Except Industry、Agricultural and other production processes have a significant impact on climate change，The "carbon footprint" of modern people's daily life cannot be underestimated。According to the "2020 Emissions Garway Report" released by the UN Environmental Planning Department，Two -thirds of the total amount of global greenhouse gas emissions (carbon emissions) are related to household energy consumption; estimated results show，Travel、Residence、Diet and other key living departments to contribute to carbon emissions the greatest，17%of the total carbon emissions of the total energy of daily life, respectively、19%and 20%。The "2020 Emissions Gap report" also pointed out，To reach the "Paris Agreement" stipulated by the end of the 21st century to control the global average temperature increase to within 1.5 ° C，The carbon emissions per capita daily life must be reduced to 2.0-2.5 tons in 2030，By 2050 to 0.7 tons。So，Low -carbon transformation that promotes daily life is of great significance for my country to achieve "carbon neutral" (that is, net zero emissions of carbon dioxide) in China.。

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Low -carbon transformation of daily life needs to be reflected at the level of people's action，That is, the active active reduction or abandoning the development may bring high carbon emissions in daily life，Instead of adopting those low -carbon emissions action methods。For example，Reduce most members of society to reduce or avoid driving fuel cars，Steering walk、cycling、Driving new energy vehicles、Take public transportation such as public transportation and other lower carbon travel choices。So，What factors determine the low -carbon operation of the individual? In social sciences，Choose theory with rational selection、Value Belief Specification Theory、The "Attitude -Action" framework represented by the theory of planning action is often quoted by researchers to explain the generation mechanism of low -carbon operations。The core point of this bet365 live casino games framework believes，The concept of attitude held by the individual is a key factor that affects its action selection，People's actions are mainly dominated by their attitudes and values。According to this framework，Individual low -carbon actions are driven by ideas，When the concept of "environmental protection" and "low carbon" is deeply rooted in people's hearts，Low -carbon operation will naturally be popular at the social level。The policy revelation of the framework is，The focus point of promoting low -carbon transformation in daily life should be a system of people's concept，Enhance the environmental protection awareness of the whole society by increasing environmental education and publicity (especially climate change education and publicity)，Then it can drive the low -carbon transformation of the daily life of the entire society。

But a large number of empirical research conclusions indicate，There is obvious gap between environmental protection awareness and environmental protection actions。In the late 1980s，A comprehensive analysis of American scholars conducted a comprehensive analysis of the 128 environmental social surveys carried out by the country，The result of revealing the average relationship between environmental protection awareness and environmental action is only 0.35。Similar，2003、China Comprehensive Social Survey in 2010 and 2013 has specially designed measures in environmental awareness and action，The measurement results also unanimously show that environmental awareness cannot accurately predict the Chinese public environment action。Beijing Normal University Resources, Economic and Policy Research Center 2019 A survey of Beijing citizens' investigations and research discoveries，The information disclosure of low -carbon travel and publicity and education policy have no significant impact on whether citizens choose low -carbon commutes。Take a comprehensive，Environmental protection consciousness is not as expected as the "attitude -action" framework expectation can be effectively transformed into individual actual low -carbon operations，The adjustment of hopes for the adjustment of people's concept systems to promote daily low -carbon transformation solutions Bet365 lotto review still lack strong experience support。

Why can't the "attitude -action" framework effectively explain the low -carbon action of the individual，Many environmental social scientists have conducted in -depth reflection。In the long -lasting academic contention，Social Practice Theory (hereinafter referred to as "Practical Theory") has stood out in recent years，Provides a new idea for understanding low -carbon operations，The value of its policy guidance is also increasingly appearing。

　　Practice trigger daily action changes

Practice theory is a social body theory that emerged in the European social theory in the 1970s and 1980s。Initial，Social thinkers constructed the theory mainly to criticize the problem of the binary theory of the principal and guest dual theory in the social theory。until the end of the 1990s，This theory begins to be applied to the field of sustainable consumption，and gradually grow into a mainstream framework for studying the sustainable transformation of daily life。Basic viewpoints of practical theory believe，Social action is not alone，They will support each other、Inesses of each other，Integrated into daily practice composite we usually call "dressing", "eating", "work", "living", "heating", "entertainment"，These action complexes are social practice。Example with the "use water" action，The use of water in our daily life is never a one -time action，Instead, it is embedded in different social practice activities such as "cooking", "bath" and "laundry"，As part of these practices,。According to practice theory，It should be regarded as a performance of practice，Grasp the reproduction and change mechanism of action through the attributes of practice。

Practice Opposition Interprets Action as a choice under the domination of individuals under the concept of specific discourse and value，The motivation to advocate daily action should be an unspeakable practical consciousness，This is also the "attitude -action" framework has repeatedly been repeatedly studied that the crux of the lack of interpretation is confirmed。When quoting practical theory analysis of sustainable consumption operations，Researchers have further proposed that practice should be used as a focus Bet365 lotto review point for triggering action to trigger action。A research report released by the University of Manchester in the University of Manchester in the Institute of Sustainable Consumption of the University of Manchester pointed out in 2012，Practical -oriented action intervention can follow three main strategies: First, reconstruct individual practice，intervene in the constituent elements of practice; the second is to replace practice，using new or other practice to replace the original practice; the third is to adjust the connection between practice，That is, the overall intervention of a larger practical system that belongs to practice。Along this analysis idea，More and more research has been discussing how to lead daily operations by intervening in practice in recent years.。The conclusion of these studies indicates，The seemingly constant daily life is actually cure，By conforming to the laws of practice, a proper institutional intervention is given to practice，Daily operations can transform in the direction of society's expectations。

