With the rapid development of my country's economy and society、People's living standards continue to improve，Social members have higher demands on risk protection，Especially some high -income groups are not satisfied with the established social security provided by the government，I hope that on this basis。As early as November 1993，The "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the establishment of several issues of the socialist market economy system" proposes to "establish a multi -level social security system"。October 2020，The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Party emphasized the "sound multi -level social security system"。Although "establishment" and "sound" are just the difference，But the latter has a stronger guiding significance and practical value for further improving the "multi -level social security system"。

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In real life，Social members often face various risks。In fact，With the increase of social wealth，People are increasingly hoped that under the premise of ensuring the existing living standards，Strive to further improve the quality of life，Therefore, better risk protection，This brings the diversity of risk protection demand。Different risks faced by members of society，Its risk protection demand will also be different。Therefore，The risk guarantee project set up by the state may not be able to meet the various needs of all members of the society。Because the government has different responsibilities to the various risks faced by social members，Therefore, there must be a unified risk guarantee institutional arrangement，It is also necessary。

According to the different responsibilities undertaken by the government，Risk guarantee can be divided into two categories: basic guarantee and supplementary bet365 Play online games guarantee。The former is a guarantee project based on the basic guarantee of social members and the guarantee project determined by the government's basic responsibilities，It aims to ensure the basic survival of members of society、Basic development and basic dignity，Social security in narrow sense。It usually needs to be determined through a certain legal program，and the government is implemented by the government in accordance with the state forced organization。Risks underwritten by such guarantee projects，Often involved the vital interests of the people、Basic risks related to social harmony, stability, fairness and justice，Poverty、disease、unemployment、disability, etc.。The level of protection of this project is not high，Positioned in "Basic"，instead of sufficient guarantee。Therefore，The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly proposed "Moderate guarantee"。

For general social members，With the basic guarantee project provided by the government，With "basic guarantee"，So I have purchased basic living information、Ability of basic medical services and basic care services。but，For social members with middle income and above，It is not enough to rely on these guarantee projects。It is not enough to rely on these guarantee projects，Therefore, we need to make a management plan for other risks，That is, the non -basic protection of other risks and basic risks other than basic risks。This needs to be determined by the members of the society based on their own situation、Volunteer participation and completely at your own expense，This is supplementary guarantee。Obviously，For different social members，Its supplementary guarantee can be different。

Generally speaking，Basic guarantee belongs to the government's basic public service category，directly provided by the government and its affiliated institutions，Or is led by the government、Provided by relevant agencies。and supplementary guarantee bet365 Play online games are provided by various enterprises or social organizations，It can be profitable，It can also be non -profit。The former is such an insurance company、Financial institutions, etc.，The latter is like a grass -roots autonomous organization、Industry Association, etc.。We usually call a multi -level social security system，refers to above the basic guarantee，Add supplementary guarantee，to form a complete risk guarantee system。In this system，Members of Social members enjoy basic guarantees，Targeting social fairness，What emphasizes the fairness under the meaning of "guarantee basic" here is fair; the middle and high income class will obtain the corresponding supplementary guarantee according to their needs，There can be certain differences between different groups。

　　Lay the system foundation for the construction of a multi -level social security system

After the founding of New China，my country has established a new social security system，Especially for workers facing urban and towns, the labor insurance system is generally implemented。but，This system was originally compatible with the planned economic system。Starting in the 1980s，To meet the needs of the reform of the economic system，The state carried out a series of reform explorations in the field of social security，Realized the expansion of institutional transformation and scope of benefit。One of the important achievements is that the basic protection rights and interests of the people are gradually established，The relevant system was promulgated and implemented，Let all citizens have a basic institutional arrangement in the basic guarantee，thus laid a solid foundation for the establishment of a multi -level social security system。

For more than 20 years，The state has gradually established a basic guarantee system for various social members。The first is the basic endowment insurance for employees facing workers、Employee Basic Medical Insurance、Work Injury Insurance、Social insurance bet365 live casino games projects such as maternity insurance and unemployment insurance，Its coverage is continuously expanded。Second, the minimum living security system for urban residents facing members of all society and minimum living security system for rural residents、The basic medical insurance system for urban and rural residents、The basic endowment insurance system of urban and rural residents and support、Natural Disaster Rescue、Medical Rescue、employment rescue、employment rescue、Housing Rescue、Judicial Rescue、Temporary Rescue System。Third, for soldiers and women、Children、Elderly、A series of guarantee projects of special groups such as disabled people。Recent，The state is exploring the establishment of a long -term care guarantee system，Including difficult families in some regions, the care subsidy system and long -term care insurance system。These systems have formed a relatively complete basic guarantee system，and give the basic risk of members of ordinary society with basic guarantee。Based on this，Medium -to -high income groups may be possible to guarantee and pay capacity according to their own risk guarantee，To get a supplementary guarantee that suits you。

