The Chinese territory of the Tang Dynasty is the intermediate link of the formation and development history of Chinese unified multi -ethnic countries。"Qin Yufeng religion: the political order of the Tang Dynasty" (Wang Yikang，Social Science Literature Press March 2020) From the perspective of legal and political science，Show the Tang Dynasty China、The historical picture of the Chinese and the Chinese territory。This book is included in the "Academic Library of China History Research Institute"，It reflects under the perspective of Chinese historical research，Study academic demands of history China and its territory。

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How to define "China"? History Geography、National History、Different disciplines such as history，The same subject is inevitable。For the Tang Dynasty,，Is it called the Tang Dynasty China or the Tang Dynasty China，There are different naming logic behind it，For example，"Tang Dynasty China" is greater than "Tang Dynasty China"，is a hidden premise。From Tan Qizhen's "Figure Compilation Example of the Tang Dynasty" in the Tang Dynasty，"territory" and "layout" are used in the academic community as the same use。"Full Map of the Tang Dynasty" includes the Layostence of the Political District of the Tang Dynasty and the regimes of all ethnic groups in the Tang Dynasty.，and "Full Picture of the People's Republic of China" is a level concept，This means that the Tang Dynasty China and the Tang Dynasty are different。Tang Dynasty China is a political entity，Tang bet365 Play online games Dynasty China is not a political entity，but the current retrospective of the current territory of China。This is the reason for this，It is because Tan Qizhen's geographical considerations based on historical geography，For the Lord of the Chinese History Territory "Naturally formed" the theory of the Qing Dynasty before the Opium War。

Although Tan Qizheng adheres to this basic set of territory，But when drawing "Chinese History Atlas" Tang territory，I still adopted the four -to -painting method of the Tang Dynasty in the Tang Dynasty.。He insists on the record of the new and old Tangshu "Geography" on the scope of Shizhou，Show the territory of the Tang Dynasty China。For the above differences，The author picks the history of the Song people "Taiping Huanyu Ji" that Tang Kaiyuan、Tianbao Shengshi so -called "all counties and counties，Qin Yufeng religion "，As the word of the title of the title。

Knowing the Tang Dynasty China，Its academic hard core is to grasp the definition of Tang law's three legal terms of "Hua internal", "Hua Fan Fan" and "Hua Foreign"。Specifically，Tang Gaozong Yonghui passed the law of the Tang Dynasty，"All with national laws，Disciplinary criminal name "。The form of a monarch and ministers that only have the relationship between the tributary of the Chaotong is not in the inside，and so on.，Tubo under the relationship between the nephew，Under the relationship between mother and child in Wu Zetian and awarded a big single in、The Turks of Khan's title，Tang Xuanzong Tianbao to reduce the monarch、Brother、Family ministers under the relationship between father and son return 鹘，and even the country that is not sealed，All are exterior。This Bet365 app download time defines the administrative boundary of the Tang Dynasty as a political border。

　　Seven Elements of the Governance of China in the Tang Dynasty

Different from the four -cricket and four -way rules of the internal and external internal and external，is the tribute (to be deserted)、Books (feudal)、Harmony、Mutual Municipal Policy Mixed Practice of the Governance of the Frontier，Chinese rule of the Tang Dynasty has formed a relatively complete seven elements。

The first is to deal with foreign affairs (diplomatic rights)。Wu Zetian Changan in the first year (701) stipulate，Apart from Hua Hua，State and the Governor's Governor's House must "play"，Shows the right to exclusive the central government to the right。For outsiders to come to the DPRK，Master and Guest Division of Shangshu Province is responsible for the review of the immigration，and awarded Bianzhou to issue "Border"，Number of reviewers。In the late Tang Dynasty, Pinglu Jiejie made the power of Silla，Also this form。The second is to send official rights。Settlement of the border、Destiny、Fengjue、Achievement。縻 縻 and Fanzhou，Except the Governor of the Governor of the Fan Guanbian、Stab History、County command，Also placed in the Han official、Employee。The ethnic minorities charged the history of his family Fanzhou thorns，There are many where you are，All are flowing official。Third is the right to tax。Can't pay for taxation or not to belong to，Tang Dynasty distinction was forced to surrender and resettlement、Active returns to the righteousness，Tax -free 2 years、3 years、Not waiting for 10 years。Diverse forms of tax payment，Among them, taxation is Bet365 app download unified with the Governor's Mansion in the form of collective taxes，It is also similar to the Tax Bank of the Tax Bank in the Qing Dynasty.。Fourth is the issuance of military service (the right to recruit military)。Ending West、Persian East，Taking the King of the Governor，The subordinate department is the state and county，Fanzhou Folding Mansion。Dunhuang literature has records from the Persian Dudu House。Five is judicial power。Turpan unearthed literature display，For the case of the secret people of the West Turkistan, the case of driving and wounding people，Applicable "Tang Law" to protect the clause。Six is ​​the right to monitor。For Bianzhou Dudu Mansion、Disposal of Duhufu、Supervision，or the monitoring of Yu Shitai、Emperor's unsuccessful supervision，can bypass them。Seven is religious management right。Fanzhou Temple，"Know the Buddha but don't know the ring，The dignity of the Tower Temple to show it "。Mr. Fang Guoyu believes that there is a Buddhist temple in the Tang Dynasty in Yunnan，I did not notice the discrimination of the Buddhist temple of the Sui Dynasty in the Sui Dynasty。

