"The beginning of globalization" (The Year 1000: When Explorers Connected The World and Globalization Began) Chinese translation was published by readers in September this year。The author of the book Han Sen is both a professor at Yale University，I am a famous Sinologist，She wrote a number of academic works around ancient China，It has a influence in the academic world。The theme involved in this book far beyond the category of ancient China -in this book，The author depicts a world full of global characteristics，A era of globalization in the Americas far from Columbus。Through archeological information、historical legends and text records，The author uses a broad research field，A described narrative of the combination and interaction between the world's various regions in the world in 1000 AD。From cold Northern Europe to hot Africa，From the mysterious Maya to the prosperous Oriental，The interpretation of the book has already indicated，bet365 Play online games Although there are hundreds of years of the New World in the new continent in 1000 AD，But the existing or dense network or subtle silk thread，The whole world is integrated into one。

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Whenever you talk about globalization，Most people will think of the navigation of Columbus，But，See Columbus to the Americas as the beginning of globalization，In fact, it is the west -centered point of view。As shown in the title of the book，The book provides different answers to the opening time of globalization。In the Heroes of the Vikings，The heroes driving towards the sea have entered the west of Greenland around 1000 AD，Even conflict with indigenous residents in North America。Although the authenticity of the heroes is often questioned，But the author uses archeological evidence to convince the credible part of it。but but，Who arrives in the Americas earlier，Not the focus of the book's discussion，Discuss globalization in the morning and evening when it arrives in the Americas，Actually still falls in the western center，The special thing about the book is，Successfully discussed globalization bet365 live casino games from a global perspective。

The significance of the Viking people west is not in "discovering" the Americas，and in connecting the trade network that exists on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean。In the explanation of the book，The American civilization that often lives in the "discovered" status，It has already established a broad and complex commodity technology exchange network。connecting exists，instead of the arrival of Columbus。similar to it，It seems that the closed Africa continent also has a complex trading route: ivory、Gold and slaves are constantly being transported to Europe and Asia。And those well -known business travel areas，From Europe to Asia，Although religious differences and political conflicts occur from time to time，But the land trade line across Eurasia、The maritime trade line of dense ocean always contacted all areas，Even the integration of some areas was realized early。

1000 AD，All parts of the world are setting contact with the surroundings，The huge business network continues to develop，Everyone is the subject of globalization，All consciously or unconsciously promote globalization，Bet365 lotto review Enjoy the results brought by globalization。The silk thread connected to each other has been held，The development trend of globalization is finally difficult to stop。

　　The most globalized Song Dynasty China

For Chinese readers，The most interesting is naturally the role of China in this period of this period。China in 1000 AD is under the rule of the Song Dynasty，In the public cognition，The Song Dynasty was a dynasty with a bad force but extremely prosperous。Readers can easily associate，Chinese China must deeply participate in the unveiling of globalization。but but，The views in the book are unexpected by many people，The author directly positions China as "the most global place in the world"。

China in China in 1000 AD has the world's most extensive foreign trade，The Chinese crossed half of the earth，To the Middle East、Africa、India and other places exports unique、High -quality ceramics and various finished products，At the same time, get spices from these places、Rare consumer goods such as ivory。The prosperous marine trade allows port cities such as Quanzhou to have an international color early，It also allowed the Song Dynasty to establish bet365 live casino games a complex and clever tax system。Inland hinterland、Inland hinterland，Daiguan nobleman、Delivery of traffickers，The people of all areas of China and various strata in the Song Dynasty have received global dye。The connection between China and the world is so close，So that the author of the book thinks，The preparation phase of the Chinese does not experience globalization，They originally lived in a globalized world。

Open and communication is eternal theme

Lead the world's navigation technology、Premier manufacturing、Strong demand for prosperous economy，and the government that is facing overseas trade，A variety of factors have created the most global Song Dynasty in the author's pen。but but，For Chinese readers who have the historical memory of the western gates of the West，Even if you know that the Song Dynasty China is the protagonist of globalization，But as Zheng He's large -scale sailing，In addition to encouraging，It also makes people feel involuntarily -we used to be so close，even on the historical road of "correct"，But why is it still missing the theme of the times?

Although the globalization world described by the bet365 Play online games author's 1000 AD is refreshing，But it is undeniable that，Early globalization traits around the world，I did not quickly change the world，Born a modern globalization we know。This also makes the conclusion of the book slightly subjective。In addition，The book focuses on the description of the phenomenon，instead of answering questions that some readers may care about。In the book，The author mentioned the historical trade conflict、Cultural differences, etc. Now we still face globalization problems，But it does not provide a specific answer to the problem solving。Perhaps in the world journey of 1000 AD，Each reader can find your own answer，No matter what the answer is，No matter how many problems exist，Open and communication is always the eternal theme of human society。

　(Author Unit: Department of History at Sun Yat -sen University)