Current，In our social security system，The basic guarantee project organized by the government is the first level，The project handled by the employer is the second level，Social members' personal voluntary participation in the third level，This clearly reflects the multi -layered of the social security system。

　　Accelerate the improvement of the multi -level social security system

In fact，We should use the construction of a social security system as a whole，Because the basic guarantee and supplementary guarantee these two levels are interrelated。For more than 20 years，my country attaches great importance to the basic guarantee，Pay attention to insufficient attention to supplementary protection。What needs attention is，The appropriateness bet365 Play online games of the basic guarantee system positioning has a great impact on the development of supplementary guarantee。Therefore，The key to the construction of a multi -level social security system is to do the first level，Specifically includes two aspects: First, continue to improve the current basic guarantee system，Make it more accurate and clearly positioned; the second is to allow social members to have rational and stable expectations for basic guarantees，Internal power to obtain supplementary protection。

In recent years，my country ’s achievements in the basic guarantee of our country have attracted worldwide attention。But you should see，Some current institutions are inadequate、sustainability is worrying、System operation performance is not high，Especially the institutional positioning of certain projects is not clear，As a result, insufficient guarantee and excessive coexistence。For example，Pensions of elderly residents in urban and rural areas cannot effectively assume the responsibility of ensuring their basic life，And the basic pension and growth of employees surpass the basic institutional positioning。More importantly，The basic pensions of some retired employees continue to grow sharply each year，It is easy to give the public a irrational expectation，Therefore, working employees rarely participate and get supplementary pensions。From the perspective of actual income，They are a group with a higher income，I should have obtained a certain amount of supplementary pension。Another，At present, the basic pension level of some urban and rural residents is low，I hope to have a supplementary pension，But they sometimes have a weak ability to pay，Few of them can get supplementary pensions at their own expense，This has caused structural imbalances for pension supply and demand。Similar，There is also medical insurance、Professional damage protection and other items。

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Party emphasized，bet365 Play online games We must "improve the whole people、Coordinated urban and rural、Fair and unified、Sustainable multi -level social security system "。For this，We need to clearly position the basic guarantees of various projects，and optimize related system design，Especially basic pensions、Basic medical insurance、Professional damage insurance、Long -term care protection and other systems，enables them to benefit all members of all society。Still taking pensions as an example，Starting from the demand for risk protection of the elderly，Elderly people will have poverty、disease、Disable、Lonely and other risks，Therefore, it is necessary to correspond to the guarantee system for the elderly income、Basic medical security system and preferential policies for the elderly、Long -term care guarantee system and barrier -free environment, and spiritual comfort for the elderly。From horizontal view，The basic pension system should have clear division of labor with basic medical security and long -term care protection;，Pension should be distinguished and supplemented，Basic pensions must abide by the principle of "Basic"，That is, the responsibility of clarifying the basic pension is to ensure that members of society have the ability to buy basic living materials after the age of society。Based on this，We urgently need to stabilize the basic pension of retired employees to pay the standard，Stable improvement of basic pension payment standards for elderly residents，Strict control and gradually narrow the gap between the two。Only this，On -the -job employees can obtain the internal power of supplementary pensions through professional annuity or commercial pension insurance。Similar，There is also medical protection、Care Security、Vocational injury protection and other items。

Once a high -income social member has the inherent motivation to obtain supplementary protection，Occupational annuity、Supplementary medical protection、There are endless demands such as care protection and bet365 best casino games occupational damage protection。At this time，Commercial Insurance Agency、Mutual Assistance Cooperation Insurance Insurance Insurance Insurance Insurance Insurance Insurance Insurance Insurance，Should focus on developing suitable supplementary guarantee products and provide good services。

　　(This article is the major project of the National Social Science Fund "Theoretical and Policy Research on Popularization and Longevity Risk Management" (13&ZD163) Pharmaceutical results)

(The author is the director of the Research Center of Zhejiang University Minsheng Guarantee and Public Governance Research Center、Professor，Vice President of the Chinese Society of Social Security)