Gradually deepened the degree of aging in China、In the new development pattern of population，To cope with population aging、Negative population growth and family miniaturization、Reality of coexistence of empty nestization，The Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Strengthening the Work of Aging in the New Era "clearly stated that the implementation of a national strategy that actively responded to the aging of the population，And emphasized that the elderly should be used as a family、Important Resources of the Social and Economic Development of the Community and the National Social and Economic Development。The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is further pointed out，We must unswervingly implement the national strategy of actively responding to the aging of the population。How to effectively integrate the new concept of aging social governance into the national strategy of the aging population in my country，The whole process of integrating economic and social development，It has become an important aspect of modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities in the new era。

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To support the elderly to participate in social development、Strengthen the development of human resources for the elderly，Since the 1970s，my country has formulated a series of management and service policies on the employment and service of the elderly。After half a century of development，The birth of the concept of employment promotion、The exploration period of policy connotation and the development period of policy practice。

1978-1999，It is the birth period for employment to promote the concept，From negative response to positive encouragement。1978，The State Council issued the "Interim Measures on the Resetting of the Old and Cadres Cadres" and "About Workers' Retirement、Interim Measures for Retreat "，Put forward the positive role of retired workers。1983，The State Council issued the "Interim Provisions on Several Issues on Senior Experts" and "About Partial Backbone Teachers、Doctor、Notice of the Retirement Bet365 app download Age of Science and Technology Personnel "，​​The retirement age of a few intellectuals and senior experts has been extended。1996，"Protection Law of the Elderly of the Elderly of the People's Republic of China" promulgated，For the first time, it should be gradually improved to ensure the conditions for the elderly to participate in social development，Support the employment rights of the elderly。

2000，is the expansion period of policy connotation，It aims to break institutional disorders。From the 1970s to the early 21st century，my country's elderly employment policy is mainly aimed at veteran cadres、Old senior experts and old intellectuals，After the "Eleventh Five -Year" plan was formulated，Follow the target to expand to all elderly people，Following the employment of the elderly。Since 2003，The state began to implement "Silver Age"，Promoting and organizing large and medium -sized cities with retired elderly people in the east -region to carry out intellectual assistance operations to economic underdeveloped areas such as western regions，It aims to promote the exertion of the elderly intellectuals，Promoting the re -employment of the elderly。2007，"Eleventh Five -Year Plan" for the Development of China's Aging Career，Further emphasized the importance of social participation of the elderly，It is proposed that you can use special activities to hire、Project hire、Short -term hire and other methods，Support the elderly to engage in youth education、Communication scientific and cultural knowledge、Consultation service、Medical and Health、Technology Development and Application。

2011-2022，Is the development period of policy practice，Multi -position policy framework。2011，"Twelfth Five -Year Plan for the Development of China" is promulgated，For the first time, it is proposed to pay attention to the development of human resources for the elderly，Support the elderly to participate in economic and social activities。2013，The "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several major issues on comprehensive deepening reforms" clearly requires research to formulate a policy delayed retirement age policy，To cope with aging impact。2016，The "Thirteenth Five -Year Plan for Human Resources and Social Security Development" formally clarified the bet365 best casino games importance of formulating and introducing a gradual delayed retirement age plan。2017，"Thirteenth Five -Year Plan" National Aging Career Development and Pension System Construction Plan，For the first time, the employment of the elderly，In retirement and pension system、Expand the social participation of the elderly、Policy planning in four aspects of supporting environment and elderly education，But the plan is still poor、The supporting system is incomplete、Poor execution force, etc.。In the same year，Proposed by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security，During the "Thirteenth Five -Year Plan" period, formulate a gradual delayed retirement plan，It is recommended that the retirement age of men and women will reach 65 years of age by 2045。2021，"Planning of the Fourteenth Five -Year Plan of the National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and the Outline of the Exart of the 2035 Far Scenery Target，It is clearly proposed according to "Small step adjustment、Elastic Implementation、Classification Promotion、overall planning "，Gradually delay the legal retirement age。2022，Individual provinces have begun to implement specific delay retirement policies，For example，"Implementation Measures for the Employee Insurance Insurance of Enterprise Enterprises in Jiangsu"，Apply for myself、The consent of the employer，Report the Human Resources and Social Security Administrative Department File，Insured persons can postpone retirement，The shortest time to delay retirement is not less than one year。

Thanks to the gradual clarity of the employment promotion policy of the elderly，According to statistics from "China Labor Statistics"，2002 to 2015，The number of elderly employment in the age of 60 and above in my country increased by 10.51 million，The proportion of the elderly employment population has gradually increased from 5.9%to 9.2%，60 -year -old and above elderly population labor participation rates have improved more obviously in nearly ten years。but，The labor participation rate of the elderly population has large gender differences and urban and rural differences，Men's elderly population labor participation rate is significantly higher than women，Rural elderly population labor participation rate is significantly higher than cities，And Bet365 lotto review the participation rate of the elderly population 60 and above is significantly lower than most developed countries，60-64 -year -old low -aged elderly population labor participation rate is only half of most developed countries。In addition to the first industries such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishing，At present, most elderly people in my country are reaching the post -retirement age，No longer choosing to continue working or self -employment。

