Fang Jun's book "San Yee of Thought -Exploration of Historical Materialism" (April Edition, April 2022, Social Science Literature Press)，Leading academic research with the major problem of historical concept，Highlight his consistent academic concept，That is to drive basic theoretical research with realistic problems，Deepen Reality Research with Basic theory Research。This is an important pointer for the author to engage in philosophical research，Also the most impressive point for me。

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Research philosophy, Kant's philosophy cannot go around.

Kant's philosophy opened a revolution in the history of modern philosophy，Modern philosophy has moved to modern philosophy by Kant philosophy，And modern philosophy is exactly the help of it，Maintaining contact with modern philosophy and even ancient philosophy。The question is，What is the true meaning of the Kant's Philosophy Revolution? Traditional concept thinks，Kant philosophy is the completion of modern Western philosophy themes from ontology to epistemology.。The author pointed out in the book，Kant's criticism of theoretical rationality is the theory of epistemology，Extreme respect for ethics，The emphasis on "knowing" on the way of ethics cannot be used，All shows that he has opened the theme of modern philosophy from epistemology to historical views。

Kant's morality、Freedom、Historical rational and even critical investigation of citizens of the world，History view is part of his entire philosophy，or even its main efforts。Kant is the originator of this change from the theme of concept of history to history in modern philosophy，Grand recognition theory in philosophical research tends to cover the essential trend of the philosophical change opened by Kant。The important contribution of Hegel is to use dialectics as the principles of historical promotion and creative principles，Make dialectics obtain unprecedented historical sense。Hegel is distinguished from the laws of nature and the "law of law" as the laws of historical laws，I think the historical laws、Historical inevitability is different from the laws of nature，It is that it contains "should"，Contains value factor，This makes it difficult for people to grasp their own history as objective as natural understanding。If Kant opened the transformation of modern philosophy themes from conceptual theory to historical concept，Hegel has raised the historical outlook to an unprecedented height，He uses a historical bet365 live casino games outlook to take all his philosophy and form a huge system。

Hegel philosophy is a "huge abortion"，Because his historical view is ultimately the general historical philosophy of super history。Marx's transformation of Hegel's dialectics，The first is to criticize the mysterious form of its idealism，Second is to criticize Hegel's "World Historical Personal" super history，and the nature of the anti -dialectics (metaphysics and incompleteness) caused by this。Lenin once profoundly revealed the real theme of the Marx's philosophy revolution, namely the change of historical concept: when Marx and Engels founded the historical view of materialism，"What you pay special attention to is the upper layer of the cultivation of materialist philosophy，That is to say，What they pay special attention to is not materialist epistemology，but the historical view of materialism "。It can be said，The modern philosophy theme opened by Kant from the transformation from epistemology to historical concept，Only because of the establishment of Marx's historical view, it really was expressed in the form of completion.，This is a revolutionary change that really has the historical significance of the world in philosophy。Due to this change，Idealism can I go from its final refuge -in the field of history，Apply by modern philosophy、The historical view of reversal and abstract treatment has really obtained the scientific form，And because of its unparalleled openness, it has left to develop it for future generations、Enrich its vast space。

　　Thorough analysis of the relationship between values ​​and historical views

How to understand historical inevitability is one of the core issues of ancient and modern historical philosophy thinking，Concentrated and scientifically solving this problem is the important contribution of Marxist philosophy to the history of human thought。But，The historical inevitable concept of the historical view of materialism has been solved in contemporary contemporary、Non -difficult and challenges。For example，Some people think，Historical materialism only talks about decisive theory and ignores people's ability，Therefore, it must be supplemented by selecting theory。If you accept this view，It means to find the basis of value selection from historic inevitability。Therefore，The focus of solving the relationship between historical decision theory and historical selection theory is，Historical inevitability contains value factors? This is a major theoretical problem that has troubled people for a long time。

The author explicitly pointed out in the article "Practice · Historical inevitability and value"，The relationship between the view of history and values ​​does not study，Value orientation of the historical view of Marxism bet365 best casino games without studying Marxism，Do not raise the theory of value to the height of the historical view，Not only will it lead to a simplified understanding of the historical view of materialism，and will cause the ideal history of idealism to re -root the field of value theory。

