In recent years,A prominent phenomenon in the humanities circle is the rise in the study of classics,Academic publications related to Confucian classics、Research institution、Frequent appearances in academic seminars, etc.。"The Evolution bet365 live casino games and the Development of Confucian Theory in the Han Dynasty" (written by Liang Zonghua,Shandong People's Publishing House, May 2018 edition) adds new research in this field with a unique perspective。
The Han Dynasty did not equate bet365 live casino games with bet365 live casino games
Proposed in the book,Existing results of the Han Dynasty’s ideological and cultural culture,There is often a lack of research focusing on the interaction between Confucian classics and Confucianism,Less examination of the special significance bet365 live casino games to the development of Confucian theory in the Han Dynasty。Most studies show that Confucianism is replaced by Classics,Or "Studying the Classics by Oneself"、The state of Confucianism since “Confucianism”,Confucian classics and Confucianism present a fragmented research framework。
From the traditional academic classification of classics and history subsets,The study of the Bible belongs to the category of Classics,The independent achievements of Confucian scholars are mostly included in the sub-academic category。As far as the book is concerned,bet365 live casino games refers to the study of the Five Classics,There are specific principles for treating menstruation、Methods and purposes;Confucianism refers to the study of Confucian principles,That is, the content of Confucian philosophy。Although the conceptual distinction between bet365 live casino games and Confucianism is broad,For example, there is a theoretical form of Confucianism in bet365 live casino games,Innovations in Confucian doctrine often benefit from bet365 live casino games,But this conceptual distinction is not meaningless。The author thinks,In the concept of Han Dynasty people,Not equating Confucianism with Confucianism。"Hanshu Yiwenzhi" has "Six Art Briefs",Also listed "Confucianism" as the first in "Zhuzilue";The Zhouyi, which was regarded as the source of the Six Classics in the Han Dynasty, is not exclusive to Confucianism。
The author also proposed from the dynamic perspective of the historical development of the Han Dynasty,Dong Zhongshu reconstructs Confucianism with the help of Gongyang Studies,Promoted the prosperity bet365 live casino games,The Yuancheng period when Confucian classics flourished in the Western Han Dynasty,But there are few creations of Confucian theory。At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Jinwen Classics was in crisis,Yang Xiong advocates a return to Confucianism and Mencius,Achievements in the creation of Confucianism。It can be seen from this,The previous general theory that "the two Han dynasties are regarded as the Confucian Confucian development era" is not conclusive。Doubt the old in order to create the new。The author clarifies the difference between Confucianism and Classics,It is to reveal the relationship between the creation of Confucian theory in the two Han Dynasties and the evolution bet365 live casino games,Highlight the significance of classics resources in the development of Confucian theory in the Han Dynasty,Thus observing the innovative development of modern Confucianism。
The bet365 live casino games taught in the early Han Dynasty came from Qilu Confucians
The book analyzes the development of Confucianism in the Han Dynasty,It is not the norm to talk about Confucianism based on the history of Confucianism,Instead, we value the deep interaction between the evolution bet365 live casino games in the Han Dynasty and the creation of Confucian theory。Mr. Dong Zhian divided the development bet365 live casino games in the Han Dynasty into four stages: First, more than 60 years in the early Han Dynasty,Generally the sutras are coming back、The period when Confucian classics began to be rebuilt;The second is the period from Emperor Wu to Emperor Cheng of the Western Han Dynasty,Confucianism is the only one, but the Classics is now at its peak,And the emperor directly intervened in the study bet365 live casino games;The third period is from Emperor Ai of the Western Han Dynasty to Emperor Zhang of the Eastern Han Dynasty,Outstanding performance is economic differentiation and the present、Ancient Contrast of Classics;The fourth is after Emperor He of the Han Dynasty,The ancient classics have developed rapidly,Today、Integration of ancient texts and classics。Based on this view,The book is carefully and uniquely analyzed,For example, examining the regional cultural characteristics bet365 live casino games in the Han Dynasty,Pointed out that the system of teaching Confucian classics in the early Han Dynasty almost all came from Qilu Confucians,Dong Zhongshu Gongyang School has a profound background in Qi School。
