"The Emperor and the Scholars Govern the World" is a key to understanding the history of the Song Dynasty today，Scholars' research is also a topic that the history of the Song Dynasty is keen to discuss，Scholars try to understand the survival of the Song Dynasty from all aspects。American scholar Cong Ellen Zhang (Transformative Journeys: Travel and Culture in Song China ("Wanli Road: Travel and Culture in the Song Dynasty") In 2011, published by the University of Hawaii Press，The Chinese version was launched by Zhejiang University Press in 2015。The book uses the Song Dynasty elite travel as the core topic，Logistics assistance around travel、Process、Rites，and the social and cultural activities of the elite during the journey。The author thinks，The official selection official of the Song Dynasty changed the way for the scholars to obtain power，They have to migrate in various places，On the way to travel, he is given by the government with a political identity，and local officials、Local elite to communicate，Actively participate in local social cultural activities，Change local local identity and local memory。

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The book can be divided into three parts according to the author's thinking。The first part includes one to 4 chapters，It is believed that the developed transportation system in the Song Dynasty guaranteed that the scholars were studying、The pursuit of 仕，Scholars not only get the actual experience outside the book during the journey，It also inspected the customs of local customs，bet365 Play online games In the process of establishing identity and professional identity: Doctors perform administrative procedures and etiquette，Get the official seal，officially shows that their identity and obedience to the regime; the material help provided by the government for officials，Cultivated a sense of identity of the scholaring doctor。

Part 2 includes five、six or two chapters，It mainly analyzes the ritual activity of sending other、Local officials' reception and financial issues of travel scholars。Sending a farewell is an important social method of the Song Dynasty scholarly doctor。Farewell ceremony mainly includes banquets、Literary singing and others，Drink and talk freely at the banquet、Gift poems，Even a collection of printing。Spending a lot of time on the sending officials，It may make local officials negative to government affairs，Buy materials interfered with local markets，Destroy the official atmosphere。

The third part includes seven、Eighth Chapter，It mainly discusses the tour and sightseeing activities on the journey of the scholars。Doctors of the Song Dynasty pay attention to the humanistic connotation and cultural tradition of pursuing the famous victory，The author described as "Journey to Cultural Pilgrimage"。At the same time，The Song people attach more importance to the moral cultivation function of travel。Travel has also triggered a strong geographical knowledge interest in the Southern Song Dynasty，Local chronology pays more attention to recording local historical celebrities (including national and non -home)，Highlight local characteristics。The author believes that through remembering historical figures and their deeds，Local history has become an important shaped by the overall memory of the country。

　　Unification: Social and cultural integration

Studies on the academic circles of the Song Dynasty have already accumulated more。In this book，Travel from the background to the center position，The author takes travel as the entry point，In fact, I am concerned about the scholar -doctoral class，Try to explain the integration of Chinese social culture。For Western scholars，Veterans of China、Complex nation，Why can we maintain unification for a long time，Especially after comparing with the history of the long -term division of Europe，The uniqueness of Chinese history is prominent，Unification has become the core question that European and American scholars care about。The author made the following explanations based on his own research: After the successful imperial examination of the scholars in the Song Dynasty, the system was forced to travel around for a long time，Their travel is both the result of the system design，Accept government funding on the journey，Established its own identity and authority。Official travel means penetration of power to local，At the same time，Traveling elite on the local official、Local elite interaction，Social relations can be expanded。Local official、Local elites are actively attracting local names for their respective purposes、Relics to protect，The three jointly realized the shape and inheritance of local culture，Local culture is finally integrated into the national cultural territory，This process is roughly "social and cultural integration"。The author proposes，Following this idea can answer why it is severe、The Song Dynasty with the prosperity of the local forces can still maintain it for so long，After that, there is no major split situation in China after China。

The author will have Bet365 app download an institutional history、Combination of cultural history，Use cases to conduct micro research。This is seven、Eighth chapter performance is particularly prominent。Chapter 7 Focus on the case of the Sanyou Cave of Gorge，Chapter 8, revolves around the protection of Su Shi's ruins in Huangzhou。Use Gorge、Case of Huangzhou，It is intended to explain how the economy is on the edge of the edge of why wins culturally。After the 1980s，Regional historical research methods are gradually prevalent in Chinese history research，Western Song History scholar Han Mingshi、Hansen、Bao Yande、Bervry and others are good at regional research，The author of the book is in the Western academic community，Naturally affected by this trend。

