The diverse civilization of human beings is a lifestyle、Cultural System、Crystal of factors such as historical tradition and social norms，Each civilization has its own superiority and characteristics，worth communication、Learn、Complement and innovation。It is the macro wishes with such a era mission and cultural mission，Professor Fu Youde has accumulated more than 30 years of achievements in the translation of Jewish science、Introduction and research work，Compare it with Chinese civilization，Its new "The Stone of the Mountains -Jewish to China" (April 2022, Shandong University Press)，is the crystallization of Confucianism and Jewish studies。

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The book is based on the comparative research of Jewish and Confucianism and related issues，Expand analysis、Explanation、Identification、Judging and Construction Work。Introduction part of the book opens: Comprehensive philosophical views，Comparative theory of "third -party -four steps -comprehensive innovation"，Dedicated to construct a relatively complete comparative learning methodology。

Three themes in the whole book。The first theme is the study of Jewish and Confucianism。Through the corresponding literature statement and analysis，presents the similarities and characteristics of Jewish and Confucian culture，so that readers can accurately understand these two ancient and intelligent civilizations -Jewish studies are based on the divine religion、The "ethical religion" culture characterized by divineism; Confucianism is based on the Emperor、The "Religious Ethics" culture characterized by the ancestors and the people。In "The Relationship bet365 best casino games between God and Man and Heaven and Man -Comparison of Jewish and Confucianism"，The author conducted in -depth research on the relationship between the gods and people of Jewish and Confucianism，Refine two clear conclusions: Jewish studies emphasize divineism，Confucianism emphasizes humanism，Although the two are divided into wild，But can be a mirror learning。Put the Divine and Humanism、His rhythm and self -discipline，Can more adapt to modern society。

The second theme is Jewish culture as a mirror，For Chinese cultural construction for reference。As one of the oldest nations，The Jews have gone through hard twists and turns，But can conform to the changes of the times，Good handling traditional and modern、nationality and world、Many dilemma such as sacred and secular。This two considering both and the wisdom of Zhongdao is worth learning from，To better promote the modern transformation of traditional Chinese culture。

The third theme is to examine the Jewish nation from the perspective of others、Religious、Thinking、Traditional and historical culture, etc.，Systematically explain its characteristics。This part contains the author -related preface、Comments、An English paper in the interview and appendix，Make the whole book more interesting，You can also see some of the work done by the author in popularizing Jewish culture。In "Jewish Spirit"，Classic of inspecting Jewish culture、The history of the Jews and the specificity of lifestyle，The author comprehensively summarizes the connotation of the Jewish spirit: God's originalism、Promoting Dexing、Seeking differences and self -reliance、Learning and unyieldingness。It is these spiritual styles，Make the Jewish nation a unique and extraordinary nation。

　Comparison of research is equal and unequal at time 

Bet365 lotto review Any scholar engaged in comparative studies，Do you have to face the challenges of inaccurate people -Can different civilizations compare? Where is the comparison?，I believe that the ethnic group cannot communicate，Can't find the minimum convention。

Questions about the above，Shi Huaci believes that it can be compared between different civilizations，Because "human experience has the same world"; Hao Dawei and An Lezhe also think，Comparison culture starts with basic assumptions，There is a common humanity，"There are common things between those thinking patterns that are biased and described and explained in a biasedment"。The author of the book agrees with Professor Yu Jiyuan's refutation to McKintel's inaccurate theory，"Humans live in the same world，Have similar mental abilities，and share many basic relationships and organizations，Such as father and son、Brother、Friend、Home、Community、Politics, etc.。So，There is a set of basic desires、Feel、belief and need，These are the necessary for humans to enjoy and live a life of people with life。This forms a public foundation for comparing different cultures "。The author thinks，Nothing is absolutely not allowed、Do not put together to do comparative research，Then break the narrow vision of cultural relativism and non -comparators，Established the cornerstone of legitimacy for comparative learning。