The author thinks，Use selection theory to supplement decision theory，From the root cause of recognition, it comes from a major misunderstanding，That is, according to the tradition of western scientificism，Perseverance of historical inevitability as something that is no different from nature。To solve this theoretical problem，It is necessary to break through the narrow perspective of scientificism and naturalism to understand social laws，Clarify the essential characteristics of historical inevitability than natural inevitable，Display the internal association of the relationship between history and inevitability and value。Nature inevitability is a kind of free inevitable，Historical inevitability is formed in human social practice activities、The inevitability of dominance in the process of human activity。Although this inevitability can not be pre -made or canceled at will，But it cannot leave people's activities in isolation。Consider social laws as pre -formed、What can exist independently outside the scope of people，It is tantamount to people's activities that can get rid of the constraints of historical inevitability.。

The author thinks，Historical inevitability is a historical connection between people's activities for generations，It is the essential connection between the activities of real conditions and their results，Is the purpose of the activity、means and results、Internal connection between direct consequences and indirect consequences。The main body of practice is thought、Conscious，The choice and decision of the subject plays an indispensable role in these three connections。Therefore，People's value evaluation and value selection actually constitute the inevitable link in the historical development causal chain。

The so -called historical inevitability，Inner place contains the inevitability of people's choice，Value factors are things that inside historical inevitability。Hegel said，Everyone who is reality is reasonable。"Reasonable" here，The first is the principle of the general scale of the objective world，The second is the principle of the inner scale of the person、The principle of value scale。​​Historical inevitability as the development process of reality，It is the process of continuous resolution of these two scale contradictions。Based on this，The author further reveals the relationship between the inevitability of history and the development bet365 Play online games of the person itself。The author thinks，The development of a person itself is the most essential connotation of historical necessity，It is reflected in the inevitability of the survival and development of the society and the inevitability reflected in the trend of social progress，All can be attributed to the inevitability of human development。From the perspective of the general trend of human development，Humanitarian factors (that is, the affirmative factor for the person itself) is the inherent in the inevitable of history，The internal connection of value relationship with historical inevitability is also here，Value is the manifestation of humanitarian factors inherent in the inevitability of history。We do not need to find the basis of value selection in addition to historical inevitability，Historical inevitability itself has objective value orientation。

In short，The historical view and reasonable values ​​of science are internal unity，Only in -depth grasping the connotation of historical inevitability，there will be the correct value basis;，can we fully understand historical necessity，can we grasp the historical view of materialism in depth。

　　Methods of Material History View Methods for the whole book

Lenin emphasizes pointed out，Marx and Engels in almost half a century，Developed historical materialism，A basic faction in philosophy forward，Do not just repeat those questions that have been solved，Instead, the view of materialism has been thoroughly implemented in the field of social sciences。This book is the author's special research collection of historical materialism，Methodism of Material History Method Theory Performs the whole book，Concentrated in the following aspects:

First, the principle of practicing the methodology of the materialist view of materialism.

Social life is essentially practical，Social practice is the most essential provision of human and their society，Leaving Social Practice，It will not reveal the special nature of society，I can’t understand all social life。Why Ferbaha is re -caught in idealism in the field of social history? Because he did not determine practice as a prerequisite for human survival and historical development。As Marx pointed out，A intuitive materialism，The activity of the object is not regarded as a perceptual person、Understand as a practice。Marx will criticize the theoretical criticism of practice，Everything that causes theory to cause mysteriousism，4835_4861。Ferbaha has never seen people who exist in reality，but staying in abstract "people"。So，Marx said，History is beyond his vision，with him，Materialism and history are completely separated from each other。

Practice is the ideological weapon of the historical view of the historical bet365 live casino games materialism against concepts and history。Concept History Views abstract personality，Explain history with the so -called "nationality"，Use passionate moral criticism to replace scientific investigations on historical development。Scientific personality、Human theory of human nature adheres to practice，Personality、Humanity issues are included in the historical view of materialism for inspection，I believe that individuals cannot have a certain personality and personality，Only through its own historical activities to realize self -transformation，Only to achieve personal socialization and personalization，and continue to obtain the development of their own personality and human nature through a certain social relationship。Marxist is concerned about what is historically shown in different social forms，Personality and human nature are always specific history，Abstract personality and human nature are not available。The core problem of the scientific historical concept is the economy、The relationship between social development and the development of the person itself，Persist in practicing on the basis of practice Historical progress and personal activities、The development of people is linked，Examine the historical changes of personality and human nature under each specific social conditions，Is the most important methodological revelation given by the historical view of materialism。

Second, the principle of organic unity of truth and value.

