If there is no Torodo W. Abdono，Without this philosopher、Music theorist and sociologists，There will be no critical theory。Of course，Other people also laid the cornerstone for this important genre of the 20th century philosophy; there are also some people，In the initial years of this genre, it has been made publicly cast its knowledge image.。

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Max Hawkheimer opened the critical theoretical tradition that was later called "Frankfurt School"，He was hired as the director of the Social Research Institute in 1930，Research Institute established in 1923 in Frankfurt。When Hawkheimer has not been appointed as a new time，He is gathered by a circle composed of some like -minded scientists。They are together with a non -orthodox Marxist spirit，Study the structure and power of capitalism at that time。In this period, Hawkheimer attached special attention to the empirical direction of research plan，The actual development of the project in the form of a subject of discipline Bet365 app download to the capitalist society in Western Europe，instead of exploring the development of assumptions。

At the beginning of the research，Hawkheimer's thoughts are particularly significant: considering the changes in the historical situation，Persistence of Marxism on the potential of Marxism on the potential of the proletarian revolution at the time at that time。Corresponding to this is，Social conditions and personality of members of the proletariat members form a study of psychoanalysis，Fundamentally stipulated the image of the critical theory in the public field at that time。and Adono opposite，He is entrusted by Hawkheimer，Research on basic topics in philosophy and aesthetics in the Institute，From the beginning, it is completely in the shadow of this kind of empirical research activity。His about methodology、works of music theory and historical philosophy，Although the interests of the small circle of the representative of the Western Marxist radicals，But the first no greater impact was produced within the research institute。When the Institute of Social Research End the U.S. Exile，After returning to Frankfurt，This critical theory established by bet365 live casino games Hawkeheimer，There is no other name that can be represented by Adoto，This is already 20 years later。

After another 20 years，Abado is regarded as the intellectual leader of the theoretical school by the West Germany Student Movement，People will resist the essential impulse to resist the domestic restoration and solidification relationship in the Federal Republic，Thanks to this theoretical school。Now，Known as a critical theory or the thought of the Frankfurt School，Almost equivalent to Adono's works。Therefore，This thinker's outstanding significance for one of the most important genres in the 20th century philosophy，It is derived from the radicality of its negative method，It derived from its amazing scope of the theoretical work，It is right from its ideological gesture。

　　Capitalist rule is "overall blinding association"

Adono became a member of the Social Research Institute in 1930，Just 27 years old。This talented young man has learned music theory with the father of the twelve music music in Vienna at this time，and study philosophy in the hometown of Merrology, Frankfurt, River, Frankfurt。Among the many early works on his methodology of Bet365 app download a critical theory，It has revealed negativeist characteristics，These fundamental features that form their entire philosophy and social theory later。

After ending the pioneering study of Gionel Luccic's "History and Class Consumption"，Youth Adono thinks，The world is under the rule of the capitalist economy; only in the form of instrumental calculation of the possibility of controlling the possibility of external nature and internal nature，This economy allows human rational potential to be exerted。

The unique appearance of Aduo philosophy，It was only obtained during the exile in 1938 due to the Nazi in power.，At that time, he had stayed at Oxford University for three years to do academic research。In the United States，Adono, nearly 40 years old, began to realize，Single of rationality forced by capitalist forced，At that time, it had reached that level at that time，All the impulse and implementation of social life are damaged by it。Therefore，Abdo began to spread to the global capitalist rule，Understanding as a "overall blinding association"。where，subject、Naturally including psychological feelings，All are processed Bet365 app download according to the same model。This model attributes all fresh things to some kind of simple things that are disposable things。Abado's negativeist thought is ultimately far -reaching，so that he can recognize it as a music theorist and composer at the same time，Only in modern times、Encrypted art works，There is also a place for social pathology that is resistant to law。Alido's later works，Whether it is "Negative Dialectics", "Aesthetic Theory", "Minimum Morality"，Still many cultural critical essays，Tempeora on this kind of thinking。It is trying to fight capitalism's dissertation of our rational ability，Recall that sleeping in art、An power of a non -exquisite world relationship。With this motivation and basic thoughts，Abado has become the core character of all critical theories。Anyone who strives to continue the traditional Frankfurt School today，All must be accepted by Auduo philosophy、Delicate and visionary measures。

Because Adono's work is so unique and inseparable in the 20th century philosophy，Shanghai People's Publishing House from January to August 2020 successively published "Odino Selected bet365 best casino games Works"，To benefit the Chinese public。This brave step，Not only marks the closeness of the late Eastern and Western knowledge and culture;，It is still a clear signal，That is, whether the East or the West，Interesting interest in economic application and political demands of politics regained dominant position today，All need to think。This thinking is in the criticism of the rationality of the tool，Call the potential of real reasonable humanitarian and responsible potential。Hope this macro、The admirable Chinese publishing plan of the admirable Adoto，It is not helpful to China。

(The author is the third -generation leader of the Frankfurt School; this article is translated by the editorial board of the "Selected Works of the Adoto")

(Author Unit: School of Philosophy of Columbia University in the United States)