British historian Thompson once said proudly，"No country in the world can declare more powerful than the British charity tradition"，This has a long history and strong social influence of British charity activities。Why can British charity activities have such influence and continuous? "Research on the History of British Charity Activity Development" (Zhou Zhenzhen，Renmin University of China Press, June 2020) Sorting out the historical trajectory of the development of British charity activities，Help readers grasp their overall summary from a macro perspective。

This book divides the development of British charity activities into four stages: the feudal era of the 17th century、The free capitalist stage of the 18th century、State monopoly capitalist stage in the first half of the 20th century and the welfare country period after the middle of the 20th century，Driven the inherent mechanism of British charity activities。

Read the full book，I bet365 best casino games think，If a word is used to summarize the overall characteristics of British charity activities，"utilitarianism" may not only describe its external shape，can also indicate its inner soul。

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The utilitarianism of British Charity is first reflected in liberation from religious thoughts。Bacon Reconstructs the connotation of the word Charity (Bo Ai)。He not only believes that charity is beneficial to human society，and further combine it with science，It is proposed to improve and dominate knowledge in charity，From this successful combining charity and secular social development。This combination is both an innovation reflected in the method of charity activities，If the development of organizationalization，It is also reflected in the continuous expansion of its social foundation。During the formation of the British feudal level，Nobles exercise their social functions through charity activities，Simultaneously show your own quality，Promote your own values。After the Industrial Revolution，England also has a powerful middle class，The middle class is in the process bet365 best casino games of "looking up"，Also regard charity as your own responsibility，and give it a self -service as the core value to it，"With the help of reasonable and standardized working methods，Try to deal with social problems through organizational organizations "。This sense of public responsibility also makes the lower levels of British society actively participate in charity，Use its mutual assistant to use it in it。Each group strives to give charitable values ​​to charity，So that charity becomes a good behavior that contains the values ​​of all strata in British society。The book's discussion of the concept of charity at different development stages，Reflects the changes in the value concept of charity activities in different periods。This is an important inherent mechanism for the enduring of British charity activities。

Economic foundation based on industrial society，is the fundamental of British charity and utilitarian characteristics。Traditional Parents Mixed Parents in the British Parents Mixed Form，With industrialization、Urbanization development，Gradually eliminated by the isolated area of ​​the bet365 Play online games rich and poor areas，Instead of the rapid development of a variety of charity organizations。As mentioned in the book, Tong Yibi Pavilion innovatively attracts college graduates to live in the East District of London，To set an example for the poor; "Preventing the Children's Association in the UK" through cooperation with the police，Provide children with a good judicial environment。These charity organizations actively encourage self -service，and start to adapt to the current trend when collectivism is increasingly occupying the upper hand，Accept and even actively promote government intervention。Charity has become an effective way to eliminate the tumor of a business society unknowingly。The United Kingdom is exactly the modern world that emphasizes free competition，greatly developed the concept and practice of charity，Make it complement each other with the development of industrialization in the UK。As Adam Smith said: "The use of kindness will turn a simple business society into a more happy social order"，This is the inner motivation of charitable activities in different social forms。

　　Do a good interaction with the government

The core of the characteristics of British charity and utilitarianism is interaction with the government and politics。As early as the feudal era，The United Kingdom not only promulgated the "Achigo Law" that was regarded as "charity"，and the "England Charity Use Regulations" was introduced to encourage and standardize the development of charity。Before the 20th century，Charity Organization assumes most of the responsibility of social assistance，The government also provides certain policy support or fund assistance for it，But the two parties have not formed an effective or long -lasting cooperation mechanism。During the establishment of a welfare country in the 20th century，Britain has gradually formed a government -guided charity development model，"Charity Organization has transformed from social rescue leaders to government service assistants"，It has formed a relatively complete cooperation mechanism with the government。

Charity is not only a social activity of the public，and the changes in economic development and social environment are closely related。British bet365 best casino games charity knows this kind of contact，Therefore, its utilitarian colors are deeply embedded，and rose to the moral level。Hobbes once explained: "We can only measure the moral morals measured with natural laws, only Charity。"Hobbes regards charity as a supreme moral，The basic principles that everyone should abide and respect。utilitarianism enables British charity to make adjustments in a timely manner，But the question is whether this helps the long -term development of charity? I have mentioned in the book of this question，But in -depth analysis has not yet been conducted，Looking forward to seeing the author's further research results。

(Author Unit: School of History and Culture, Linyi University)