Practice is not only the process of the regularity of the object of the species standard，and it is the process of the synthesis of people according to their own inner scale processing objects。People’s practical activities are constantly generating and solving facts and value、The contradiction between "yes" and "should" to promote the development process of society and people。Ignore two -scale thoughts of Marx，It is an important reason for the simplified understanding of the historical view of materialism。Is the historical view of materialism as the attack of some Western scholars，Is it "not talking about ethics" and "ignoring the role of morality"? From a formal perspective，Marx has indeed critically criticized the attempt to abstract morality to abuse historical development。The question is not to recognize morality、Ethics in social progress，and cannot be morally、Ethical Abstract understanding。From Marx's view，Leaving all kinds of specific morals、Social and historical conditions that ethics depends and plays a role，It is impossible to truly reveal the essence and role of morality，Because "Any social form of property has its own" morals' "compatible with it，and the form of social property form that makes property bet365 Play online games become the attribute of labor，Never create personal 'moral restriction'，will be liberated by personal 'moral' from class bondage "。Organic unity based on the view of truth and values ​​based on practical views，Not only an important methodological principle of scientific historical view，and it is an important methodological principle of the scientific ethics view。The author thinks，​​The contradiction movement of the relationship between the regularity and the purpose of human practice activities，Not only the real basis that produces and solve the contradiction between the "real world" and "responding world"，And the realistic basis that causes the diversity and unity of humans to grasp the world。Different solutions to the relationship between the regularity of the regularity and the purpose determine the methods of human grasping the world (science、Art、Morality, etc.) Different characteristics。If you start from the perspective of practice，Full、Performance of the history of materialism，We can consciously grasp the scientific history view and epistemology、Logic、Ethics、Organic connections of aesthetics in Marxist theoretical system，and broaden every study from this organic connection。

third，Dialectics and historical views、The organic unity principle of values。

The author not only discusses the essential contact of the scientific historical outlook and values，provides a solid theoretical basis for the values ​​of science，Discuss the internal connection of dialectics and values，revealed that dialectics is criticized、The essential attributes of the revolution。Marx's historical outlook is the material of material、Dialectical，The materialism of historical materialism is also the dialectics of history。One aspect，Material History Perspective Connect "Dialectics of Reasonable Forms"，On the other hand，Dialectics is also a profound historical perspective on the development of human society。Marx's dialectics is supported by a heavy historical sense and reasonable values，It is the organic unity of scientific historical view and reasonable values。Marx's dialectical law will be more limited to epistemology and pure logic understanding，Dialectics as the principles and creative principles of history，Make dialectics obtain unprecedented historical sense。Dialectics has objective value orientation，It is the fate of socialism、Historical activities of human liberation are closely linked。Dialectics that truly reflect the laws and trends of historical development，The power and development trend of a certain value。Practical activities are historic activities of creating value，People's value choices constitute an inevitable link in historical causality，Dialectic rules reveal the dialectical nature bet365 best casino games of the historical development trend。The author thinks，The historical development of a researcher and the world value relationship is an important way to obtain a reasonable form of dialectics。Value relationship is a dialectical relationship with negativeness as the medium。One aspect，Value relationship is the relationship between people，Is a positive relationship between reality，That is, the development relationship of the person as a person in the real world; on the other hand,，This affirmative relationship with people is negative in a certain historical period、The form of alienation shows。From the perspective of the general historical trend，It is more manifested as a negative abandonment。Dialectic Law's affirmative understanding of existing things also contains the negative understanding of existing things，That is the understanding of the inevitable demise of the existing things。Dialectics is in its reasonable form，It has caused anger of the bourgeoisie and its spokespersons，This profound dialectical historical view and values ​​essentially reveal the power that truly represents the future development trend and direction of the future。

　　(The author is a member of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Researcher at the Institute of Philosophy)