In recent years，Research on the History of Cold War at home and abroad continues to expand in two directions: First, continue to deepen the Cold War politics and ideology confrontation，and continuous reflection and the historical reconstruction of the history of the Cold War; the second is to explore the society that the Cold War generated at the national and transnational levels、Cultural effect，Try to build a complete three -dimensional cold war picture。"Cold War and Academic: Chinese Studies 1949-1972" (Zhang Yang，July 2019 Edition of China Social Science Press) It should be the latter。

With the help of extensive sources and unpublished archives，This book traces the development of the United States in the first half of the Cold War in the United States: Chinese Studies in the United States are both accepted by the environment，To some extent, in the Cold War National Security Demand，Also actively strive for power sharing，Provide intelligence support for the United States' policy for the United States。Experts of Chinese Studies in the United States continue to be in national security、Social Responsibility、Finding balance between academic ethics and value pursuit。Starting from the above perspective，Try to discuss four questions: the relationship between "Cold War Demand" and Chinese studies in the United States、The endogenous power and external influence of regional research represented by Chinese studies、Personal encounters and choices of Chinese scholars in the United States、The impact of Chinese school on the United States on the United States' policy on China。

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World War II changed the free and independent Bet365 app download academic tradition that the American academic community has always adhered to，A large number of scholars are devoted to the work of serving the US government，Guanzhi Relations Strengthen。and post -war，On the one hand，The United States has expanded rapidly globally，Unexpected need to have a lot of social science research，Especially regional research to provide intellectual support for government foreign policy; on the other hand，The confrontation of the two major camps in the ideological field，Competition of the "Future Road" of human beings，It also makes the United States urgently need a variety of specialized knowledge。Asian region benefits from the long -term profound impact of Chinese culture，The establishment of New China to constitutes an ideological challenge to the United States，The U.S. government needs to strengthen the understanding of China，Find a more effective policy against China。Chinese learning is involved in the vortex of the very controversial official wisdom and mutual reconciliation。

Cold War makes the relationship between politics and academics more complicated。With Sino -US relations after the war, it moves towards hostile，Chinese studies in the United States have been greatly stressed by domestic politics.。This book restores a McCarty -style "big cleaning" experienced by the Chinese academic community in the United States: Many "China Connect" encounters innocent implication，The Pacific International Society and Far East Research moved to decline。Among them,，Not only the power of American politics right wing and the so -called public "public opinion consensus"，Different divergences caused by political abnormalities within the Chinese school group，It is also the main promotion factor。but but，American Chinese studies bet365 best casino games have not fallen into stagnation and backstur，The political needs of the Cold War make the US government have to pay attention、Guide and fund the development of China。This book reveals a hidden path for post -war Chinese school development and even overseas communication，That is, the production and application of Chinese learning knowledge under the official guidance。This guidance，One is to increase the understanding of China and Asia，Make the US government ’s China policy and Asian policy based on the basis of“ knowing and knowing the other ”; the second is to use Chinese knowledge as a tool，It is applied to the Cold War operations against China from the US National Security Agency; the third is to use the characteristics of academic and education itself，Make a "contested mind" thought and cultural war。

American Chinese Studies are researching the purpose、Disciplinary development and overseas communication have been marked with the Cold War。In terms of research purpose，Chinese learning more attention to contemporary China，strengthened politics、Research in the fields of economy and the application of multidisciplinary methods，This also leads to changes in the distribution of internal disciplines in China and differentiation of subject rights。In terms of subject scale，With the support of the US government，Chinese learning has gained huge development opportunities，Many research institutions are established，The number of enrollment continues to expand，Establishment of various public and concealed research projects，Stimulated the interest of studying China，The academic team continues to expand。This development is not without price，Scholars have to combine their research interest with political needs，In a specific period，Even "Measure whether a Chinese scholars' academic Bet365 app download career is successful，It often depends on whether he gets a job provided by Washington，instead of seeing whether he has published a pioneering work "。