　　Construction of ancient Chinese territory theory

The academic significance and practical significance of the research lies in，First，Help us in Qin and Han、Sui Tang、In the stage of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, I know what is "Chinese"。Qin is the first unified multi -ethnic country in History China，This is the ancient nation -state，Its core nation is the "Xiaren" defined by Qin Law (including the "Xia Zi" born of the Qin people and the mother of Qin, the father of the state.。The academic community is generally considered，Qin is the sound of China。The fifth volume of the "Datang bet365 Play online games Western Regions" said to Xuanzang King: "，The country of the former king; the Tang Dynasty，The name of my king's kingdom。"Xuan Zang regards" CINA "as the national number，Datang as the nation (Chao)，The distinction between the two is clear。"Tang Liu Dian" stipulates "Childborn in the End inner Inner Inner Internal，is the same people，You must not be a Fanhu "，Consistent with Qin Lu's "Xia Zi" regulations。The "Gu Ji" quoted by "People" here is called "Huaxia People"，It can be seen that "Huaxia people" is actually the "Chinese" in the sense of international law，instead of the narrow "Han people"。

The difference between Chinese and foreign，The change of ancient and modern times that helps to understand the boundaries of science、The difference between Chinese and foreign。Each dynasty in ancient Chinese territory exists in layout and greatly shrinks，But this is not to say that the ancient territory of China has no clear range and boundary，When the dynasty territory naturally extends and encounters a strong tribe or regime，Both parties also form boundaries。If the Western Han Dynasty and the Huns are in hostile relationship，The two sides are generally used to form a confrontation with the Great Wall as the boundary。Foreign scholar Gadenus denies the boundaries of the Great Wall，It is believed，This is too absolute。During the transformation process of modern China，Although there is a problem of loss of land，But the final formation of the ethnic state borders，still formed on the basis of the ancient territory of 1840。The boundary between the ancient Chinese boundary and the modern nation -state has internal contact。

Certificate of this book，bet365 Play online games Tang Dynasty and Siyi are a hierarchical structure，instead of a single structure，This changes in understanding the boundaries of ancient China、China and foreign countries have positive significance。The author thinks，Tang Division Prefecture、Fanzhou (縻 縻) and rule。From the specific literature involved，I think，or further subdivision，Divide the latter into two types。As far as the Tang Dynasty is concerned，In Turpan、The Tang Dynasty officials discovered by Dunhuang、Division of the Ministry of Criminal Affairs has appeared in the state、Fanzhou (Xiaozhou)、Usage of Jiejiebangbangbang，Relatively late "Old Tang Book · Geography"，In particular, "New Tang Book · Geography" puts the latter two "names"，Still is the current general history cognition。In fact, the so -called "party state ... I don't know its belonging" instructions，It seems to suggest that "the party of the party" is Fanzhou (according to Tan Qizhen's "Photo Editor in the Tang Dynasty"，Move from the border area，One of the possibilities of one of the possibilities of one of the possibilities of the overseas Chinese and Zhengzhou Zhengzhou Zhengzhou Borders。

Last，helps to promote the construction of the ancient territory theory。Unified multi -ethnic countries are not only the basic national conditions of contemporary Chinese，It is also the basic national conditions of history in history。It should be presented in the sequence of different frontier ethnic groups entering the Chinese nation family。At this point，From the discourse of "China", "County" to modern "Sinicization" and "Provincialization" discourse，is an important clue。Only the ancient bet365 best casino games and present，The original historical context and prerequisites of returning to ancient discourse，Perform categories of different categories、Outline of the Study of the Outline，Effectively clarify the scope of the affiliated territory of the Chinese territory and its degree of jurisdiction，can we consolidate the historical basis of the theoretical construction of China's territory。

　(Author Unit: China Institute of History Research Institute China Institute)