Ming and Qing Jiangnan takes the Yangtze River Delta Taihu Basin as the center，and Jiang、River、Lake、Hai Lian is one in one，Establishing southern Anhui、Southern、Zhejiang Water Network System。Wanjiang Mano、more water and rivers、Wu Boyang Yang，Forms a cycle system that links with each other，Jiangnan regional socioeconomic and cultural and culture all promoted because of this。Since the reform and opening up，Historical research since the Ming and Qing Dynasties of the academic community，Focusing on Jiangnan Town and Early Industrialization Projects，Few attention to the development of rural development in Jiangnan。Study Jiangnan Village，First of all, we must study the problem of natural ecology and disaster prevention。Because Jiangnan is a natural disaster frequency area，The historical process of the development of rural production and life in Jiangnan，Always accompanied by the hardships of disaster resistance and disaster prevention。Especially the rising and declining rural rural Jiangnan，The rich content of the prevention and ecological protection of disaster prevention and ecological protection。

Zhuang Huafeng "Research on Natural Disaster and Rural Social Social Research in the Yangtze River in the Yangtze River during bet365 best casino games the Ming and Qing Dynasties"，Taking Jiangnan country as the central axis，Based on a large amount of information and statistical charts，The perspective of the study of the relationship between natural disasters and rural social interaction during the Ming and Qing Dynasties is keen，Core with the linkage between natural disasters and rural society，Discuss the spread of disasters at the level of rural society in Jiangnan、Evolution law and its characteristics，Mechanism of the government and the people responding to disasters、Features and results，and the changes of the disaster and rural social linkage mechanism。Where，Disaster、The linked and integrated discussion of the rise and fall of the countryside and the rural areas is research focus，It is also the biggest feature of the whole book。

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Jiangnan's rural social form and economic structure changes will inevitably form a specific regional characteristics，This feature is closely related to natural disasters and its influence。

This book Chapter 1 Summary，Water disaster in bet365 live casino games the lower reaches of the Yangtze River during the Ming and Qing Dynasties、Drought、insect locust、Tide、Hail、Snow Disaster、Earthquake、The total number of natural disasters such as plague and other natural disasters is 5964 times，Ming Dynasty 2822 times、Qing Dynasty 3142 times，Average 10.96 times a year。Where，The number of floods and droughts is the most、The most affected time、The highest degree of affected，bet365 Play online games It is manifested as relatively concentrated distribution in the area。Chapter 2 Study the laws and characteristics of frequent natural disasters，Point out the relative concentration of the disaster distribution of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River during the Ming and Qing Dynasties，Not only does the different types of natural disasters in the basin occur at the same time or cross in different periods of time in a certain area，It also presented repeatedly in a certain area，thus cause huge damage to the vast number of rural society。This study shows that various natural disasters in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the Ming Dynasty are mainly concentrated in Yingtianfu、Suzhou Prefecture、Yangzhou Mansion、Changzhou Prefecture、Huzhou Mansion、Songjiang Mansion、Jiaxing Mansion、Zhenjiangfu、Anqing Prefecture and Chizhou Mansion，A total of various natural disasters occurred in these ten governments 1886 times，accounting for 66.83%of the total natural disasters in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the Ming Dynasty。All kinds of natural disasters in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the Qing Dynasty are mainly concentrated in Songjiang Prefecture、Huzhou Mansion、Yangzhou Mansion、Jiangning Mansion、Anqingfu、Changzhou Prefecture、Luzhou Mansion、Jiaxing Mansion、Chizhoufu，A total of 1772 natural disasters occurred in this ten government，56.40%of the total natural disasters in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the Yangtze River in the Qing Dynasty。The reason for it，Mainly because of various disaster causes of various disasters in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River existing symbiotic and associability of each other。

　　The interaction between the government relief and the self -reliance

The ideas of governments and people in Jiangnan in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the people should deal with natural disasters、System、Policies and measures，It is worth combing carefully、Summary and reference。Research on the role of the government and the people in anti -disaster resistance and disaster relief through the book，Aware that in response to natural disasters，It should be established with national and government -led、Folk Self -rescue and relief as a supplementary disaster response mechanism。The author details the two generations of the Qing Dynasty.，Improve the evolutionary process of exemption during the Ming and Qing Dynasties，Different versions of local information，Draw the various disaster measures in the Ming and Qing Dynasties Hangzhou House into charts for summary statistics and analysis，outlines the historical context of the water conservancy construction and the construction of the sea pond。

Disaster records in historical documents Although there are certain subjectivity and tendencies，but politics in a specific background、The historical reflection of the economy and disaster cognition。Appendix "New Year's Division of the Yangtze River in the Ming and Qing Dynasties (Zhili Prefecture) Epidemic Faculty", "The Ming and Qing Dynasties Yangtze River Martyrs and Gentleman's Personal Donation、Basic Situation of Disaster ", etc.，Fully shows the differences bet365 live casino games between the two generations of civilians in the Ming and Qing dynasties.。For a long time，Jiangnan Labor People are regional development and Jianghe governance，Always insist on fighting against nature，Disaster Prevention and Disaster，Retreat from water into people to people enter the water and retreat，Profitable to avoid harm、Xingli removes harm，Promoting social and economic development，Created a splendid historical culture。Long -term control of natural disaster struggles，Stimulated people to transform nature's cleverness and wisdom，Given the new spirit and strength of the people of Jiangnan。

　　Correction between disasters and rural rise and fall

When the bottom line of the peasant's survival is broken，Social instability factors continue to ferment，The trend of grabbing rice prevails、Anti -grain and taxation generally occurred、Local bandits rampant、The victims become chaotic、Constant disputes in water conservancy litigation。Disputes of Disaster frequency increase or decrease and regional social and political economic changes.，Natural disasters are not simply caused by natural factors，Also gather with the population、Economic Development、Close related to social factors such as heavy convergence。

The population of Jiangnan in the Ming and Qing dynasties suddenly increased，greatly exceeds the bearing capacity of the natural environment，In addition, the area is located in the seasonal climate area，Jiang Kuoshui bet365 best casino games Deep，Affected by the seasonal climate and upper and middle reaches，It is easy to "enter the disorderly state"，Directly trigger population changes、Social conflicts and rural order collapse and other crisis。Although various types of coexistence formed during the Ming and Qing Dynasties、The government -led disaster relief mechanism，But the effectiveness of the government's disaster relief often fails，The reason is decision errors、Corruption，As a result, after the incident of natural disasters, disasters followed，Caused the disasters and disasters and there is no place to disaster。Add unreasonable development，Especially for the siege lake、Cutting and cutting off the ecology caused irreversible damage，Soil and soil loss also directly leads to frequent disasters of water and drought，Form a vicious cycle，Ben revealed the regional population development -resource tension -blind development -environmental deterioration -frequent historical evolution process。From this description: Natural disasters are restricting and affecting the development of rural economic development、Social Stability、Important factor for the quality of life of villagers; at the same time，Political corruption penetrates into the desertic administration of the local government，So，To establish a relatively complete down -to -top supervision and restriction mechanism。

　(Author Unit: Suzhou University Social College)