"The theory is gray，The tree of life is evergreen。"This phrase comes from the mouth of Faust in Goge's pen、Famous quotes that are continuously praised and explained by later generations，The ancient Chinese language "Come on the paper and finally feel shallow，Absolutely echoed "，both outline the difference between theoretical and experience at the phenomenon，secretly expressing the indispensable relationship between the two。Social Science Researchers, especially social theory researchers，On the one hand, the various limited nature of the knowledge of the scholarship and the rocking chair in the province，On the other hand, we must consciously maintain theory and life、Paper and bow、The close interaction between gray and evergreen，Let the theory draw nutrients from life，Keep and show your vitality and experience。So，Enter the field，It should be a compulsory course for social science researchers and social theory researchers。Methods and experiences of field research have rich introductions and research in academic circles at home and abroad，But few scholars reflect on the internal connection between social theory with field surveys。The author has been engaged in "learning on the rocking chair" for many years，The "gray" sex of the theory deeply feels the theory，Therefore, some friends and students in "guys" in recent years，Enter various fields，Try to guide students to carry out field surveys and research，I hope to cut the fun and hardships of the field research，and open up new academic space and road for yourself，Reality of theoretical research，I have accumulated some superficial views on the relationship between social theory and field investigation，Not shallow now，To present it，I hope to get the criticism and correction of the Fang family。

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　　Take yourself as a field.Social scholars should pay attention to themselves: not necessarily like -although it is important -as the desire of Budihe follows the strict "anti -sex sociology" method，To fundamentally improve the objectivity of sociological research，But be sure to use yourself as the object of field survey。The reason is very simple，Each of our social science researchers are people in society，Not just dealing with books，More dealing with people of all -colored people，and continuously re -socialize in social life。Our appearance is what society looks like，our thoughts、I made，is the result of the precipitation and presentation of society on us; we look forward to the attitude and method of others and the system，It is also largely the expectations of others; the answer that we eager to get from others，You can also get it from ourselves。This is the reason for this，On the one hand, it is because we are under the common cultural influence，On the other hand, it comes from our common humanity。From this perspective，Even if you don’t enter the field outside your body，Social scientists can also get a lot of information about society and people in self -concern and investigation，Get to others in self -understanding、understanding of society。Take yourself as a field，It is the question raised by the investigator to the investigation object，First of all, you should propose to yourself，The point of view I explained，First of all, it depends on whether it is suitable for yourself，I don’t believe it。This，The rationality of the specific investigation content and methods can be tested，Investigators can only "compare the heart to the heart"。but but，There are no two exactly the same leaves in the world，Personal experience is also limited，and，Few people have absolute self -reflection ability，So，Simple self -reflection and investigation cannot achieve in -depth grasp of society，Therefore, we need to enter the world of others and crowds in the society。

　Fields as an ontology rather than a tool.When we face a strange classic work，It is opened with awe and curiosity，Finding Youyou Micro in the Word，Think about its problem consciousness and substantial care，Clarify its thousands of times and turns、Free to release the logic of the discussion，Accept it in repeated reading and figured out its influence。Find evidence of the same or left -left evidence from his own views，Not the correct attitude of reading classics，This will simplify and even distort the classic，Gaps greatly discount。and，No classic has one problem consciousness、An analysis clue，or only one conclusion that can be worn at a glance，Therefore, you need to read and understand repeatedly at different times and scenes，Need to put it in different contexts to expand dialogue and comparison。Treating the field should also be the same as the classic works，Before entering，It is a book that has not been opened，We can't stand outside of its door diameter to imagine its mystery。The motivation to enter the field should also be like opening a classic work，Just curiosity。For example，We investigate the charge industry in Sanmen County, Zhejiang Province，It is because it is one of the local pillar industries，and we know nothing about it。Let's investigate "Three Gate Crab"，Also curious: Why does blue crab become "three -door blue crab"? Curious about phenomena，Enter the field with prefabricated theoretical questions to "find" answers or prove that some of your views，There is essential differences。Many investigators enter the field，I did a lot of homework，But the focus of the homework is not the field itself，Instead of collecting information around the questions you are interested,，Writing Literature Summary，Design Interview Outline。A word to cover it，It is to limit the awareness of the question of investigation very specific or even narrow，After entering the field, according to these prefabricated products、A very small "garden"，If no one is "dig, dig"。