　　Practical theory provides new strategies for solving

Inspired by practical theory，Many environmental sociologists in recent years have advocated，To solve environmental problems rooted in daily life, you need to introduce a practical orientation governance mode。We think，Practical -oriented "Carbon Reduction" strategy is to reduce carbon emissions in the field of daily life、Specifying global climate change has broad application prospects。The so -called practical "carbon reduction" strategy，That is to use the scientific evaluation tools (such as the life cycle evaluation) to identify those daily practical activities with higher carbon emissions，and use these practices as the focus point of intervention，Guide them to gradually transform into practice of lower carbon emissions through the corresponding institutional arrangement。We try to discuss the practical "carbon reduction" strategy。

First，Reconstruction of the constituent elements of existing high -carbon practice。Practice theory thinks，Practice and its development depend on material、Skills、Meaning and other key composition elements。Practical material element determines its bet365 best casino games carbon emission attribute，The practice of those high -carbon emissions involves a large amount of daily practical activities that consume a lot of fossil energy or dense resources。So，Use green low -carbon technology、Material and infrastructure reconstructs high -carbon practice material element (such as vigorously developing and promoting new energy vehicle technology、Degradable packaging materials、Public transportation facilities)，It can lead these practices in the direction of "de -carbonization"。Reconstruction of the skills and significance of practice can also drive the low -carbon transformation of practice。For example，Some practical skills and knowledge of "energy conservation and emission reduction" through multiple channels，and encourage them to actively use these new skills to reduce carbon emissions of specific practice。Another example，The Japanese government launched an action initiative called "Cool Business" in 2005，Drinking the dressed practice of "suit and leather" and "solemn" and "power" and other traditional business symbols are related，Summer work in casual clothing has become a new practice popular among office workers in Japan，The temperature standard for the opening of air -conditioning in the office venue is also adjusted to 28 ° C，The effect of reducing seasonal carbon emissions。

2，Profit conditions for creating emerging low -carbon practice development。Facing some high -carbon practice that is more difficult to recreate，Training a more low -carbon practice choice to replace it is a worth considering idea。But due to the path dependency effect of daily life，The public generally has a stronger "user viscosity" for existing practice，How to recruit practitioners is a problem that cultivates and promote new low -carbon practice.。In order to enhance the competitiveness of the new practice compared to the existing practice，It can take perfect supporting facilities around new practice、Provide training opportunities、Build multiple measures such as positive significance，and apply subsidy methods appropriately，Inspired people to gradually turn to low -carbon practice。For example，2012，Birmingham Municipal Government Joint Bet365 app download Civil Group，Action Plan called "Cycling in the Beibumingham Community in Beibumingham" in some areas in the northern part of the city，It aims to encourage citizens to drive less fuel cars、Bicycle。Its specific practices include: providing free bicycle rental services，Open the cycling channel for people to go to school and work，Open a special bicycle service station (provides storage、Maintenance and Shower Services)，Free riding training for novices，The positive significance attached to the society (such as "freedom", "convenience", "health", "fun", "environmental protection")，, etc.。Under the intervention of these favorable policies，More and more citizens arranged for short -distance travel to start actively turning to the low -carbon practice of cycling。

third，Promote the overall low -carbon transformation of the practical system。Practice is always associated with each other、Interweater together，Specific social needs in the form of a practical system，These needs seem to be objective and legitimate，But can also be coordinated。Methods associated with each other by adjusting the practice，Some social needs related to energy consumption (such as flow requirements、fuel demand) There is a chance to be reshape，As a overall practical system, it can also achieve low carbon transformation。The treatment of soil and soil loss in Changting, Fujian, my country provides a reference case。The problem of soil and soil loss of Changting is not effective in governance for a long time because it cannot be strictly implemented.，The reason is that the demand for the daily life of farmers drives them often ignoring the ban on the mountain，Human interference with the recovery of forest vegetation recovery。From the 1980s，The local government department has adjusted the governance ideas，Turn policy intervention target to farmers' homes，Help them build festivals in the kitchen、Gas Stove、Solar stove、biogas stove, etc.，Promote the rice cooker to them、induction cooker、Electric kettle、Solar water water heater, etc.。With these measures，Make cooking by local farmers、Bathing and other daily useful practice and the original close association of firewood Bet365 app download practice are broken，Farmers' fuel demand is becoming more diversified，Dependence on forest resources is therefore significantly reduced，Not only did it effectively promote the local forest recovery process，and created an opportunity for further low -carbon transformation。

In short，On the basis of fully understanding the law of practice changes，Driving through policy innovation Drive various daily practices to achieve carbon reduction goals is a new idea worthy of reference，Nothing will impact the daily life order，At the same time, it can promote the sustainable transformation of daily life，Help the realization of green life goals。

　(This article is the formation of contemporary western social practice theory、Development and Application Research "(19CSH001) phased results)

(Author Unit: School of Ethnicology and Sociology, Central University for Nationalities)