In terms of communication overseas，The United States official is for the purpose of strengthening China's cognition and offset China's cultural influence in Asian countries，Vigorously help the overseas communication of Chinese learning in the United States，to a large extent promoted the creation of Chinese studies in Asia。In this process，Knowledge of Chinese Studies in China、Method、The theoretical framework has also been spread.。What needs to be emphasized is，Although it is suppressed and guided by political forces，Although it is suppressed and guided by political forces，Tools completely reduced to cold fighting。

　tension and toughness: professional spirit and consultation effect

After the war in the United States China Studies and even the entire area research，Impact on the politics and policies of the United States Cold War，It is another focus on the book。End of World War II to the end of the 1950s，The role of American Chinese Studies as a Cold War Political Tools is continuously enhanced。Correspondingly，The influence of the results of Chinese academic experts and academic research on the formulation of US policy fell to a trough。Under the political environment of "Stand -up"，A large number of "China Tong" who has played for the US government was driven away from the original job，Multi -academic views cannot pass，It is not possible to effectively criticize or recommend US foreign policy。As the author said，"To a large extent, it is because traditional thoughts have occupied the upper hand for a long time after the war，The US policy of the United States is unusually stiff，Signs of rarely loosening "。In other words，In the early Cold War, the Voice of Chinese Studies in Bet365 app download the Cold War policy and propaganda required by the United States occupied the upper hand，Can't form a critical force on the rigid policy of the United States。other，Internal division of the Chinese academic community overseas at that time，In fact, from political abnormalities to academic debate，Ming Confinement and Darkness runs through the entire period of Sino -US confrontation。

Expressing over time，The return of social rationality in the United States，The influence of Chinese learning experts is increasing，Academic influence on politics has gradually recovered and recognized。This book thinks，There are roughly three reasons: First, because of the Cold War and Jienn in Asia, they are continuously frustrated，The "strategic misalignment" in the United States is gradually exposed，The high "Cold War Consensus" in China has declined，The call of reflection released the public opinion space for the adjustment of Chinese experts to adjust the proposition of China; and the rupture of the Sino -Soviet relations in the 1960s，It also provides an objective opportunity for the United States to change hostile to China。Second is the rapid growth of a new generation of Chinese issues。Compared to the Chinese scholar of the previous generation，A new generation of Chinese issues experts, despite the lack of experience in living in China，But "more familiar with the nature of US politics ... Understanding the US policy is in Congress、Pentagon Building and other institutions in Washington fully "distilled"，After a series of reactions occurred, "。Third, American Chinese experts extensively participated in the information and intelligence activities of administrative institutions during the Cold War，Help American decision makers know "the enemy of the United States"，and this Bet365 app download so -called "understanding" itself is a process of mirror，Chinese image built by Chinese learning experts，Unavoidable mixing into society、Cultural factors and even personal opinions，And this image of China in turn is reversed by the masses and policy makers，thus affecting the formulation of China policy。

The author summarizes at the end of Chapter 5，On the surface，The US policy adjustment of the United States in 1972 was the result of the closed -door decisions of a minority elite of the government，But unlock the surface，It is easy to see the diversified features of strength in the process，and from the decision -making view，Whether Kissinger or Nixon himself，Their thoughts were affected by the academic research and intellectual voices at the time。

　　Enlightenment: The correct choice of intellectuals

This book reveals the unrequited connection between Chinese studies and policies in the context of the Cold War: Political forces use various methods to guide and intervene in academic research，Scholars and scholars have a subtle influence on the adjustment of the US policy on the United States。This research helps us deepen the understanding of the complex factors behind the changes of the US policy after the war，Can further enrich our understanding of the Cold War and its radiation effect。The change of the post -war government -wisdom relations in the book，The development process of Chinese studies in the United States undoubtedly has a clear cold war brand。It is because the Cold War confrontation is not limited to simply international politics or military fields，Instead, expand to thought、Culture and social level，Academic research is therefore involved in the vortex of the Cold War confrontation。Whether it is the frustration of Chinese school encounters in the United States during the sharp confrontation period of China and the Bet365 app download United States，Still the positive actions of academic pressure group after the rational return，All are an important section of the Cold War。and the changes in the power relationship contained in the political -academic interaction relationship，The hovering and choice of intellectuals survival in the gaps in specific periods，All worthy of our continuous thinking。

　(Author Unit: Department of History at Zhejiang University)