The limitations of the prefabrication problem are obvious: we often listen to investigators complaining that the field is too flat，Can't find the information you need，It is likely to be with this prefabricated problem、The practice of field toolization is related。Not only that，Prefabrication issues will also be limited to the vision of the investigator，The richness and complexity of the lost field，The phenomenon and topic that the missing fields are beyond our imagination。More important thing is，Prefabrication Questions，Investigators have "made bamboo" before the investigation，The results of the survey will not bring substantial inspiration to its research，Add a few evidence for it at most。In short，Interest -driven survey is based on the fun issues of "discover" in the field and climbing the answer，The taste of "I Note Six Classics"，The field is ontology; the investigation of the prefabricated problem is to set up a topic for the field from the outside，The essence is "Six Classics Inject Me"，The field is instrumental。Interest of keeping open fields，Question consciousness comes from the field to the field，Is the correct field attitude that we recognize。

Use team cooperation advantages to activate the details of the survey 

　　Activities based on human beings.Only the popularity of the wine table in the workshop can get the opportunity to get the opportunity to see the legend of the field of the field，Let many scholars and students look forward to the field investigation，But from our experience，Social survey does not necessarily have to pick up the stunning secrets，The key is the sensitive grasp of the details of life that is commonplace and not concerned.，Therefore, in most cases, it is the drizzle，There is often too many differences in the same family。唠 唠，Those who need to investigate the life course of the survey object，and the general scenarios in the present are recognized，Understand the world of human love。For example，Any interviewee we face，All have a unique life experience，But these experiences must happen in a group、Society、The specific historical scenario shared by the country and the world。Investigators can have common experience and suffering if they can experience the interviewees，It can definitely promote the investigation well; if you can't do this，At least you must understand the historical scenes of its experience，This can resonate with the interviewee and empathy，Get more details。Sometimes，Chat for several consecutive hours obtained some trivial things，There is no unexpected or shocking information，But don't be disappointed even so，Because we have accumulated a lot of materials that can be discussed from the interview。

　　Different significance of different details.Since it is from the "people's nature"，So the most flat details may often be the most valuable，Some issues that have important value，It is likely to be discovered from the details of the inadvertent expressions of the interviewees。When we are investigating rural pensions in Zhejiang，Not only obtains information through interviews，and pay special attention to the physical language of the elderly。For example，In a township nursing home，We do not understand a large string of keys around a thin old man's waist，Until the interview, we are going to leave，He runs in front，When the key is opened to open the door，We suddenly realized: It turns out that the elderly are not just the care object of this nursing home，Still its half master，The nursing home is his "home"。When comparing township nursing homes and professional nursing homes，We not only follow their respective space arrangements、Service method、charge、The living conditions of the elderly，and pay special attention to the mentality and socialization of the elderly。We encountered meals when we were investigating in two nursing homes，The elderly of the professional nursing home treats us strange visitors as no one，Elderly people in township nursing homes generally greeted us "eating together"。In a professional nursing home，The living space of the elderly is very neat，No trace of extra，In the township nursing home，The bedside of the elderly is always full of "surplus" and personality。These details are contrad with each other，Supported us to propose a substantial issue: rural elderly people's understanding of "home" and the practice of rebuilding the "home" after leaving home, and the actual and response position of "home" in social governance。Another example is，In a Shanghai Community Council，We noticed，Although some owners' requirements and suggestions on community transformation meet the rights and needs of all owners，But some other owners not only do not support but also secretly oppose it，On the contrary，Some transformation plans that do not fully meet the interests of the owner may get support from the post -class owner。When asked about the reason for the choice of the post -class owner，Their answer is: The former owners only ask for their rights but do not participate in community volunteer activities，Of course not to be supported，On the contrary，The daily work of the neighborhood committee and the industry committee，The relationship between the same owner to maintain friendly，So，Even the actual role of what they want to do is not obvious，But as long as the price is not too big，You can still vote for a ticket。This allows us to discover，In real community life，"Rights" may be a complicated phenomenon，It must be transcended to the concept of "rights" to understand。