The outstanding features of the book are,Explore the internal relationship between the stages of the evolution bet365 live casino games in the two Han Dynasties and the development of Confucian theory。The author will summarize it in four points。One,Inspected the comeback bet365 live casino games in the early Han Dynasty、The development of Confucian theory during the reconstruction bet365 live casino games。After Qin Huo,The reappearance and teaching of classics works in the early Han Dynasty,The academic background that constitutes the development of Confucianism。The author thinks,Lu Jia, who made contributions to Confucianism in the early Han Dynasty、Jia Yi is well versed in classics。Lu Jia "talked about "Poems" and "Books" in front of Emperor Gaozu from time to time,His "Xinyu" frequently quotes or uses "Gu Liang", "The Analects of Confucius", "The Classic of Filial Piety", etc.。Lu Jia’s thoughts are based on benevolence and righteousness,Supplemented by inaction treatment,His ideological arguments based on benevolence and righteousness often rely on the authority bet365 live casino games,For example, it is said that "Spring and Autumn" belittles benevolence and righteousness,"Poetry" relies on benevolence and righteousness to survive" ""Book" uses benevolence to describe the nine tribes" ""Li" uses benevolence to complete the festival"。Jia Yi is famous in the county for his ability to recite "Poems" and "Books",Later became a doctor during the reign of Emperor Hanwen;Also studied "Zuo Zhuan" under Zhang Cang,Zhang Cang studied under Xunzi。Jia Yi digested and absorbed Xunzi’s etiquette thoughts,Strongly advocates the etiquette concept of "ritual-based"。Lu Jia and Jia Yi have no specific exegetical works,Their Confucian theories benefit from their respective training in Confucian classics,Has a profound background in Confucian classics。
Second,Revealing the interactive relationship between Dong Zhongshu’s New Confucianism construction and Jinwen Classics。The book believes that,The prosperity of Jinwen Classics in the Han Dynasty,Promoted the construction of the New Confucian ideological system;The strong appearance of Dong Zhongshu’s Confucian system,Influenced the officialization bet365 live casino games、Politicization。Dong Zhongshu is famous for his transmission of Gongyang Chunqiu,His "Chun Qiu Fan Lu" presents a unique form of exposition,Gongyang Studies provided a classics carrier for the construction of Dong Zhongshu’s Confucian theory。Pointed out in the book,Dong Zhongshu’s philosophy on “Heaven”,Not so much "theological teleology",Rather, it is "teleology of benevolence"。The interactive influence of Confucianism and Confucianism at this stage,The author focuses on the analysis of the dispute between virtuous literature and officials and officials in the Salt and Iron Conference,To present the true state of the influence of Confucianism on the political society of the Han Dynasty in the context bet365 live casino games in the post-Wudi era。
Third,Based on the background bet365 live casino games and its abuses,Discusses the significance of Yang Xiong to the development of Confucianism。The book emphasizes,Yang Xiong affirms that the "Five Classics" is inclusive of all opinions、Yunyuandao,Criticize the scribes for their red tape and lack of description,Return to the original spirit of pre-Qin Confucianism with the two classic works of "Tai Xuan" and "Fa Yan"。In thought,Yang Xiong discussed Yao with the "right way"、Shun、Yu、Soup、文、武、Zhongni saints,The forerunner of elaborating on Confucianism。He regards Mencius as no different from Confucius,Duan Xunzi is slightly different,Inadvertently played a leading role in the promotion of Mencius and Xun by later generations of scholars。Yang Xiong Comprehensive Meng、Xun said human nature is a mixture of good and evil,Expounding the Confucian theory of benevolence and righteousness,Defining the way of teachers with "human example",Absorb Laozi’s meaning of “morality”,Construct a philosophical system with "mysterious" as the highest category,Promoted the transformation and development of Confucianism,At the same time, it has the significance of the times to criticize the shortcomings bet365 live casino games in the late Western Han Dynasty。
