early 2019，Receive Ye Ye、Yan Zinan's letter，Knowing that they feel that the scholars and related achievements of the study of poetry and Qing and Qing poems in the academic community are still less (relative to the pre -Qin、Tang and Song poetry and Ming and Qing dynasties)，Interesting to launch a translation research plan，This presents some of the research on the study of poetry and Qing poetry from overseas。This is a very meaningful thing，But it is also a hard work，Rare they have this academic enthusiasm and courage。

In a blink of an eye，Pleasant "Western Sea Rains: Collection of Poetry of Bet365 app download the United States and the United States, the United States, and the Ming and Qing Dynasties Poetry Poems in August 2022 was published by Peking University Publishing House。Now only the personal pushing place is available，Miscellaneous Talk 1，Provide readers with some clues，Understand from the context of Sinology in Europe and the United States、Read this work。

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Mention of the Ming and Qing Literature Research of Sinology in Europe and the United States，Perhaps a few people will first think of novels、Opera，or cultural phenomenon in the early Ming and Qing dynasties、Several research hotspots such as female literature。The former is novel、Research -led studies such as opera and other literary categories。Under the influence of new changes in literature history，Fiction、Opera's popular texts in the Ming and Qing Dynasties have attracted much attention，Poems such as poetry at the same time are often neglected as the "reverberation" of previous generation poetry。This phenomenon is also found in the Ming and Qing Literature Research in the Chinese field。latter (cultural phenomenon in the Ming and Qing Dynasties、Female Literature, etc.Bet365 app download ) is a study based on historical and cultural phenomena or themes，The text and literature involved contains poetry，But the topic of its main concern is not necessarily in a certain text (such as poem、Text) The development and change of itself，Instead, the poems and other texts are regarded as a historical document or text for readers to explore the characteristics of a certain era.。Therefore，If you want to explore the translation and research status of Chinese and American sinology on the Ming and Qing poems，What we see is not necessarily a main line that is centered on style and is clear，Instead, several cross -combined fusion in multiple styles、rich veins between disciplines。

For example，Mr. Mu Fuli is known for his historical research，But on the study of poetry and text in the Ming Dynasty in North America, it is also necessary to mention its monograph "The POET KAO Ch'I, 1336-1374)，And it emphasizes the spirit of the academic spirit that emphasizes literature and history，In the later period, a poem about Yang Shen and Huang'e's poetry ("Yang Shen and Huang O: Husband and Wife as lovers, POETS, Anding Historical Figures ") also continues。I have noticed this phenomenon keenly，Including some historians involved in the study of the Ming and Qing poems。

Another example，Looking at the Ming and Qing prose research of Sinology in Europe and the United States，Pay attention to the eight -strand text far more than others，This is also a notable research phenomenon，It can explain the intricate angle and context of European and American Sinology research。Generally speaking，It can be divided into three aspects: First, it mainly starts from the perspective of literature，If the 1970s and 1990s, apply Jing Jing、 Piandi、Lu Qingbin and other Mr. Kaishan Research and Translator，Professor Dshadi, published in the spring of 2021, discusses the special book of Babu literature aesthetics。The second Bet365 lotto review is the main research object with the imperial examination system，Most of them belong to the category of historical research，For example, several related monographs and the papers compiled by Professor Elman are all about discussion and articles about eight -bald articles。There are still a considerable number of European and American research papers and scholars，Perhaps it is generally not noticed by literary researchers。Third, outside the traditional Chinese school circle，There is also a discipline in the European and American schools.，That is rhetoric。In the Western Rhetor，Eight shares have been regarded as a stylistic style that can reflect the laws of Chinese rhetoric because it has been regarded as a long time.。The End of the Qing Dynasty，Italian Catholic Priest Tong Dezai's Latin literary book "Chinese Literature Course"，The fifth volume is based on the chapter structure of the eight -strand literature in the Western rhetoric，Rulb question、Lecture, etc.。2016，The keynote speech of the annual conference of the Canadian Rhetoric Research Association，The title is "People、Wen、Eight Stocks: Understanding Chinese Rhetoric Teaching from Contemporary Truths "，The lecturer Shi Wenjuan is a professor at the Department of English at the Texas Agricultural University of Agricultural Engineering。Western academic conferences and scholars，Perhaps not in the scope of European and American sinctions familiar to Chinese literature，But this exactly explains how the Ming and Qing poetry enters the study field of different disciplines in the Western academic circles with different attitudes and significance。

Of course，The above categories still flow in simple，Literature and historical research have observed each other。Even if it belongs to the scope of literary research，Due to various relationships, it is easy to produce the phenomenon of excessive excessive bet365 live casino games academic divisions today，Such as the Ming and Qing poems and novels and opera sometimes seem to form different academic groups，But in fact, researchers often cure poems, novels and operas。Ru Pu Anudi，You may be more familiar with his great contribution to the research on vernacular novels (especially the Ming Dynasty Qi Book and "Dream of Red Mansions")，While ignoring his discussion of Babu's text。