　　Team -based survey.Enter the field without prefabricated problems，Details that are focused on daily life、"Discover" research on the contact of details，This is a great challenge for the surveyor's observation and imagination。It is not difficult to imagine，It is difficult for any survey to meet the above requirements perfectly。The way to make up for personal deficiencies is group group。The team enters the scene at the same time，But the attention points of different participants will be different，will capture and understand information from different angles。With a lot of different information，The collective discussion after the daily investigation has a full dialogue material，Team members remind each other in the discussion、Stimulation and inspiration，Lenovo of the relationship between different information。The usual situation is，A investigator was frustrated after a whole day of hard work that he did not obtain any unique value，But in the team's mutual stimulation and inspiration，The information of the original atomic state will slowly establish contact，Question consciousness begins to present and clearly，The next survey direction will also be clear。From this perspective，Team survey is very important，Team discussion is even more critical than investigation。

"Good theory is the most practical": social theory and social survey 

Compared to the middle -level theory of each discipline，Social Theory is concerned about the basic problems of modern society，Not in any specific research direction and the established problem consciousness，Vision widely; but relative to philosophy theory，Social Theory is the search for general Bet365 lotto review issues of human beings in the background of specific times，experience and reality is its inherent characteristics。So why，It is impossible for the social theory and the field to be unprepared，I will not strictly sew it，Instead, if it is，This allows social theories to look at and reflect on the field with "third eyes"，Get transcendence thinking about field phenomena。Of course，Social theory mentioned here，It is a social theoretical literacy developed in classic immersion in the years，instead of a pile of concepts and propositions of the bookbags。Social theoretical literacy allows investigators to forget the concept and theory，Abandon "Bookbag"，Enter the field with plain faces towards the heavens and earth。Summary，The relationship between social theory and social survey，Can be understood from the following four aspects。

　　The literacy of different information.Establish structural connection between the bland and unrelated information，It is the difficulty of field survey and research。But the scholars who are immersed in classic theoretical works all year round，Will nourish this vegetarian nourishment naturally。When we are investigating in an ancient town in Shanghai，There are multiple fragmented "shops" information, gently hit us。First of all, the secretary of the neighborhood committee provided a number，Selling rice dumplings、hoof、Stores with meat and pickles account for 40%of the total amount of ancient town stores。This meaningless number at first was left on our notebook。Then the influx of other information: Zongzi、hoof、Pork、The owner of the sauce shop is basically locals，Most of them are engaged in such operations at the beginning of the development and tourism of ancient towns，It has been nearly 20 years so far。We call this kind of shop "Frequent Stores"。Chat and business during the epidemic，They agree that the store is not as good as before，But as long as the express delivery is unobstructed，No problem with capital protection，The reason is that there are Shanghai returning guests，but selling jewelry、​​Silk shop is miserable，Because foreigners are not here。Post -category shop we call it "best -selling store"，What do they sell in the fire，The business variety is short, one or two years long, then for three or four years to change a stubble。The interesting thing is，"Best Selling Store" owner is usually a foreigner who is rushed to the ancient town。The local boss's evaluation of the foreign boss is: diligence、Tips，But I want to make money too much，What to earn money to do。The latter's evaluation of the former is the opposite: conservative，No motivation to make money。This ancient town does not receive tickets，Life areas and scenic spots cross each other，Stores that sell travel products and stores selling agricultural products are neighboring，Many middle -aged and elderly passengers who came down from the subway pull the small trailer at hand，It is not so much that tourists are customers in the farmer's market。When these unrelated information appears at the same time in our minds，It means that the connection between them has begun to be initially established: The process of developing tourism in ancient town is the process of two people gathered in the ancient town。First of all is Shanghai，They not only found the opportunity to extend the history of Shanghai in the ancient town，Discovered the traditional taste of Shanghai people，From this shape, their identification with the ancient town and the special significance of the ancient town for their special significance。Shanghai people have this recognition，Only will you consciously recommend the ancient town to foreign tourists，The purpose and mentality of the latter to visit the ancient town must be different from the Shanghai people，It has promoted the rise of various "best -selling stores"。Local businessmen should maintain the identity of the Shanghai people，Foreign merchants to cater to the source of business for foreign tourists，Two different tourists and shops are opposite to the opposite of the ancient town to guard the tradition of both the tradition and promote changes。

