Although the term "scientific novel" in Chinese context is proposed, it is more than 20 years earlier than Hugo Genbak's proposal "Scientificiton" in the United States，But the awakening of Chinese science fiction in the Chinese science fiction is as late as to the late 1970s。Chinese science fiction tried to break away from the three management systems of "Science and Literature -Scientific Popularization -Scientific Fantasy Novel" that was increasingly aggressive at the time; on the other hand,，It is confused about how to locate in the free world after getting rid of the 桎梏。Search for "What is Chinese Science Fiction"，In the past half a century, the development of Chinese science fiction and industries has been lingering for a long time。

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Chinese science fiction writer group at the beginning of reform and opening up，In fact, only a consensus was reached in one thing，That is, the current situation of Chinese science fiction should be new、Your own、Independent face。Xiao Jianheng used the "creative sleeve" to criticize the writing method that had become a martial arts at that time。Zheng Wenguang pointed directly at the embarrassment of science and literature positioning itself: "The scientific community believes that it is literary and artistic;，I think it is science，The result became a bat in fairy tales: Birds say it looks like a mouse，It is the animal; the beast said it has wings，Is a bird。"(" It should be carefully cultivated in science and literature and art ") but，Even the constructive sound from the internal internal science fiction writer group，Also often encountered criticism。For example，Tong En won the "National Best Short Story Award" in "Dead Light on Coral Island"，Try to think of a "plot novel"，Therefore, get rid of it as a rough positioning that was previously used as a "genre of science popularization"。and Zheng Wenguang quickly pointed out，This is actually the "big genre" that "a little scientific" such as "Star Wars" is included in science fiction，This "just use other planets to describe some bizarre stories，Not what we should follow "(" Science and Literature and Art Talk ")。

From the perspective of the development history of science fiction in China，Enlightenment logic of inheritance from Liang Qichao and Lu Xun's age，and the unrealized "scientificism"，There is still a continuation in the science fiction creation during this period，The theoretical discourse introduced from the Soviet Union in the 1950s，Still editor、The author worshiped Bet365 app download as Gui。Chinese science fiction writers in the late 1970s，Like many "doctrines" and "genres" that advocated self -innovation in the Chinese literary world at the time，Standing at the crossroads that are staggered。Under the leadership of the liberation and enlightenment at that time，A series of major theoretical concepts including "science", "fantasy" and "reality" have been repeatedly discussed; foreign science fiction film and television、The huge impact formed by the novel has not been fully digested，The wave of "Cyberpunk" in the brewing is also difficult to echo in China; although the local science fiction creation team is growing，But still lacks truly excellent representative works。

In this context，The mentality of Chinese science fiction writers is quite subtle。The previous science fiction text relies on popular science、The grand narrative system of science and even cultural enlightenment，Get strong legitimacy。After more than half a century of development，This legitimacy is gradually referred to as a constraint on science fiction creation，But how to get rid of this constraint，The theoretical discussion and creative practice at that time failed to propose an effective solution。For example，Echoing with Zheng Wenguang's resistance to Star Wars，Ye Yonglie, who is famous for its prestigious in the future of "Little Spirit Tour"，In the 1970s and 1980s, I had to tire to respond to the criticism of its "pursuing personal fame" and "excessive marketization"。

At that time，In addition to Ye Yonglie's "thrilling science fiction novels", etc., it is obviously facing the sub -types of the popular reading market，Chinese science fiction writers who are exploring are also trying in many directions。Tong Enzheng believes that science fiction should "promote a scientific outlook on life"; Xiao Jianheng believes that science fiction can "cause readers to care about science、interests and hobbies "; Zheng Wenguang proposed，Science fiction can play the role of "folding mirror"，Discuss social issues，and finally proposed "science fiction realism"; Liu Xingshi introduced the western science fiction classification，Creatively treat science fiction as "the continuation of real scientific research"。In these thinking and discussion，"Bat theory", "two concepts", "hard science fiction and soft fiction", "social science fiction novels" were born.、The point of influence today。

