystal clear / They stretch forward along the bay / Leading to the distance seems to be endless / At a glance, there are thousands of flowers / Ten thousand flowers shake their heads What a joy to dance。”If the first section of the poem describes the bright colors of daffodils，Amaze bet365 games，Then bet365 games focuses on the large number of daffodils in the second section，Dense as the Milky Way stars、As if endless、There are thousands of flowers，bet365 games is overwhelmed。In the third section，bet365 games wrote about the jumping of daffodils、Happy gesture，And this happiness further infected the author’s emotions，"How can bet365 games not feel happy and excited when he meets this happy traveling companion/"。bet365 games went from loneliness to joy，Fully embodies the initiative of nature。The fourth section describes the time when bet365 games was "lying alone" and "bored"，I will always think of this golden narcissus，And bet365 games’s heart was “filled with joy again”，At the same time, it is the material initiative embodied by narcissus that inspired bet365 games's creative passion。

Personification technique: highlighting the narrative bet365 games of matter

　　Scholars of material ecocriticism believe that “anthropomorphic descriptions in literary works are not necessarily a manifestation of anthropocentrism and hierarchy，It may become a narrative device that highlights the extraordinary dynamism of matter and the commonality of its constituent factors”。In the poem "Ode to Narcissus"，bet365 games uses a lot of anthropomorphic techniques to highlight the dynamic beauty of narcissus and its influence and stimulation on bet365 games's emotions。When bet365 games first saw daffodils，Saw them blooming by the lake，Opening under the tree，Dancing with the wind，bet365 games uses the word "playful" to compare the daffodil to an innocent girl，Having fun by the lake、Dance。From these descriptions we can see bet365 games’s love for nature、Closeness to daffodils、Love，It also highlights the narrative ability of narcissus as a material，Make the expression of poetry more vivid。In the third section，bet365 games compares the dancing posture of narcissus with the sparkling lake waves，Highlights the lightness and beauty of the narcissus dance，"The sparkling lake waves are also dancing nearby/but not as gracefully as this narcissus dances"。In the eyes of bet365 games, Narcissus has transformed into a beautiful woman、Girl with light dancing posture，bet365 games was deeply affected，The melancholy in my heart is swept away，My heart becomes lighter，Dancing with daffodils。

The anthropomorphic description technique not only makes the image of non-human natural substances more vivid，More infectious，And highlight its inherent material agency and narrative ability。Through anthropomorphic writing，bet365 games makes daffodils more concrete、More friendly，At the same time, he also showed his love for narcissus more clearly、Love for nature。Wordsworth once said，“My whole life has been filled with devotion to nature”。Nature has always been an important theme in Wordsworth's poetry，"In the Poems of Wordsworth，It is obvious that he has an inextricable connection with nature”。The use of personification further expresses this connection。At the same time，Anthropomorphic description techniques help break through the binary opposition between man and nature，Man and nature are on an equal footing，Conducive to establishing a community relationship between man and nature。Zhang Hongcui also thinks so，"In this relationship，People are sensitive and curious about nature，Grateful and eager，Close and joyful”。This community relationship between man and nature implies a noble ecological ethics，And this kind of ecological ethics is exactly what our era calls for today。

Natural healing of spiritual wounds: the power of bet365 games

　Nature inspires human creative inspiration，Reflects the narrative ability of matter，At the same time，bet365 games is close to nature、Return to nature、Get peace of mind and joy in nature。Nature soothes the heart、The ability to heal spiritual wounds reflects the power of matter。At the beginning of "Narcissus"，bet365 games first wrote about his lonely inner world，“I am like a lonely flowing cloud”；When bet365 games saw the golden daffodils dancing along the lakeside，Infected by the beauty and joy of narcissus，Also became "joyful"。bet365 games saw daffodils，The inner loneliness has been relieved，My mood becomes happy，Reflects the narcissus、The comfort of nature to the human soul，Highlights the initiative and ability of matter。But，The poetry doesn’t stop there，In the last section，bet365 games further sublimated the narcissus’ ability to serve。"Later, I slept alone many times in depression/I felt bored and empty in my heart/This scene flashed in my mind/It comforted my loneliness so many times/My heart danced with the narcissus again/My heart was filled again joy"。

bet365 games is lonely and lonely，I will always think of this patch of daffodils，Thinking of daffodils dancing lightly by the lake、The appearance of brilliant bloom，The narcissus soothes bet365 games's loneliness，Let bet365 games’s depressed mood rejoice again，bet365 games's heart is filled with joy again，Dancing with daffodils。The last section of the poem contains extremely rich meanings，On the one hand，Daffodils help bet365 games get rid of his lonely mood from the first sight，Become delighted，Countless lonely days to come，Continuously appease bet365 games’s emotions，Healed bet365 games’s inner trauma。From the perspective of material ecocriticism，The last section further highlights and enhances the daffodils、Nature as a material ability to do things，That is, the influence on people。On the other hand，bet365 games expresses the importance of nature to mankind，Close to nature、Protect nature，Human beings can be happy；Human beings are part of nature，Human beings need to draw nutrients and strength from nature at any time。

Reinterpreting Wordsworth's "Narcissus" from the perspective of material ecocriticism，We recognize that one flower and one grass、All non-human substances, including all natural things, have agency，will have the ability to do things to humans。Especially in the field of literary creation，Nature can inspire people’s creative inspiration and passion，Promote text formation，In a certain sense，Poetry itself is also a natural narrative。Also，Interpreting poetry from the perspective of material ecology，Emphasis on the initiative of nature in bet365 games's creation，Helps get rid of anthropocentrism，Overcoming the binary opposition between man and nature，Thus establishing an overall ecological view of equality between man and nature。

(bet365 games article was funded by the Scientific Research Innovation Team Building Program of Fujian Normal University Union College (2020-TD-003))

(Author’s unit: Department of Foreign Languages, Union College, Fujian Normal University)