Fourth,Using typical figures as cases to examine the tendency of merging Confucianism and Taoism in the late Eastern Han Dynasty。Proposed in the book,Zheng Xuan Annotated Qun Sutra,Words about integrating hundreds of families into one family,Promoted the late Han Dynasty and today、Integration of ancient scriptures,At the same time, it is of great significance for the complementarity of Confucianism and Taoism。Beyond Zheng Xuan,The book also examines the academic practices of some bet365 live casino games scholars who also incorporate Taoist ideas,For example, Zhu Mu, who has learned the Five Classics, admires Laozi,Writing "On Chonghou Lun" after feeling the vulgarity of the current customs,Invoking Laozi’s words, it is called “Lao’s Sutra”。While Wang Fu emphasized that knowledge should be based on the "Holy Code" and "Sacred Heart",Absorb Taoist thought,Promote the dualism of Tao and Qi。From this,The whole book focuses on Confucians and presents the trend of thought integrating Confucianism and Taoism in the late Han Dynasty。
Confucian innovation requires facing up to the tradition bet365 live casino games
In terms of the general background of Eastern Confucianism,The interactive relationship between Confucianism and Confucianism in the Han Dynasty actually affects more than just Chinese Confucianism,It also exists in the development history of Korean Confucianism and Japanese Confucianism。Localization of Korean Confucianism and Japanese Confucian theory、The process of nationalization,It is also mainly completed with classic interpretation as the carrier,And its national characteristics and classics、This interactive relationship in Confucianism is closely related。Therefore,In terms of research on the entire Confucian cultural circle,It is also of practical value and significance to clarify the relationship between the evolution bet365 live casino games in the Han Dynasty and the development of Confucian theory。History,Confucianism has risen from Qilu regional culture to mainstream Chinese culture,It also expanded from Chinese Confucianism to East Asian Confucianism,There is endless kinetic energy in it。The book emphasizes the practical value and significance of studying the interaction between the evolution bet365 live casino games in the Han Dynasty and the development of Confucian theory。The subtle purpose is to analyze the interactive relationship between Confucianism and Confucianism,Highlight the importance of classics resources in Confucian theoretical innovation,And thus provide a mirror for the era that calls for Confucian innovation。
As shown in the book,The creation of Confucian theory in the Han Dynasty had a complex background of changes in Confucian classics。Lu Jia’s benevolence studies in the early Han Dynasty、Jia Yi’s etiquette has a profound foundation in Confucian classics。The new form of Confucianism created by Dong Zhongshu contains a strong background of Gongyang Studies。Yang Xiong drew on classics resources during the Han Dynasty,Imitate "The Book of Changes" to make "Tai Xuan",Imitate "The Analects" as "Dharma",Injecting innovative factors into Confucianism。After Han Confucianism,Confucian scholars in the Song and Ming dynasties paid attention to the cultural origin bet365 live casino games,There are many "disciples who come and go",The academic experience of seeking instead the Six Classics。For Confucian innovation,Confucian classics are an indispensable academic resource。The innovative development of modern Confucianism must face up to the tradition bet365 live casino games,This is an inevitable requirement for modern Confucian research not to forget its origins。
Returning to Classics is the general trend of the innovative development of modern Confucianism,It is a return to the roots of the modern transformation of Confucianism。Returning to the tradition of classics is not simply a continuation of the ancient exegesis model,We will never reject the essence of Western culture,But uphold the concept of "not forgetting the original",Facing the era of globalization,Constantly innovative bet365 live casino games theory,And then provide unique bet365 live casino games wisdom for the modern world where multiple cultures coexist.。
(Author’s affiliation: Department of bet365 live casino games, Sun Yat-sen University)
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