Fernan Bro Eardor "The Mediterranean World in the Mediterranean and Philip II" is well -known world，If anyone wants to rewrite the History of Mediterranean，There is no doubt that there is no breakthrough in many levels。Professor of the Mediterranean History of Cambridge University David Abrafia "The Great Sea: Mediterranean Human History" (translated by Xu Jialing，Social Science Literature Publishing House, July 2018) Can be called an ambitious work。

The Mediterranean Sea, which is called by the Jews as the "Great Sea" as the stage，Staged a series of crossing this marine ocean noodles、Large epic dramas of the people at the islands and ports。Author ingeniously divides the Mediterranean according to human history as the first Mediterranean (2000 BC -1000 BC)、Second Mediterranean (1000 -600 years ago)、Third Mediterranean (600-1350)、Fourth Mediterranean (1350-1830)、Five major historical periods of the fifth Mediterranean (1830-2014)，strive to show the magnificent historical scroll in the macro vision。

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The Mediterranean in the pen of Brostel is "the land far from the coastline and the sea pot full of sea water"，To be exactly not the Mediterranean waters itself，Instead, a whole containing the surrounding mountains bet365 best casino games and rivers。The Mediterranean that should be involved is mainly the ocean itself，、Binhai area and island、Harbor。What is the defined academic connotation?

The Mediterranean in Brlodeier's pen is not just a sea，but "the United States Unite"。His assertion is decisive: "The life of the Mediterranean is combined with land。"" Learn from the complex whole as a whole of the Mediterranean "，He wrote a "historical theory centered on the vast waters" in three levels: one is almost a history of history -history of people and environmental relationships; second, the history of slow rhythm - History of the group; the third is the traditional history -the history of the event。This is a horizontal history of the Mediterranean Sea in a specific era。He is more or less contempt for political history that is called historical events，It is determined that all the changes in history are slow，Human beings are subject to the unprepared destiny。The claim that should be opposite to this。The author pays attention to the small decisions and events that may have a huge impact，Its theme is human and its civilization、The interactive relationship between the event and the Mediterranean，Especially for the Mediterranean is integrated into a single business to varying degrees、Culture and even political areas，and its reverse disintegration process。The author pays attention to traveling through the sea、Trade、Mission、Warrior: A lot of fearless explorers、Pilgrims full of anxiety、bet365 Play online games Courageous businessman、Ambitional politician、trembling refugees。Following events are concentrated in the vertical history of the Mediterranean。Different from Brlo Eya is，The author emphasizes the changing changes that constantly occur with the passage of time: the co -habitat relationship between man and nature will eventually go to the end。The Mediterranean he is concerned about first is the Mediterranean of the Natural Border，Then there is the Mediterranean that is human -made: the Mediterranean Ocean itself and its offshore coast and port cities and sea islands -instead of the land of the Mediterranean。

　　The return of human history or the history of the event

This book is a constructive history of tailoring historical facts，instead of natural objective history。

The author has no intention of exploring historical puzzles，Instead of writing known historical past。Repeated past affairs，See you to see it before seeing it，History is appropriately arranged。For example，Judging in the "Entering the Mediterranean" (1571-1650)，"The elites of the Venice could not understand why the ships that defended the Republic in the 13th century could not work in the 17th century."。

The author is amazing for the recovery skills of the details，This is to be able to master the pure maturity of historical materials、Exclusive accuracy。For example，In "Our Sea" (BC 146-150)，In order to prove the important role played by free people in port business activities，Bet365 app download A set of wax version of the financial status of the Bank of Putio's family in the ancient city of Phenobei，This set contains 127 documents with a debit，Facts of the Greek Moneiraus from Roman businessman Seville 1,000 Dinari。Through this small historical fact，The author intends to explain how Putio in southern Roman contacted the vast Mediterranean world。Another example，In "The Boundary of Christianity and Islam" (900-1050)，Quoting the Genizah literature，Discuss the fact that Jewish books and scholars accompanied by linen on the trade route。

The above explains that the core of the description is not the ocean，More non -land，Nor civilized，but people、Human historical events，It is human navigation in the Mediterranean、Historical facts surrounding the Mediterranean。From theoretical to practice to the history of event history。

　History of History Anatomy Unit

The unit of historical anatomy belongs to the main selection of historical research。Fang Fang's global history writing mode sweeps the Chinese and foreign academic circles，What is the history and regional history in the region? The inspiration about this in the book is quite a lot。

Diversification of human history development and transportation geography，Create a number of recognized civilized intersection areas，The Mediterranean in Western Eurasia、Eastern Eurasian Western Regions，It can be regarded as a typical representative with the sea as the centered and inland centers。Take bet365 Play online games the Mediterranean as a clue and field for writing，It is a clever approach of a historical anatomy unit。The book always runs through the politics、Description of the prosperity of trade dominant forces，Strictly distinguish between the History of China Sea (Economic and Social History), which is strictly descended from Bro Edor，self -containing vertical system。For example，"The rise and fall of the Empire" (1130-1260) Lien Venice's status in one sentence is linked to the previous main history: "Venice where St. Marco is now is the new Constantinople，It is also the new Alexander。"" in the "way to cross the Mediterranean" (1160-1185)，Traveler's diary of the two travelers in the Mediterranean world through the 12th century，Reappear at the time of sea routes and transportation。

The author's unique treatment of "time" is reflected in the layout of the book。On the one hand, good at using a phrase that summarizes the historical situation，On the one hand, use the transition sentence of the front and back of the chapter，Describe different forces in the same period from many places，Finally summarized the characteristics of the times of this period，The "protagonist" inspected in the book is seen in the chapter layout。It is in these seemingly natural protagonist selection and "division" description，The author's "preference" is faintly revealed。

One，The protagonists did not get rid of the restrictions of Western European centralism。The history of the incident bet365 live casino games should not be absent from 1453 Constantinople trapped this major watershed incident，However, there is almost no ink in the book。Aragon monarch A Fangso V Section signed "Lody and Treaty"，The author sees it as an agreement to ensure the peace in the future，And said that the signing of another state -owned emergency task "War against the Turkish"。Is this an emergency task of the Western Christian world or the emergency task of the history of the Mediterranean? The term here is the traditional view of the perspective of the Western Center。

Its two，In reading, we found the narrative before the Roman Empire，Mediterranean，In the long age, you can only see the isolation isolation of the sporadic islands provided by the author to the reader，They are just "on the Mediterranean"，The same Mediterranean without each other，The history of the former Rome era seemed to be together according to the later situation。More than that，After the ocean war of the Middle Ages, especially the Christian world and the Ottoman Empire，The Fifth Mediterranean Sea is in an integrated disintegration，It is rather to return to the non -integrated state of the original nature。Of course, the author's historical description and "situation" summary (rather than Broccor's cognition of "structure")，It will undoubtedly further promote the divergent thinking of readers。

(Author Unit: School of History and Culture, Shaanxi Normal University)