The handling of historical materials is also a highlight of the book。Today's history is increasingly emphasizing the analysis and criticism of historical materials，In the introduction, the author clearly pointed out that there is time in the history of the Song Dynasty travel、Different space distribution。To overcome the limitations of historical materials，The author is quite troublesome，If you are in the beginning to depict the impact of travel on the life of the Song Dynasty,，List Fan Chengda、Zou Ding's example explains。Although one of the two is a famous minister in the Southern Song Dynasty，A silent，But the author uses this difference to illustrate the extensive impact of travel on scholars in the Song Dynasty，Avoid focusing on individual people。Another example，The author puts forward when analyzing the poems of the Song Dynasty，Like the epitaph，Author who gives farewell poems will also praise travelers' morality and talent，Criticism with criticism must be examined。Discovery when analyzing the transportation bet365 best casino games adopted by officials in the Song Dynasty，Horse、Donkey becomes an image of different moods in travel literature，"Tired Traveling" and "Wanli" and other words are universal words describing the elite to describe travel。How to deal with this frequent image、Word，Often is the key to interpret historical materials，Can't just repeat、Non -meaning。

　Academic and Aisu: The view of thought needs to be deepened

There are some things that need to be improved。The author's research object is the Song Dynasty elite travel，What is the special of the literati travel in the Song Dynasty? Leave name、Anti -forgetting is the common ideal of cultural elites in different times，The Song of the Song people emphasized by the author does not seem to have a special significance compared to the previous generation，The cultural significance of the Song people traveling should be placed in a broader cultural tradition for inspection。The author does not give a clear explanation or distinction to the "elite"，What exactly is the "elite"? The author believes that the Song Dynasty had a emerging elite class -Doctor of Shi，These people are called "scholars" or "Gentlemen or Scholars)，It seems that the author is equivalent to the scholar with the scholar。The author also explained that he replaced the use of "Literati Elite" in the book、"Literati"、"Elite Travelers"、"Education"、"Social and Cultural Elite、"Polictical Elite" and other words，Whether these words are equivalent to "Doctor"，It should be analyzed。

It also appears to be confused when discussing local elite。The author agrees that the elite "localization" tendency that appears in the Southern Song Dynasty，Horizontal flow as a distinction of travel elites、Standards for Local Elite。If the author's observation is bet365 Play online games correct，So what is the connection between this group and the "localization" of the Southern Song Dynasty? The author did not follow this idea to respond。other，The book also needs to be deepened in historical materials。The author has quoted a record of Luo Dajing's "He Lin Yulu"，Scholars in the Song Dynasty emphasized the use of travel to broaden their vision、Growth's understanding of the real world、Strengthen personal moral cultivation。But the author did not notice this historical material at the same time mentioning the anecdotes of Zhu Ximu's "Huayi Map"。According to Zhao Jiren's oral，Zhu Xi likes landscape，I tried to make "Huayi Picture" with wood，and try to show the convex potential of landscape，Carry out with you。In the ideological atmosphere of "Yi Xia Zhi" in the Song Dynasty，Doctors visit the landscape and try to record the behavior of the picture，May still have deeper meaning。Academic and Aisu is the most important sides of the life of scholars in the Song Dynasty，Traveling is a topic that can be discussed by the two，But the observation of the ideological level in the book is obviously insufficient。

The author discussed that the Song Dynasty literati travelers actively participated in the protection of the relics of the victory quoted two historical materials，These two historical materials show the sense of protection of cultural relics。The figure of the martial arts (army) appeared in both places，and the same as the destructive person。If you think of the tense cultural and military relations in the Song Dynasty，Can it speculate that there are actually writers behind this record.，In their view，What is the responsibility "，The cultural value of the martial arts does not realize the relics，bet365 live casino games The responsibilities of the protection of Mingdian can only be by Wang Mingqing、Anxinchen is assumed。This speculation requires more historical support support，The author just shows that the book's interpretation of historical materials still has room for further expansion and improvement。

　(Author Unit: Department of History at Sun Yat -sen University)