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Reflection and reconstruction of China’s bet365 games model

May 07, 2020 00:18 Source: "bet365 games Journal" Issue 1920, May 7, 2020 Author: Zhang Yabin

　　The current development of China’s foreign trade is increasingly constrained by domestic factor costs and resource and environmental constraints、Multiple constraints caused by low-cost competition in emerging countries and technology and market blockade in developed countries。Meanwhile，“Super-large market advantage and domestic demand potential” have become important advantages for China’s economic development。How to give full play to the advantages of the ultra-large market to reshape the fundamental driving force for the transformation of bet365 games methods and build a corresponding new foreign trade system？Revolving around this major strategic theoretical issue，《Country Size、Institutional environment and bet365 games methods" (written by Yi Xianzhong，Peking University Press July 2019 edition) explains how China should and how to form a large domestic demand-driven export model，This exploration has a certain role in promoting the development of international trade disciplines，It is instructive to build a new open economic system with “big country characteristics”。

　　One，Return to the origin and essential role of foreign trade，Scientific reflection on the trade model that is divorced from local needs，It deepens our understanding of the role of bet365 games and the fundamental driving force for the transformation and upgrading of foreign trade。

　　In the past, our understanding of the transformation and upgrading of foreign trade was often limited to foreign trade itself，That is, the transformation of bet365 games methods with the connotation of improving trade conditions and upgrading the export structure。But not enough attention has been paid to fundamental issues such as "the origin and essential role of bet365 games"，To the extent that the development concept focuses on short-term output effects rather than long-term growth effects，And through different management systems for domestic and foreign trade and strengthening factor cost advantages，Promoting the "extracorporeal circulation" trade model。It is undeniable，The trade model that is divorced from domestic demand is a realistic choice in the early development stage；But in the long run，This bet365 games model not only has its own sustainability issues，And it has limited effect on sustained economic growth。

　　actually，The change in the development mode of foreign trade does not lie in the trade structure itself，The trade structure is only a reflection of the local supply structure，Local supply mainly serves domestic demand，This determines the role of local demand in the development of foreign trade and the essential role of foreign trade。From the origin of bet365 games，Local enterprises rely on domestic demand to cultivate competitiveness，Then move towards the international market under the market’s “self-selection”，This is not only the consensus of classical trade theory，It is also the general experience of enterprise internationalization。In the process of evolving from domestic trade to international trade，Domestic demand has become an important source of foreign trade advantages。From the perspective of the essential role of bet365 games，The reason why trade is known as the “engine of growth”，Not only because it can drive short-term income growth through the "export multiplier effect"。More importantly，bet365 games can improve the productivity level of the trade department itself through "export learning" and other ways，Also through the extensive linkage between the trading sector and the non-trading sector，Promote productivity improvements in non-tradable sectors through technology diffusion，And then become a “growth engine”。It is based on the origin and essential role of foreign trade，The book emphasizes，Huge local demand is the “country-specific advantage” of foreign trade transformation and upgrading，The bet365 games model that is divorced from domestic demand not only blocks the development path for local enterprises to use domestic demand to build high-level foreign trade advantages，Thus leading to a "breaking point" in foreign trade advantages，Also due to the separation of the intrinsic relationship between the export sector and the domestic industrial sector，Making it difficult for the trade sector to improve local industrial supply capabilities through technology diffusion to non-trade sectors，Thus deviating from the essential role of "growth engine" in bet365 games。

　　Part 2，Based on the internal relationship of "domestic demand-local supply-export structure"，Proposed and systematically demonstrated the mechanism and institutional conditions of the large domestic demand-driven export model，Enriches the basic theory of the transformation of major bet365 games methods。

　　Return to the origin and essential role of foreign trade，The key is to re-understand the internal relationship of "domestic demand-local supply-export structure" in the economic operation of a large country。Based on the inherent relationship between domestic demand, local supply and export structure，This book grasps the realistic footing and essential connotation of the transformation of bet365 games methods，On this basis，Provide a new analytical framework of "domestic demand - high-level competitive advantages of local enterprises - transformation and upgrading of trade structure - improvement of bet365 games performance with sustained economic growth as the core" for the transformation of major bet365 games methods。Then under this theoretical framework，Upgrade from exit、Export diversification and the multi-dimensional export competitiveness of local enterprises，Analysis of the mechanism and institutional conditions of the export model driven by large domestic demand。

　　Based on the exogenous foothold of huge local demand，Follow from sporadic facts about China to typical facts to theoretical analysis，Normal research methods leading to empirical testing，Exploring the particularity of major bet365 games from the perspective of general international laws，Its role is to trigger deeper thinking on the particularity of China’s bet365 games under the situation of profound changes in domestic and foreign demands，It has profound enlightening significance for exploring the development path of foreign trade with "characteristics of a big country"。Another important contribution of this research is，Breaking the implicit assumption of domestic institutional perfection in classical trade theory，Clarified the institutional conditions for the formation of the export model driven by large domestic demand，Confirmed that the domestic institutional environment not only directly affects trade，It also profoundly affects the interaction and connection between the international and domestic markets，Enriched the literature on institutions and trade，Also promotes the applicability of basic trade theory in developing countries。

　　Part 3，Clarify the systematic policy arrangements for returning to the export model driven by domestic demand，Provide new ideas and perspectives to solve China’s foreign bet365 games transformation dilemma and build a new open economic system with “big country characteristics”。

　　The characteristics of China’s ultra-large economic scale endogenously determine the necessity of “building a domestic supply system and an export production system based on local demand”。This move can not only give full play to the role of huge domestic demand in inducing high-level competitive advantages of local enterprises，Continue to promote the continuous improvement of local supply and export structure，Also through strong linkages with local industry through the export sector，Improving local supply capacity and structure through "export learning" and "technology diffusion"，This forms a dual dynamic mechanism for the transformation and upgrading of the economic structure，Continue to promote the transformation of economic (foreign trade) development methods。Therefore，The author emphasizes in the book，China’s new round of bet365 games strategy needs to firmly grasp the strategic basis of “super large-scale market advantage”，Follow the experience of great powers，Return to domestic demand-driven export model。

　　Based on a logically consistent analytical framework and decomposed measurement of factors forming China’s bet365 games pattern，The book clarifies the key points of the policy of returning to the large domestic demand-driven export model，Meet three institutional conditions to achieve effective connection between domestic demand, local supply and export structure: an institutional environment with strong local supply capacity for domestic demand、The institutional environment in which domestic demand leads to an improvement in the competitiveness of local enterprises、Competitive products of local enterprises can enable an international institutional environment。This series of system construction is based on the effective connection of "domestic demand-local supply-export structure"，Expands the important connotation of supply-side structural reform under opening conditions，Explains General Secretary Xi Jinping’s new approach of “coordinating both domestic and international situations” from the perspective of internal and external economic linkage development，It has important reference value for building a new open economic system with "characteristics of a major country"。

　　Anyway，This book is based on scientific reflection on the traditional bet365 games model，The system explains the particularity and formation path of the trade model of major countries，It is of great significance to building a new open economic system and exploring China’s bet365 games path with “big country characteristics”，Exploring the particularity of China’s bet365 games from the exogenous standpoint of “super large-scale market advantage”，It helps to consolidate the theoretical foundation of "Chinese characteristics" and "Chinese self-confidence"。

　　(The author is a second-level professor at Hunan University、Leading talents bet365 games national “Ten Thousand Thousand Persons Plan”)

Editor: Chang Chang

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