"The usual mind: How did steel have not been made?" 》 ([Mei] Graig Lukinsov、Jonathan Mete) is a best -selling foreign book launched by life · Reading · Xinzhi Sanlian Bookstore。The topic is the "good deeds" in the United States higher education，Create the dilemma of spiritual governance of the "failure generation"。The author thinks，This dilemma is a concentrated reflection of the decline of American society。

Pointing in the book，There are three logical fallacy in the American education community: fragile people set fallacy (damage will only make people more vulnerable)、Emotional reasoning errors (always believe in intuition) and "we vs them" fallacy (good and evil two points/two yuan opposition)。In the author's opinion，These three logical fallacies have spawned a new "fragile student mode"，That is, American college students no longer accept good -faith psychological exercise，Instead, it is required to protect yourself，Stay away from remarks that make them uncomfortable。"This psychological model is a‘ self -protection with hatred ’。"" But，The origin of these logical fallacy is social，Not all is the fault of the children。The author emphasizes in the first "The Wrong Concept"，The rise of the fragile person's fragile person is accompanied bet365 Play online games by the "concept penetration" of the 21st century securityism in the "concept infiltration" in the field of emotion，and the popularity of co -rivals in the American society (using the psychology of co -enemy psychology)，It is a social soil for students to form good and evil binary concepts。Under the influence of this deformity cognition，It is marked with the "Miro Raice" of the University of California, Berkeley on February 1, 2017，The American campus protest movement began to resort to violence。

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How can the campus of American universities fall into a governance chaos? The author believes that there are six major reasons。First，The spread of American politics polarization towards college campuses，It is mainly reflected in the two pole differentiation of political parties。This kind of political differences and hostility do not only happen outside the campus，but gradually spread to the university campus。

2，The psychological problems of American youth are becoming more and more prominent。The author attributes it to the negative impact of the Internet。Statistics data show，American Internet generation ("post -95") spend too much time on smartphones and social media，The more investment time，The more prominent the psychological problem，and presenting obvious gender differences: Girls are generally more sensitive，It is also more fragile。The psychological problems of adolescents American bet365 Play online games teenagers are becoming universal and serious，Affected the excessive protectionism of parents and even the entire society。

third，U.S. parents' excessive anxiety about children's education。In the author's opinion，The education method of American parents is almost hysteria: they want to fully protect their children，The imagination of the risk is regarded as the reality risk，Detaled the child's large number of free games and adventure time，As a result, children lack their due challenges and adversity tests，Not conducive to the shape of the mental health and toughness of young people。

Fourth，The lack of free time for children in the United States。In the author's opinion，The reason for the decline of free playing is social。The increasingly fierce enrollment competition of top famous schools、The school's excessive neglect of the physical fitness and social skills of children、Factors of smartphones and social media，jointly subverted the previous physical experience and social experience of children in the United States，Disrupting its neurological process。They may be after entering the university campus，More bad communication，At the same time, lack of ability to solve the common conflict of daily life。

Fifth，Expansion of the scale and responsibilities of administrative personnel in the United States。In recent years，The growth rate of the number of administrators in the United States has far bet365 live casino games exceeded the professor，The role of the professor group in the administrative management of university，The author calls the company's corporate phenomenon。Excessive protection of students for students，The trust inside the campus community will be eroded，Anestically rely on students' moral dependence on administrative organizations，Objectively weakening the ability of students to solve conflict independently。

Sixth，American college students blindly pursue justice of equality。In the author's opinion，The view of justice that people generally recognize mainly include allocating justice and procedure justice。The author advocates the struggle of university campus to fight for social justice.，That is, the principle of allocation of justice and procedure justice，Flows to eliminate obstacles to equal opportunities，Make sure that each individual is treated with dignity。Correspondingly，The author opposes the social justice of blind pursuit of equality，Sacrifice the individual's allocation justice and procedure justice for the sake of equality between the group。

To sum up，The cause of chaos in campus governance of American universities is profoundly affected by social or social factors，Explain the increasingly serious social contradiction in the United States，The governance ecology of the university campus is constantly corroded at the moment。

　　Protect students' free exploration rights

How to rebuild the university's spiritual order，The bet365 live casino games author thinks，This requires the cooperation of the whole society to make major changes。First, enhance children's ability to grow independently and anti -fragile; second, teach children to be vigilant for emotional reasoning，Use cognitive behavior therapy and mindfulness management of their own emotions; the third is to guide young people to treat others、Keep humility、Return to human nature; the fourth is to help schools，Fighting fallacy，For example, control the family homework of low grade elementary school students、Give children more rest time and less supervision、Professor children's debate skills、Promote rational discussion and debate, etc.; Fifth is to limit and optimize the time of children's use of electronic equipment，and defend the child's sleep; sixth is that the decision makers establish a new specification，Require students to work or serve for one year before college。

In the author's opinion，American universities urgently need to make the following changes。First, let the free exploration of free exploration becomes the character of the physical physical strength of the university。Specific speaking，Must guarantee academic freedom，Develop letting the anger、My habit of not chaotic。Second, the best student based on the selection of the university mission。Specific speaking，Students with stronger living ability，Middle schools that pay attention to intelligent virtues on the student source。bet365 Play online games Third is to guide and educate students to conduct constructive debate。Fourth is to establish a common identity at the school level。Specific speaking，Forging Campus Spirit of mutual trust and mutual concession、Protect the personal safety inside the campus、Holding cross -party group building activities，Promoting the implementation of constructive dialogue。

The author has keenly observed the new changes that have occurred in American society to solve this problem。For example，Facebook and Twitter and other online companies hire social psychologists to explore and adjust the algorithm of their social media，Take measures to reduce network harassment。More and more parents are trying to try to let their children play outdoors freely，New bills in Utah and other places have also begun to give children the right to go out alone。More and more scholars have begun to call on reflection of identity politics，Guide people to cross the differences，Return to common human nature。At the same time，Driven by the University of Chicago，Many universities begin to protect students' free exploration rights。

　　(This article was won by central universities to build a world -class university (discipline) and special development guidance for special development、Funding for the Joint Training Graduate Scholarship Project of Renmin University of China)

(Author Unit: School of Public Management of Renmin University of China)