How to build a relatively complete comparative theory? How to face existing academic achievements?，Open the comparative journey of Confucianism and Jewish。Talking about the equality of the object，He in favor of "Friends as a Mirror" advocated by ancient Chinese and Western Aristotle。He also absorbed the equal view of Professor Yu Jiyuan and Professor Li Chenyang，Those who believe that Bet365 lotto review comparators should hold a neutral attitude，Can't enter the main as the main，or is free to see left and right。Just as Shi Huaci's warning: "No one is more privilege than others possess a privilege native。"The author bluntly，Mainively maintain a neutral attitude，But can it be truly equal between the objects，It is determined due to the specific comparison object。Compared with the individual, although it can maintain an equal heart，But the comparison between the objects will be sentenced to high and low because of their own differences、All and partial、Differences such as beauty and ugly。Comparison of different philosophy, ideological and cultural fields or themes is possible，is also feasible; but，Comparison research is sometimes equal，Sometimes it can be unequal，Don't blindly pursue the equality of the comparative object，ignore more important issues。

　　Four comparative characters 

Following the question is how to develop comparative research? Through the analysis and comprehensive analysis of multiple classic cases，The author tries to propose four steps of comparative research。The first step is the generality of the comparison according to the common nature of a certain common -third party，Determine the specific comparison object，This is a crucial starting point，Find comparable，Establish a comparison area and object。The author introduces the "comparison third party" to clarify comparison platforms and standard issues，This is the base point of comparative research，Some commonality between the comparison items — equally take into account all comparison items，It is "beyond the comparative item"，It can "twist it alone" or extract or upgrade to "third party"，As a prerequisite for comparison。The second step is to point out the same or different from bet365 live casino games the same difference，From this learned the characteristics of the comparison objects。The third step is on the basis of comparison，Make accurate judgment with reasonable standards; of course，There are also comparators who are unwilling to make judgments，Stop in observation、Analysis and statement of comparison objects，The right to judge the judgment will be given to the reader or others。I prefer the author's choice，That is, the world is inseparable from the observer，Always carry out all activities in construction，Including comparison。So，There should be some reasonable tasks and purposes in comparative learning，Not just a scientific description，There should be understanding、Observatory of interpretation and construction。The fourth step is creative transformation or comprehensive innovation based on comparative research。The main method is，Transplant the comparative target knowledge and truth、Grafting、complementary、，or integrated into a new theory，"Get a more complete overall thought or theory with the one -sidedness of the original parties";、Summary，Form new theory; or by summarizing their respective advantages，Make it sublimated or abstract，To create new ideas，Solve the problem of the times。

The author describes different types of comparisons and its purpose with vivid metaphors。The first category is the comparison of introduced characters，His role played the role of bridge，Promote the object of comparison objects。The second category is the comparison of the role of the identifier，Not only introduces comparative objects，Also analyze and control。The third category is the comparison of the referee or judge character。The fourth category is a comparison of philosophers or thinkers，Those who compare this kind of comparison after the previous three Bet365 lotto review steps，Jungle of continuing to find thoughts，Looking for the road to truth，"Complete the truth factor of all parties or integrate it，Establish an ideological system beyond comparison "，Build a new knowledge building。

For decades，The author devotes the research of Jewish studies、Teaching and Discipline Construction，Actively promote the development of Jewish science in China。He consciously plays multiple comparison characters。Both the introducer，Translation of a large number of Jewish philosophy classics，Write "History of Jewish Philosophy"，Qiang Chinese Jewish Culture Classics，Let Chinese people have a bridge to learn Jewish culture;，Through the study of Chinese culture and the experience of studying Western philosophy in the early years，In -depth analysis of the middle -Utah culture; or the judge，Basic research based on years of basic research，In -depth analysis and identification, make a fair judgment on the specific comparison objects。What worthwhile is，As a Chinese scholar，When facing traditional culture，He can still restrain emotion，Don't follow the wind、，Reasonable analysis of the problem，Seeing the advantages of each other，Facing each other's problems，suggestions for cultural construction。If the spirit of different spirituality and the spirit of the Chinese people seemed to be different from the spirit of common deposits of the Jews，Thinking and words and deeds of seeking simultaneous surviving differences on the Chinese people are far -reaching，It has long been immersed in "big tradition" and the folk "small tradition"，Become a national psychology、Habits and thinking。The advantage of this habit and thinking is tolerance，The disadvantage is that it is not conducive to knowledge innovation and scientific development。bet365 live casino games When comparing prophets and saints，The author thinks，Saint or king in ancient Chinese culture，or Zaifu or Quan Minister，or eager to goods with the emperor's family，Their thoughts are mostly guiding more than criticism; and Jewish prophets are brave in society and criticize。Director each，Clear social function，Director each，Advantages complementary，Form an ideal personality，That is, "Gathering Social Critics and Moral Models in One"。

　(Author Unit: College of Marxism University in Yunnan University)