　The ability to discover different problems.The connection of different information is not blind，But the emergence of interesting issues is inseparable。For example, in the information connection introduced in the previous paragraph，It is the emergence of a research topic: how does traditional food be associated with Shanghai people as a medium，Laure the ancient town of the ancient town compared to the other complete scenic spots around the surrounding area.。Of course，The above information is just the introduction of this issue，To answer it，You need to expand the survey orientation，Get a richer history and contemporary information，and，We found，With the retirement of the first -generation shop owners of the "Frequency Store"，In the past two decades, the bonds of the ancient town's own characteristics have the hidden concerns of relaxing。"Discover" issues such as "discovery" based on the investigation information，On the one hand, it comes from the sensitivity given to the investigators and the ability to wear a needle on different information，On the one hand, it originated from the internal consciousness of the comparative study of social theory。For example，Since 2018，We found an interesting phenomenon in the ancient town of Jinhua, Zhejiang: The flowing route of migrant workers is not just "from the countryside to the city"，and "From the countryside to the countryside"，flows from the countryside in the central and western regions to the Yangtze River Delta、Township Industrial Park in the Pearl River Delta。From this we have a question: Can the flow of "rural to cities" cover the flow of "villages and villages"? Further investigation found that due to the low cost of life in towns and towns、institutional constraints are scarce、Employment positions are mostly related to rural life，Migrant workers flowing to the countryside are easier to organize group flows，Especially for a large family method of a large family method with a scale of dozens of or even dozens of mouthfuls，Even copying the life mode of my hometown in a different place，This is different from the flow of "from the countryside to the city" based on core families or individuals; because ancient town houses are generally single -layer and courtyard -style，The common public space of the tenant and the locals，Their interaction and even the latter's discrimination with the former is intuitive and specific，Different from the institutional and abstract discrimination of big cities。

How to "Discover" the issue in the field，It looks random、Various of people，The association between the topics is also accidental，but，Investigation selection and arrangement of topics guided by the literature review，The vision of this survey is open，The collection of the investigation information is open，Of course, the experience requirements for the investigators are also harsh。More important thing is，This type of topic originated from the social survey itself，The history and reality of rooted in the field of the field，It is precipitated in the brain、Can't say it in advance、Guangbo's question consciousness Together with the field, it was shot after touching the field，Effectively avoid preconceived、The usual practice of imposing the topic from the outside。We call this "survey based on social theoretical literacy"，instead of the "Survey of theoretical Orientation"。

　Beyond "Representative"，Discover academic problems with universal significance from individual fields。"Representative" constitutes the core topic of many field research methodology，What the case is "representative" is the soul question that investigators often have to face。We found，Touch of social theoretical literacy and field information will make the investigators consciously or unconsciously place specific cases in the modern context built by universal theory，So，The investigators are trying to discover the details of the case and the research issues led to the uniqueness of the case naturally have universal significance。This，The "representativeness" of the case is not a problem that researchers need to deliberately demonstrate or avoid。We gradually focused on the "three -door blue crab" in the survey of the three small seafood water water filter，Two basic historical clues to understand the formation and transformation of the formation and transformation of the "three -door blue crab": First, from the "blue crab" in the general sense to "three door bay blue crabs" to "three door blue crabs" "，How is this transition process that is possible; the second is that blue crabs from pure nature gifts to natural batch breeding to the transition of science and technology to fully intervene in breeding。These two clues are both independent and crossing and supporting each other，I forged today's "Three Green Crab"。We follow these two clues to the social background of creating "three -door blue crab"、mechanism and strategy made specific and slight climbing comb。But if you are satisfied with this，will stay in breeding technology、Marketing and local governments to create local brands such as the strategy of building local brands have vulgarized research levels。Our approach is to go further，Discuss why the market accepts "three -door blue crab"。Marketing strategy and consumer demand in the "Three Gate Blue Crab"，We found an answer that has a universal significance for the Chinese: in the creation of local special brands such as "three -door blue crabs" and "Yangcheng Lake hairy crabs"，It implies a general emotional structure of the Chinese -deep nostalgia for "nature" -reconstruction and catering。"Nature" The meaning in the context of Chinese is multiple，But in food mainly refers to "soil"，"Soil" can be specifically turned into two different relationships and implicated emotional structures.。This emotional structure still has tenacious vitality even in the context of high modernization，Even the more modern, the more eager to "nature": on the one hand, pursue more and more modern life and environment，On the other hand, it is increasingly thoughtful to "natural" food gifts，The modern orientation of the surface layer and the deep nostalgia "Nature" contradictory in the heart of modern Chinese。CCTV played "China on the Tip of the Tongue" series documentary, especially the first season, is a clear evidence。Forging history of "Three Gate Blue Crab"，The history of the emotional structure of the Chinese people is activated and enlarged。We study the forging history of "Three Gate Crab"，In fact, it is revealing the general emotional structure of the Chinese。Because of the durable and activation of this emotional structure，Even the breeding technology of "three -door blue crab" is far from natural soil and soil，mainly depends on science and technology and artificial environment，But the basis for its interpretation is still "soil": the most developed breeding technology and artificial environment create more natural conditions than "nature" in reality! Similarly，Survey of the aforementioned rural pension institutions，We are not satisfied with the classification of the way of pension and the pension mode，Instead of entering the "home" as the generalist level of the social life and emotional structure of the Chinese people，Based on this analysis, the old man who is forced to leave home after leaving home is forced to rebuild the "home" method and strategy，Reflection of the relationship between "home" and social governance。