　　The elderly employment willingness and ability have not yet been activated

Whether the employment promotion policy of the elderly can achieve results，Depending on the degree of matching of employment supply and employment needs，The former depends on the willingness and ability of the elderly，The latter refers to the construction of suitable aging labor market environment。Object of the development of human resources for the elderly，The cultivation of employment capabilities for elderly labor groups (potential) is the development of human resources for the development of the elderly、An important prerequisite for realizing employment for the elderly，It is also the basis for effectively implementing the employment policy of the elderly。Although the guidelines for the promotion of employment in the elderly are gradually improved，But the current elderly employment policy with delayed retirement is still in the development of human resources in the development of the elderly，Ignoring the deep soil of policy implementation -cultivation of employment willingness and ability for the elderly。

First，In terms of institutional supply，The employment policy framework of existing elderly and older workers is still relatively single。Delayed retirement mainly played a role in extending employment period for some regular employment elderly people，Limited part of the elderly who are not working in enterprises and institutions for large parts，Lack of encouraging the elderly multiple participation、Policy Design of Flexible Employment。Next，Resource support、Incentive measures and supporting policies，Still in the state of lag and absence。It is generally insufficient due to education level and re -employment ability，Under the circumstances that the employment education and training system of the elderly has not yet been established，The continuous employment and career development of a large number of elderly rural industrial workers working in urban and towns are severely restricted，This problem is even more severe Bet365 lotto review in the transformation of the modern industrial system led by the industrial structure.。At the same time，The current low -endowment guarantee level and non -Favorite medical system have improved the degree of evaluation of the elderly for their own disease risk，thereby reducing the probability of their labor investment。other，Under the influence of the traditional family concept of my country，Elderly people are more inclined to choose to respond to the care needs of the sub -generation，Personal development and social participation needs of labor participation，And the social education system of urban and rural communities has not yet been established，The realization of employment of elderly groups is restricted by practical factors。Last，The social atmosphere of the elderly employment and friendly has not yet been created。In the Chinese labor market，Regardless of the recruitment of the public department and the recruitment of the enterprise, the age limit is reflected。Age prejudice affects the self -evaluation of the elderly，Weaken the employment willingness and ability of the elderly。

Before the promulgation of policies and planning of older employment，Due to the lack of labor market environment for employment suitable for elderly groups、Social Environment、Establishment of the institutional environment，The real needs of the elderly on employment are not met。Policy supply and policy needs are not adapted，As a result, the willingness and employment ability of the elderly cannot be cultivated and activated，It is difficult to achieve the balance between the supply side and the demand side。

　　Precise policy releases the potential of older employment

The transition period of the gradual development of the country，The new elderly employment pattern must not only achieve the country's purpose of social integration，It is also necessary to achieve the development goals of the self -growth of the elderly group。

Expand the connotation of the policy of promoting the employment of the elderly，Design policy framework based on the actual needs of the elderly。Employment promotion of the elderly in our country，The dual meaning of the elderly incorporated into society and participating in social construction，It is necessary to provide appropriate conditions to promote the improvement of employment willingness and ability of the elderly，Help it actively participate in economic development、Social Public Welfare、Culture creation and family bet365 live casino games construction.，From passive and negative objects to active subjects。In the process of formulating an elderly employment policy，Government departments shall change the concept and mode of governance，Promote the re -employment of the elderly from a active aging perspective，Multiple areas that realize the policy network and its supporting measures、Multi -subject coverage，Solve the worries of the elderly on employment issues。

Create employment and employment environment and social atmosphere suitable for the elderly，Emphasize the creation of good institutional facilities to facilitate the integration of the elderly into the society，to stimulate its choice of willingness、Cultivate employment ability。Should reform my country's collection of pensions with the legal retirement age，To ensure the labor rights and interests of the elderly's employment population under delayed retirement system，Explore the establishment of "Minimum Receive Pension Age" and "Maximum Pension Age"，Ensure that the rights and interests of the elderly employment are encouraged while encouraging people to delay retirement。other，To further protect the labor rights and interests of the elderly employment group，The protection mechanism for employment rights for the elderly、Reasonable salary mechanism，Cancel the age limit in the employment market，and gradually promote elasticity plus voluntary retirement system，Establish and improve the elasticity for the elderly、Flexible working system，Provide the best choice environment and institutional foundation for the elderly groups in our country。

Use market、Social Organization、Community、Family and other multiple forces，Introducing supporting policy measures。The government plays a leading role，Formulate and revise relevant laws and regulations and policy systems，Enterprises actively carry out aging transformation。Integration of employment resources and services in urban and rural communities and sinking to the community public space，Establish a variety of positions suitable for the work of the elderly，Multiple forms such as development of premium labor and voluntary labor，Guide more elderly people in a flexible and diverse way to actively participate in social construction。Social organization is an important supplementary force，Activating policy implementation、Stimulate the employment of the elderly、The role of creating bet365 live casino games a good employment environment for the elderly。

In short，Facing the future aging of the population further intensified、A decrease in the age of labor、A new pattern of population development with the number of demographic dividends，It should be used to excavate the elderly human resources as the starting point，Formulate and implement multi -position、Multi -subject、Multi -directional participation in co -construction promotion policies，Orderly promote active aging and social governance transformation。

　(This article is a key project of the National Social Science Fund "Research on Employment of Employment in the Elderly in Population Aging" (21ARK004) phase results)

(Author Unit: College of Social and Population, Renmin University of China、Population and Development Research Center; College of Social and Population of Renmin University of China)