Although these authors made a lot of attempts，But from the perspective of its actual creative results and influence，Chinese science fiction at least not completely reversed the stereotype impression fixed by "Little Spirit Tour the Future"bet365 Play online games 。Really worthy of attention and indeed formed a certain degree of recognition，It is a series of explorations in the science fiction writer group、The spiritual temperament shown in the debate and self -confession: "The weight of the burden on our shoulders deeply" (Tong Enzheng "New Year's Express"，"Be on this material and spiritual rubble pile，Cultivation and creating a generation of socialist newcomers "(Zheng Wenguang" Three Children Going to Snake Island "。These are the real portrayal of this generation of science fiction writers。They try enthusiastically、Thinking and creation，and science、Fantasy and the pursuit of modern future scenes of human beings，Infected from a generation of readers。Liu Cixin claims to be "first generation of science fiction fans"，He said in "Disappearing Stream" in "Disappearing Stream": "They really plan to take them out。”

Chinese science fiction that grows in the process of modernization 

1902，During the period of the modernization of China，Liang Qichao's advertisement "The only Journal of Literature in China" "New Novels" published on the "New People's Cong"，For the first time, the "scientific novel" was defined in the Chinese context: "Decipher in novels to invent philosophy and learn。"" Gezhi Xue "is today's science，In Liang Qichao's eyes, it has the possibility of "one or two human resources" ("On the World of Academic forces"。But his imagination and advocacy，After rushing to the peak boom quickly，It is quickly put aside quickly。Similar scenes，Later repeatedly staged。Science fiction is always after a big name，Quickly leave the stage center。These concepts、Creation and exploration，In nearly a century,，Can't really move towards practice，Specific reasons come from multiple aspects。

First of all, the legitimacy of "Fantasy" has never been fully demonstrated，This is the direct dilemma faced when Chinese science fiction establishes its own literature and cultural characteristics。Actually，In a long period of time，When talking about science fiction，"Fantasy" is often the opposite side of the opposite side of the object of the theory.。When based on science，"Fantasy" is regarded as "sub -science" and even "non -scientific" literary fiction; when it is based on literature，"Fantasy" is regarded as "non -reality"，or even the next thing that is near "absurd" and "evasionism"。Wang Furen pointed out very well when he evaluated the rise and fall of Chinese science fiction in the 1990s，Chinese cultural traditions have "reality reality、Light Fantasy "tradition，Fantasy itself also needs to "convert into the will of transforming objective reality"，Only bet365 Play online games possibility of practice。and these methods for these methods、Acceptance and criticism of concept，then you need。

Followed by the generalization and dailyization of "science" is still in the exploration at this stage，This is the most important reason to restrict people's impression and acceptance of science fiction。When science only becomes a component of daily life experience，The experience and aesthetics of it are possible。Similarly，Only subversive innovation related to technology is closely related to technology、The underlying evolution of the concept of social ethics and philosophy is widely accepted，Science fiction can get its growth soil in the public culture。This is also a science science science that almost all of the early science fiction writers came from the front line of scientific research or long -term engaged in the cutting -edge of science and technology、The cause of the news。2023，Director Guo Fan said in an interview，The success of the series of "Wandering Earth" series of movies is closely related to the emergence of major technological achievements such as Chinese aerospace。In this sense，The prosperity of science fiction culture will inevitably be with a country、The degree of modernization of region or nation is closely related。

Finally, the fundamental reason is the development of science fiction and even culture，In essence, it is part of the unrepaired human modern culture。When we can't imagine a truly adapt to China、Other third world countries and even the future world map of all human beings，Science fiction root naturally lacks soil。Chinese science fiction for a century of search、collision and evolution，Directly shows that humans have enlightened from Europe、Many unfinished modern explorations began during the romantic period。When the submarine becomes a regular underwater vehicle for the army，Verne's "20,000 Miles of the Sea" loses its wonders; when the Internet becomes a common infrastructure of the city，"Cyber ​​Punk" also ushered in its decline。The most imaginative science fiction writer，It is just a group that is slightly sensitive in the process of modernization，They are just the night before the new era comes，Story in the trial field of society -but they know，The only unchanged in the science and technology era，Only the change itself。

Chinese -style science fiction mother questions with local characteristics 

The biggest change facing the current world science fiction is that the center seems to be changing the second time。In European -style science fiction、American -style science fiction，Chinese -style science fiction is accompanied bet365 best casino games by the process of Chinese -style modernization to form a strong cultural influence。In more than 100 years of twists and turns，Chinese science fiction enlightenment from the late Qing Dynasty，Eliteian cultural phenomenon that becomes a place for science and cultural intercourse，Today, it has become the ideological resources and cultural force that the public accepts again。Now，Three types of sci -fi parent questions with local characteristics are gradually forming a new tradition and showing their strength。