　　The more social surveys based on social theoretical literacy, the more practicality。This type of field survey will consciously pursue the common topic behind the phenomenon，The level of survey is richer，The problem trace deeper，The topic proposed is more universal，The combination of academicity and practicality is more closely。For example，Analysis of the "home" thoughts and rural social governance strategies of rural elderly people，It helps to guide the allocation of homesteads in rural areas today、The construction of new rural areas such as farm house reconstruction returns to the road with the emotion and ethical needs of farmers。In the context of highly saturated tourism resources in ancient town in Jiangnan, there are still many ancient towns who are eager to try before the market -oriented temptation，Investigation and research on the structural characteristics of the ancient town of Shanghai，Perhaps it can inspire the ancient town managers and operators to operate the path of the ancient town alone，or think about ways to maintain the ancient town tradition that has hidden concerns。The rights and human sentiments proposed in the investigation of the community council are propositions embedded in each other rather than binary theory relationship，There are also deep provinces for how we build our right to respect both the rights of citizens and so impregnated with tenderness。

Social survey based on social theoretical literacy 

The quality research of Chinese sociology is encountering a bottleneck，This is the following two contrasts: the scale of sociological practitioners expands rapidly，But the number of field researchers does not grow simultaneously，More researchers gather Bet365 lotto review theory、History and quantitative fields; field survey is considered a field that no one can enter without a knowledge foundation，But the results of high -quality field research are increasingly rare compared to the brilliance of the early 21st century。High -quality field research，Need rich information and details，Tells the story of vivid and touching souls and general emotions，I need to open and penetrate the problem of problems。

The scale of the scale of high -quality field research works shrinks，Intuitive look at the field survey is not attracted by the academic community。Indeed，Today's pursuit of short -pursuit today，Compared to quantitative research，Even compared to the theoretical and historical research from books from books to books，Field Studies not only the slowest living, but the most risk that cannot be survived。but，From an academic and practical perspective，field research is the most important，It can even be said to be the destination and inspection of all academic activity value。Look further，This may be related to the bias of academic ideas and talent training methods，The "Social Survey guided by the Literature Summary" criticized in this article is its typical performance。For example，Academic papers opening questions and writing habits，It is the text that researchers are studying on their own、The field is not familiar with or even in the imagination stage，Just tie it to the relevant literature，Preconceived and externalized to determine the problem of problems for unknown research materials，Give your own thinking fence。More fundamental bias is that social theoretical education has not received enough attention，Researchers or educated people，Most of the social theory of social science theory on the middle level is replaced by the social theory that pays attention to the basic Bet365 lotto review issues of human beings，Based on "Classic Literature" with "Branch and Leaf Literature"，Social theoretical courses and pan -reading instead of systematic reading and repeated figures on classic works，The "people's common sense of people" permeated in classic works in the name of objectiveization，The real goal of developing the theoretical literacy of society with abstract concepts and theoretical memory。Needless doubt，Concept、The proposition is the first step in social theoretical education，But it is by no means an educational destination，Destination is the development of social theoretical literacy。The so -called "literacy"，It is a variety of concepts、Propositions and theoreticals that the educated people have been forgotten after being forgotten by the educated people.。Social theoretical literacy as the basis of thinking，It will guide the educated people to consciously discover it consciously、Connection、Various fragmented information converted in fields and texts，Beyond all kinds of problems that have become "orthodox"，Reveal the structural power behind the daily phenomenon，Including institutional structure and emotional structure。Of course，Although this article only discusses the basic role of social theoretical literacy on social survey，Actually theoretical literacy、Historical literacy and sense of life are integrated，Three missing one。and，In different research areas such as theory、History、Fields and even quantitative，Different from the source of materials，The literacy and methods they need are common。

(The author is a professor at Shanghai University Social College)