"There is a golden house in the book"，Jinyu Liang's words that inspire people to study hard; another saying- "Hundreds of useful is a scholar"，It is also widely circulated。The phenomenon of respecting knowledge and contempt and wisdom seems to exist at the same time。American historian、Professor Richard Hoff Stert at Columbia University in "Anti -Intelligence in American Life" (March 2021 Edition of Translation of Life)，Detailed inspection of the origin of this phenomenon。

The contradictions of "Gold House" and "Nothing"，Behind it is people's different views on intelligence and intelligence。Intelligence is the superiority of the soul，Intelligence is criticism、The side of creativity and contemplation。"Intelligence tries to master、Control、Reorganization、Adjustment; while intelligence is inspection、Consider、Curiosity、Investigation、Criticism and imagination。"Intelligence is mainly a skill，Intelligence is mainly an attitude。Anti -wideline values ​​practical、Technology and experience;，Pursuing "Pure Love in Luan Wisdom"。As Schiller said in "Aesthetic Education Book Simplified"，"When the game is only game，Talent is completely human "，That is to say, beyond Bet365 app download the requirements of practicalism，People can have leisure time，Only think about those metaphysics。These things that intellectuals attach the most attention，But the place that values ​​the society is incompatible，"The reason why society values ​​him，It is because he can be used in various purposes，From entertainment to design weapons, etc.。

Anti -Intelligence is not against intelligence，Instead of opposing wisdom。Intelligence is the thinking and re -creation of the world，It is also the pursuit of spiritual and meaningful world。Anti -intellectualism is "the" resentment and doubt "that people who are considered to be this kind of life";。From the perspective of anti -intellectuals，Intelligence is some kind of cumbersome、Chicken ribs or warts that are not grounded。

As far as the United States is concerned，Compared with intellectuals，Standard family and "big old" are even more praised，For example, the inventor Aidsheng, who was regarded as a model and a legendary。Obama's campaign president，Wife Michelle Obama once said to voters，Obama never organizes the bed and has bad breath。Establishing this kind of "rough person" is to fight against the opponent's ridicule of Obama's "literati" image。Always，Specialties in sports and military are all bonus points for the president of the United States.，and the background of the Ivy League and "ivory Tower flavor" are reduced points。

bet365 best casino games This writing was when McCarthyism prevailed in the middle of the 20th century，After half a century, it still has a strong vitality。Author study found，Anti -intellectualism is not a phased phenomenon in a certain period，It has a deep -rooted tradition in the United States。

Political struggle。The founding of the United States is intellectuals，However, most of the time of American political history，"Intellectuals are all outsiders、servant or scapegoat "。Although they are generally connected in their knowledge，It also has a deep revolutionary friendship，However, "None of these can prevent them from playing with politics regardless of body"。The third president of the United States Jefferson's encounter is the most representative，Some people say that there is a problem with his life style，Some people say he wants to be a dictator，Some people say that knowledge makes him an atheist ... since then，The gap between politics and intelligence, the more difficult it is to meet。John Quincy Adams, who was elected president in 1825，Only one session was defeated by Jackson, who was born by the soldier，Become the last in the 19th century in the United States, the President of the United States，and the only one in the 20th century, Johnson Kennedy, who can combine intelligence and politics in the 20th century，Disordinate to death in less than one session。

Experts rise。Jackson, who is called "rough bet365 live casino games character and mediocrity" by Tocqueville，"The government's responsibility is simple enough to perform almost anyone can execute"。and start with President of Edor Roosevelt，People start to realize that the government's functions are becoming increasingly complicated，The needs of experts are becoming increasingly urgent。But，The rise of experts has encouraged anti -wisdom。The difference between experts and intellectuals is: Experts "rely on concepts as a living，instead of living for the concept "。In other words，Knowledge is just a tool for experts to make a living。Americans think，The status of scholars is based on the technology they control，Therefore, the advice of natural scientists is useful，The wisdom of social scientists is meaningless。

Struggle Culture。As early as the beginning of the founding of the United States，There are a lot of sound claims，American education needs to take a practical route。Compared to "Know-WHY)，Americans are more concerned about "Know-How"。The emphasis on practical skills in the society coincides with the cultural pus of the American business society。Businessmen and people think，Learning in hard work is more important than learning in class。Europeans have a tradition of reflection on modernization and industrialization，And Americans "standing on practical、Innovation、Invention、Money and comfort is the side "。

After the prevalence Bet365 lotto review of anti -intellectualism，Will intellectual collapse or disappear? The answer may seem pessimistic。But the author still has hope，"As long as people's wishes，A key impact on the balance of history，Then I must believe it，The situation will not be like this "。The reason why this book can become a new classic masterpiece，It is precisely because of the spiritual spirit reflected in the book，Combining concerns with society with the attitude of reflection。This book itself is a symbol of immortality。

"I don’t think，Anti -Zhi do not exist elsewhere。Although I think in the United States，This is an abnormal sharp question，But I believe，It also exists in most society and exists in most society。"Fan Zhongyan's famous saying more than a thousand years ago-" Highness in the temple is worried about its people，Far from rivers and lakes, worry about its monarch。It is also worried，Retreat and worry "，It also reflects the common difficulties faced by Chinese and foreign intellectuals in ancient and modern Chinese and foreign。

2021，5 domestic publishing houses launched the translation in the book (the main based on the translation of He Bo Super translation of Linlin Publishing House in this article)。The book is included in the well -known publisher Liu Suli, a well -known publisher on the 2021 list of Halloween Book Garden, reminded us to think，"Is there only only Americans who Bet365 app download have a problem with the soul"，"Our era，What is ‘wisdom’ and what is ‘anti -wisdom’ ”? In my opinion，The reason why intellectual intellectual has a common value for all mankind，Because animals can also have a certain degree of intelligence，But only human beings can have wisdom。Intelligence itself may not be a advantage，But if there is no it，Other advantages of human beings may go in the opposite direction，For example, the animal nature on the person broke out without controlling。

The founder of the Princeton High Research Institute、Educator Frexner wrote in "The use of useless knowledge": Most of them are finally proven to be a real great discovery that is beneficial to humans，All originated from such a class of scientists -they are not driven by the desire to be pursued by practical，Meeting your curiosity is their only desire。More importantly，Even if the discovery of these intellectuals is really useless，As long as people's soul is liberated, it is enough to get affirmation，No matter whether they "have made the so -called" useful 'contribution to human knowledge "。

Last，Questions to the beginning，Is there a golden house in the book? Is the scholar useless?，"Intelligence is neither practice，It is not out of practice，but beyond practice "。In other words，Don't ask what is the use of wisdom，Intelligence itself is the purpose。

(Author Unit: Zhejiang University Urban College bet365 live casino games Urban Brain Research Institute)