First of all。Like Marxism's criticism and absorption of utopian socialism，Chinese science fiction authors created a small batch of imitating utopia in the late Qing Dynasty，Basically abandoned a panoramic description of the ideal social system and technology development。Youth Lu Xun keenly realized，It is impossible to have a perfect、Static future，He wrote in "Moon Travel · Different Words"，Even in the interstellar colonization becomes a daily future world，Disputes still exist，"Although the earth can be expected，and the Battle of the Planet again "。It is in this development and competition，"The Yellow Copies，You can flourish "。Chinese science fiction since then is written in the future，How to write in a targeted manner how to "reach" the future through scientific means。Science fiction authors are even willing to concentrate on these imagination and descriptions on extremely specific methods to innovate、Industry breakthroughs or technical concepts，Science fiction has therefore become a kind of complication for reality。Similar creations also appear in South America、A series of former colonies in Southeast Asia or among the third world countries。These works can get rid of the macro narratives commonly used in the European and American science fiction，and tend to be under the premise of mutual learning，The future of depicting differences with opportunities。

Followed by the imagination of modern scientific aesthetic practice，Concentrated reflected in the writing of "newcomers who have been armed in science"。This is the meaning of the question of science fiction creation，But in Europe and the United States，It is often subject to the dual opposition of science and religion，This narrative mode even monopolized the imagination space of human beings for future scenes。Chinese science fiction is exactly after accepting the natural legitimacy of science，Being able to stand on the scientific position without reservation，Go to observe the aesthetics、Topics of ethics and personality。Liu Cixin's series of works is the leader of Bet365 app download it，For example, "Rural Teacher" successfully stood on the standpoint of alien technology，Re -define the image of "Teacher"，Created a very iconic modern technology aesthetic mood。More importantly，This direction is constantly updated with the connotation of "popular science" and extension，Get a more epoch -making expression。General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized in the reply to the representative of academicians of "Science and China" on July 20, 2023，Close connection with science popularization and technology innovation，"Widely spread scientific knowledge、Promoting the scientific spirit，It played a good role in promoting the popularization of science "。This makes both science and science fiction from being close to、Liberation of the knowledge of mechanical knowledge，Imagination experience、immersed experience depicts the cultural spirit and ideal personality that constantly changes in the context of scientific and technological language。

Finally, the direction of the "glazed tiles on Mars" as a cultural practice。Science fiction imagination based on the history and myth resources relying on China，Starting from the late Qing Dynasty。But after the exploration and attempts of the nearly century，A group of young authors in the 1990s responded to this proposition with "no glazed tiles on Mars"，I believe that many existing creations have stopped simply misappropriation、collage，Wasting traditional cultural resources，also departs from the cultural spirit of modern science，Therefore, it is not a feasible direction。In recent years，This idea has gained attention in the overseas Chinese writer group，A batch of more communication works appeared，As Liu Yukun's "Hunting Happy"、Zhao Xiran's "Iron Widow" and so on，They are summarized as "Silk Punk" genre in general。and domestic authors have abandoned the simple misappropriation of traditional Chinese cultural themes，Gradually began to return to the deep -seated cultural spirit of Chinese cultural traditions、philosophical concept、narrative method，Some authors tend to dig out the modern "new tradition" that gradually produced in the late Qing Dynasty to reduce the intersection of Chinese local culture and modern science and technology。In this direction，Born a series of exploreized style works such as "Jinan's Kite", "Seven Kingdoms Galaxy", "The Heroes of the Cyber", "Apocalypse"。

A very interesting phenomenon is，As a to maximize the difference in human cultural differences、Category to common technology and future，Science fiction often becomes a science Bet365 lotto review fiction person from different cultural backgrounds re -discovered the cultural space of "here"。Guo Fan is in a communication with Hollywood，Gradually realize the home awareness of the naturally contained in "Wandering Earth"，And this is exactly this series of movies "out of the circle" and officially go to the public's emotional gaze。Now，Chinese science fiction is becoming increasingly involved、The cultural practice space that is more and more extensive。In addition to the relatively hard core core science fiction，Visual style、Aesthetic elements、Diversified science fiction setting background is being created。Re -starting again and again，It means that Chinese science fiction is not only "embedded" to today's Chinese culture，And has become one of the strong source of innovation motivation。Because the development of Chinese science fiction is closely accompanied by the modernization of China，The current Chinese science fiction creators represented by Liu Cixin，It's not just a hero who is a single horse，but the times of cultural and historical development、group results。

(Author is an associate researcher at the School of Literature and Journalism of Sichuan University)