Freedom problem is the core question of modern philosophy。It can even be said,Different free doctrine guides different philosophical systems and survival methods。When the freedom and life world issues are placed in the same ideological vision for inspection,We can recognize this more precisely。
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By analyzing the step -by -step questioning of freedom issues by analyzing modern political philosophy,and Kant's freedom concept,We recognize,The concept of freedom given by modern philosophy is just an abstract formal freedom。In it,It seems that in addition to the general free identity and private property,People and people、A relative between people and the world of life。This form is just living in your own empty identity,and the relationship between the coldness of the cold ice with others,instead of living in the world。A person's actual survival cannot tolerate this abstract existence form。On the contrary,He just expands his freedom or possibility in time,Therefore, in the past、In the current and future planning,Open the reality of yourself and others with its freedom,and keep a possibility of a possibility beyond the existence of reality Bet365 app download in this reality.。Also because of this,People are free existence living in the world。Since it is open to the world in freedom,We call this life world a common ethical world。
But further analysis,We will find,Create a reality、Universal freedom ethics world, although it is the deserved meaning of human freedom,But it exceeded people's ability。On the one hand,Construction of a free ethical world,A common action that needs to be free and common,Otherwise, it will be a "jungle society" that hurts each other。But the question is,Since everyone is free,Expand in the possibility,Even if people can choose behavior according to universal sex,But how to ensure that others do this? even,Even if everyone selects behaviors based on universal sex,How to ensure that these behaviors must be united into one that can protect individual freedom,Can the ethical community that guarantees common happiness? therefore,From the perspective of Kant,The concept of a moral absolute person is necessary to exist。On the other hand,From the individual point of view,The perfectness of the self -virtue of free individuals and happiness that matches it,Nothing can be included by time freedom -this is so normal,So we sometimes feel that the matching of Defu is almost impossible to achieve。
This will cause a serious question,The practicality of the freedom of the bet365 best casino games person,or the realization of freedom depends on the absolute person,Then people's freedom is not complete freedom,Our freedom is the lack of root。Can we re -think of people's freedom in the absolute person? Or can you re -think about human freedom in other ways of existence (such as "fear" and "anxiety")?,If this is possible,That is, we can ask for freedom in our own survival,So freedom is no longer abstract and universal formality。On the contrary,It is a freedom with a specific survival situation,or is a kind of situation freedom。Is it possible to have a situation of situation? This is the core question of "Freedom and Situation -From Performance Analysis to Survival Analysis。
Freedom through emotional analysis
From the perspective of the development of modern philosophy and modern society,This problem is so important,As a result, if you lack in -depth thinking and solution,Modern society is facing the division between the goodness of individual morality and the best life of the common life -thinkers call this "nihilism" predicament。but,This question is very difficult to answer,The basic task of Kant's Enlightenment Philosophy is to remove faith,But now you need,This becomes extremely difficult。The pursuit of this problem is an urgent requirement in the face of modern difficulties,This kind of questioning intention provides a way bet365 live casino games out for modern difficulties。
These questions and answers to the right,The key to our reading and understanding the book。The first and second chapters of the book can be considered as the history of ideological history of these problems,This tracking method gives us a set of perspectives to review modern or modern society。Chapter III and Chapter IV directly cut into the answer to the question。Chapter 3 Gives an analysis framework for how to establish a relationship with the absolute person,This is the emotional analysis defined by the author; of which,"Angest" is the most important analysis object。Traditionally,Give the concept of freedom,Most of them are tracking through concepts or concepts,or analyze the will of will,It is difficult to imagine that you can give the concept of freedom through an analysis of emotions。This is of great significance to the inspiration of Chinese philosophy,It will provide a warning,Let's deeply understand and reflect on the emotion such as "respect" and "sincerity" that Chinese thinkers have always valued。In Chinese tradition,These emotions can make people establish a relationship with "heaven" or "destiny",But all aspects of them lack a coherent analysis,and more is understanding or experience meaning。It can be seen from this point,The analysis of the Qike -type presented by the author has an inherent bet365 live casino games affinity with the traditional Chinese tradition,This is the attention of Chinese scholars。
Love is the key to constructing a community
If the analysis of emotions such as "anxiety",Freedom that allows people to enter the unlimited possibility of life,or it makes people reach in their own emotions; then,Analysis of the emotion of "love" gives a set of constructive ethical life world that is deconstructed from time to time。We have mentioned,The rational philosophy gives the rational structure of the lifeless world,Therefore, there is a break in the common world of individual and common life,Analysis of "Love" with Qike -type "love",In the real world of real life,Putting people and people、The life of a person and the community is revealed together。This reminds us,Even in modern society,Love is still the key to construct a common ethical world,Otherwise, it will face people and people,or people and nature、Fracture between people and the world,No matter which one,Nothing can be said that the modern world can complete its own construction。
Also because of this analysis of "love",Everyone's survival situation is "brought"。Love,It can only be love for specific people in specific situations,3438_3450,With the source of the source,The specific situation relationship between people and people breaks through abstract rights relationship,Then enter the common situation bet365 Play online games of each other in love。From here,Freedom obtained a new understanding and understanding dimension。That is, freedom is no longer an abstract relationship between people with empty people,Instead, in the realistic survival situation, it is given to the behavior in a living world.。This kind of understanding of freedom and love,Breaking through the worldless theory of freedom in the era of rational philosophy、No situation,Let the survival regain the tension of the self and the world of life and communicate with each other。
This survival situation displayed in this book is very similar to traditional Confucian。In various emotional associations,Talents can break their own adherence,Break the various closed ideology given by traditional value,so that people can face destiny in emotion (respect),In the emotion (sincerity), face each other,Therefore, we can show each other that is different from the established norm.。Special return,If traditional Chinese classic text can get deeper logic analysis,Is it possible to be a civilized resource that overcomes the conditions of modern society? For this,The study of this book provides an opportunity for us to look at the issues of the Western world,Perhaps it can also provide us with a source of reference for us to examine our own text。
(Author Unit: School of Philosophy and Social Development of Shandong University)
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