　The related results of the Chinese and Western academic circles are abundant 

European and American Sinology circles also introduce the translations and research of western readers and students from the perspective of the style of style。Compared with some early Chinese literature selection of Chinese literature，1986 is the harvest year of the English translation of poetry in the Ming and Qing Dynasties。This year, published in the United States, "Selection of Late Poetry in China in Qi Lianghan: Choice of Chinese Late Poems: Yuan、Ming、Qing ", Ming and Ch'ing Dynasties and Luo Yuzheng and Shu Weilin's "Waiting for the Waiting for the Waiting for the Unicorn: Poems and Lyrics of China’ s Last Dynasty, 1644-1911)，In the same year, Yang Xianyi also published Yang Xianyi's "POETRY and Prose of the Ming and Qing"。The important journal of Chinese literature and English translation "Translation Cong" launched the "Ancient Prose" special number in 1990，Among them, Ming and Qing prose accounted for 1/3 of。Readers If you compare the two newly published Ming and Qing poetry translations ("Book Burning and Collection: Selected Book of Burning and Tibetan Works", "Two Century Manchu Poets: One Introduction，It can be seen that the development and direction of the Chinese and American sinctions in the Chinese and American sinctions in the Ming and Qing dynasties over the years。

In terms of research，The Indiana Companion to Traditional CHINESELATARATURINORI，Published in 1986 and 1998) Introduction to Poetry written by Cai Hanmo，and the prose introduction bet365 live casino games part written by Ni Haoshi，Both mention the historical development of poetry and Ming and Qing articles after the Song Dynasty。other，About individual writers and work versions included in the book、Simple entry of translation research，It is an important entry tool letter to understand the research on the study of the Chinese and American academic circles in the 20th century。Several Chinese literature history in the English world also has its own characteristics on the writing style，Among them，2001 edition) Focus on starting from style，The whole book is divided into seven edits 55，Among them, the second editor、The third editor specifically discusses poetry and prose。What is worth playing is，Its poetry part is mainly arranged by the times，As the 19th chapter "Poems of the 14th Century" to Chapter 22 "Poetry of Early 18th to the 20th Century"，roughly covers the scope of the Ming and Qing poems; the prose part is not according to the times (except for the 32nd "20th Century Prose")，Instead of articles genre (such as history books、biography、travel notes, etc.) to divide。In recent years, there are two books "How to read Chinese Poetry", a book undergraduate and graduate from North American University (how to read Chinese poetry，2007 edition) and "How to read the Chinese prose"，Compilation)，From this, we can see that some European and American sinology achievements and researchers active in this field。"How to Read Chinese Poems" includes "Ming and Qing Poems" written by Professor Fang Xiujie，and its sister "Chinese Poetry Culture: How to Read Chinese Poetry in Context: POETIC CULTURE FROM Antiquity Through the Tang，2018 edition) Stop in the Tang Dynasty。These books are the "how to read Chinese literature" series (Columbia University Press), edited by Professor Cai Zongqi, Champagne Campus of the University of Illinois and Professor Yuan Xingzheng of Peking bet365 best casino games University，Can be regarded as the cooperation crystal of the Chinese and Western academic circles。

　Do not forget the predecessor's learning pulse 

Introduction to these large Chinese literature and history of literature，Roughly reflect the location of the Poems of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the past in European and American sinology research。Although it is not the mainstream research of Ming and Qing literature，European and American Chinese academic circles also care about researchers who care about the poems of the Ming and Qing Dynasties，But the "West Sea Rain Pearl" in front of this book is working hard to collect，Reading readers delicate taste。Rong Rong I mentioned a special sinology predecessor of Ming poetry here -Mr. Bai Runde。Mr. Bai Runde began to translate the works of the Ming Dynasty poets during the postgraduate period in the 1970s，Although its doctoral dissertation and earliest monographs are concentrated in the Tang and Five Dynasties，But his research interest on Ming Shi has not been reduced，Especially for retro literati He Jingming is deeply deep。In 1997, he wrote the book "He Jingming Cong" in Chinese，In 2008, when the Asia -Pacific Department of the University of Victoria, Canada was Rongqiu，Published more than 700 pages of books "Dawu: He Jingming and his World" (The Great Recreation: Ho Ching-ming [1483-1521] and his world)。ten years ago，At the 2011 Annual Meeting of the Asian Research Association，Professor Bai Runde hosted a round table forum with the title of "positioning and development of poetry after the Song Dynasty"，Experts in various periods and fields gathered，Ruyu Rugu、Sun Kangyi、Lin Lizhang、Lin Zongzheng、Mr. Kou Zhiming and others，Research on Yuan Ming and Qing Poetry of Western Sinology is an important promotion。

Zeng Jindi paid tribute to Professor Bai Runde with this article。I think he must know today after ten years，"Western Sea Restrication Pearls: Collection of Poems in Europe, America, Bet365 app download the United States and Ming and Qing Dynasties，Welcome a new chapter for the study of the Ming and Qing poetry in the Chinese and Western studies。

　(The author is a professor of Chinese studies at the Oriental Department of Oxford University)